Rajput Mughal marriage alliances
After the mid-16th century, many Rajput rulers formed close ties with the Mughal emperors and served them in various capacities.[1][2] It was because of the Rajputs that Akbar was not able to make complete Mughal Empire in India.[3] The Rajput nobles had their daughters married to the Mughal emperors and their princes and also Mughals married there daughter to Rajput kings for political purposes.[4][5][6] For example, Akbar performed 40 marriages for himself and for his sons and grandsons, of which 17 were Rajput-Mughal alliances.[7] The successors of the Mughal emperor Akbar, the mothers of his son Jahangir and grandson Shah Jahan were Rajputs.[8] The Sisodia Rajput family of Mewar made it an honor not to enter into matrimonial relations with the Mughals, and thus stood in contrast to all other Rajput clans.[9] After this time, the marital relations between the Rajputs and the Mughals declined somewhat.[10] Akbar's relations with the Rajputs began when he returned in 1561 from a visit by the Chisti Sufi Shaikh of Sikri, west of Agra. Then many Rajput princesses married Akbar.[11]
List of Rajput-Mughal matrimonial relationsEdit
- In February 1562, Akbar married Mariam-uz-Zamani, daughter of Raja Bharmal (Kachwaha-Amber).[12]
- In 1562, Akbar married the granddaughter of Rao Viramde. (Rathore-Merta)[13]
- On 15 November 1570, Rai Kalyan Singh married his niece, Raj Kunwari, to Akbar (Rathore-Bikaner) [14][15]
- In 1570, Akbar married Bhanumati, another niece of Rai Kalyan Singh (Rathore-Bikaner) [14]
- In 1570, Puram Bai, a great-granddaughter of Rao Viramde was married to Akbar. (Rathore-Merta) [16][17]
- In 1570, Maharawal Harraj Singh married his daughter Princess Nathi Bai to Akbar (Bhati-Jaisalmer).[18][19][20][21]
- In 1573, the marriage of Akbar to the daughter of Raja Jaichand of Nagarkot (Nagarkot)[citation needed]
- On March 1577, the marriage of Akbar to the daughter of the Rawal Askaran took place(Gehlot-Dungarpur)[22][23]
- In 1581, Keshavdas married his daughter to Akbar (Rathore-Morta)[24]
- Akbar also married Rukmavati, daughter of Rao Maldeo. (Rathore-Marwar)[25]
- On 16 February 1585, Prince Salim (Jahangir) was married to Princess Man Bai, the daughter of Bhagwant Das (Kachwaha-Amber)
- On 11 January 1586, the marriage of Prince Salim (Jahangir) to Princess Manavati Bai, the daughter of Mota Raja Udai Singh took place (Rathore-Marwar)
- On 26 June 1586, Prince Salim was married to daughter of Raja Rai Singh. (Rathore-Bikaner)[26]
- In 1587, Prince Salim married, Malika Jahan, daughter of Maharawal Bhim Singh. (Bhati-Jaisalmer)
- Prince Salim married Karamsi, daughter of Kesho Das. (Rathore-Bikaner)[27]
- On 12 October 1595, the marriage of Daniyal to Raimal's daughter took place. (Rathore-Marwar)[28]
- On 17 June 1608, Jahangir married the daughter of Jagat Singh. (Kachwaha-Amber)[29]
- On January 1610, Jahangir married the daughter of Ram Chandra Bundela (Bundela-Orchha)[30]
- On 21 February 1613, Jahangir married his daughter Sultan Begum to Vikramaditya of Mewar[31]
- On April 1624, the marriage of Prince Parvez to Princess Manbhavati Bai, the sister of Maharaja Gaj Singh (Rathore-Marwar)[32][33][34]
- February 21, 1632, Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal, married his daughter Princess Jahanara Begum to Shahryar, the younger son of Rajput King Raja Chhatrasal of Bundelkhand.[35]
- Prince Khurram (Shah Jahan) married Lilavati Bai, daughter of Sakat Singh (Rathore-Marwar)[36]
- In 1654, the marriage of the daughter of Rao Amar Singh to Prince Suleiman Shikoh (Rathore-Marwar)[37][38]
- On December 1659, Aurangzeb married his daughter Zeb-un-Nissa to Prince Suleiman Shikoh, the eldest son of Rajput King Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Marwar[39]
- In 1671, marriage of Mohammad Muazzam (Bahadur Shah I) to Princess Amrita Bai, the daughter of Maharaja Roop Singh Rathore of Kishangarh took place (Rathore-Kishangarh)[40]
- On 5 July 1678, Azim-ush-Shan was married to Bai Jas Kaur, Kirat Singh's daughter, the son of Raja Jai Singh (Kachwaha-Amber)[41][42]
- 30 July 1681, Aurangzeb's son Kaam Baksh was married to Amarchand's daughter (Shekhawat-Manoharpur).[citation needed]
- Jahandar Shah was married to a Rajput Princess, Anup Bai.[43]
- On 27 September 1715, Farrukhsiyar married the daughter of Maharaja Ajit Singh, Princess Indira Kanwar (Rathore-Marwar)
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–24. ISBN 978-0-521-25119-8.
