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{{Violence against Muslims in India}} | {{Violence against Muslims in India}} | ||
{{Violence against Hindus in independent India}} | {{Violence against Hindus in independent India}} | ||
The '''1980 Moradabad riots''', also known as the '''Moradabad Muslim Massacre''', refers to violence that happened in the Indian city of [[Moradabad]] during August–November 1980. | The '''1980 Moradabad riots''', also known as the '''Moradabad Muslim Massacre''', refers to violence that happened in the Indian city of [[Moradabad]] during August–November 1980. A pig entered during the [[Muslim holidays|Eid]] festival prayer in [[Eidgah|Idgah]] on 13 August,local Muslims asked the police to remove the pig which was refused. This created a tension among the devotees and a confrontation ensued between local police and Muslims.<ref name="SteveWilkinson2006"/><ref name="Shashi1997"/> The police responded with indiscriminate firing, which led to over one hundred deaths. This was followed by a series of violent incidents which became religious in nature, and led to arson, looting and murders.<ref name="Asghar1991"/><ref name="Krishna_1980"/> | ||
The violent incidents continued until November 1980. The total death tally is uncertain: the government recognized and paid compensation for 400 deaths, while the unofficial estimates run as high as 2500. | The violent incidents continued until November 1980. The total death tally is uncertain: the government recognized and paid compensation for 400 deaths, while the unofficial estimates run as high as 2500. | ||
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The tensions between Hindus and Muslims had been running high since the kidnap of a [[Dalit]] girl by some Muslims in March 1980. The Dalits and Muslims used to live in separate ''basti''s (colonies) near an [[Eidgah|Idgah]]. The girl was later rescued, and her kidnapper was arrested. In July, on the day of her marriage to a Dalit boy, some Muslims obstructed the [[baraat|marriage procession]] complaining about loud music near the mosque. The argument soon escalated into a violent clash between the two communities, followed by looting of several houses.<ref name="Shashi1997"/> | The tensions between Hindus and Muslims had been running high since the kidnap of a [[Dalit]] girl by some Muslims in March 1980. The Dalits and Muslims used to live in separate ''basti''s (colonies) near an [[Eidgah|Idgah]]. The girl was later rescued, and her kidnapper was arrested. In July, on the day of her marriage to a Dalit boy, some Muslims obstructed the [[baraat|marriage procession]] complaining about loud music near the mosque. The argument soon escalated into a violent clash between the two communities, followed by looting of several houses.<ref name="Shashi1997"/> | ||
On 13 August 1980, a domesticated pig from the Dalit colony strayed into the Idgah during the [[Eid prayers|Id prayer]]. Around 50,000 Muslims were attending [[ | On 13 August 1980, a domesticated pig from the Dalit colony strayed into the Idgah during the [[Eid prayers|Id prayer]]. Around 50,000 Muslims were attending [[Eid prayers|Eid]] prayers at the location. The Muslims, who considered the pigs as [[haraam]], believed that the pig had been deliberately released by the Hindu Dalits.<ref name="SteveWilkinson2006">{{cite book | author=Steven I. Wilkinson | title=Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLpRFbLSxvAC&pg=PA37|year=2006| publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-53605-9 |page=37}}</ref> They asked an on-duty policeman to chase the pig away, but he refused to do so, leading to a heated argument. The violence broke out when some Muslims pelted stones at the policemen.<ref name="Shashi1997">{{cite book | author=Shashi B Sahai | title=India: Twilight at Midday : Untold Story of a Sick Society | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vq-_8V1GKGQC&pg=PA123|year=1997| publisher=Gyan Books | isbn=978-81-212-0532-0 | pages=123–124}}</ref> The Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) collapsed when a stone hit his forehead. The policemen then started firing indiscriminately into the crowd. The police force was reinforced by the [[State Armed Police Forces#Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary|Provincial Armed Constabulary]] (PAC) troops that arrived in trucks along with the District Magistrate.<ref name="Krishna_1980">{{cite journal | title = Anatomy of the Moradabad Riots | author = Krishna Gandhi | journal = [[Economic and Political Weekly]] | volume = 15 | issue = 36 | date = 6 September 1980 | pages = 1505–1507 | jstor = 4369047 }}</ref> Several Muslims were killed in the firing; about 50 more lost their lives in a [[stampede]] that followed the firing. The Muslim leader [[Syed Shahabuddin]] later compared the firing to the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]].<ref name="Asghar1991"/> | ||
== The riots == | == The riots == | ||