- ↑ Bhadani, B. L. (1992). "The Profile of Akbar in Contemporary Literature". Social Scientist. 20 (9/10): 48–53. doi:10.2307/3517716. JSTOR 3517716.
- ↑ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 272–273. ISBN 978-81-269-0123-4.
- ↑ Smith, Bonnie G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 656. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9. Archived from the original on 2016-09-02. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ↑ Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. Archived from the original on 2020-06-16. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ↑ Lal, Ruby (2005). Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World. Cambridge University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-521-85022-3.
- ↑ Vivekanandan, Jayashree (2012). Interrogating International Relations: India's Strategic Practice and the Return of History War and International Politics in South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70385-0.
- ↑ Hansen, Waldemar (1972). The peacock throne : the drama of Mogul India (1. Indian ed., repr. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 12, 34. ISBN 978-81-208-0225-4.
- ↑ Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian Princes and their States. Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 9781139449083.
- ↑ Chandra, Satish (2007). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part-II. Har Anand Publications. p. 124. ISBN 9788124110669. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ↑ David O. Morgan, Anthony Reid (2010). The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 3, The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Taylor and Francis. p. 213. ISBN 9781316184363. Archived from the original on 2021-01-30. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
- ↑ Mukherjee, Soma (2001). Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions. Gyan Books. ISBN 978-81-212-0760-7. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan. Vol. II. pp. 366–367.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Waseem, Shah Mohammad (2003). A Persian historiography in India. pp. 78–79. ISBN 9788173915376. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. II. p. 518.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan. Vol. I. p. 4.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan. Vol. II. p. 362.
- ↑ Singh, Rajvi Amar (1992). Mediaeval History of Rajasthan: Western Rajasthan. Rajvi Amar Singh, 1992. p. 1166. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company, 2006. pp. 548–552. ISBN 9788129108906. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ Journal of Indian History, Volume 46. Department of Modern Indian History, 1968. 1968. p. 32. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. II. p. 283.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. II. p. 287.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. II. p. 295.
- ↑ The Idea of Rajasthan: Institutions. India: Manohar Publishers & Distributors. 1994. p. 237. ISBN 9788185425849. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
- ↑ Chandra, Satish (1993). Mughal Religious Policies, the Rajputs & the Deccan. New Delhi, India: Vikas Publishing House. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-0-7069-6385-4.
- ↑ Fazl, Abul. The Akbarnama. Vol. III. Translated by Beveridge, Henry. Calcutta: ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. p. 748.
- ↑ Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan Vol II. p. 361.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. III. p. 283.
- ↑ The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated by Thackston, Wheeler Mclntosh. Washington, D. C. & New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution & Oxford University Press. 1999. p. 95.
- ↑ The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated by Thackston, Wheeler Mclntosh. Washington, D. C. & New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution & Oxford University Press. 1999. p. 104.
- ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (1917). The History of the Mughals. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar and Sons. p. 265.
- ↑ Jahangir, Emperor; Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (1999). The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 181, 418.
- ↑ Saran, Richard Davis; Ziegler, Norman Paul (2001). The Meṛtīyo Rāṭhoṛs of Meṛto, Rājasthān: Translations and notes with appendices, glossary, introductory material and indexes. University of Michigan, Centers for South and Southeast Asian Studies. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-891-48085-3.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan; Volume II. p. 51.
- ↑ Tillotson, G.H.R. (1984). The History of Mewar (1st ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 227–229.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan. Vol. II. p. 45.
- ↑ Khan, Inayat. The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan. p. 497.
- ↑ Sarkar, Kobita. Shah Jahan and His Paradise on Earth. p. 164.
- ↑ Lal, Ruby (2005). The Mughal Harem: Women and the Culture of Empire. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 197–201.
- ↑ Irvine, William (1991) [First published 1921]. Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 141. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
- ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri: A History of Emperor Aurangzib-Alamgir (reign 1658-1707 AD) of Saqi Mustad Khan. Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. p. 209.
- ↑ Irvine, William (1991) [First published 1921]. Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 209. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
- ↑ Lal, Muni. Mini Mughals. p. 67.