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===Governor of Punjab=== | ===Governor of Punjab=== | ||
In 1933 he was appointed [[Governor of the Punjab]]. The following year he took leave from the role and was deputised for four months by [[Sikandar Hayat Khan|Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan]].<ref>Punjab Administration Report. India, Government Printing, Punjab, 1934.</ref> Emerson served as Governor until his retirement in April 1938.<ref name="auto1"/> | In 1933 he was appointed [[Governor of the Punjab]] and [[Maurice Garnier Hallett|Sir Maurice Hallett]] took over as Home Secretary. The following year he took leave from the role and was deputised for four months by [[Sikandar Hayat Khan|Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan]].<ref>Punjab Administration Report. India, Government Printing, Punjab, 1934.</ref> Emerson served as Governor until his retirement in April 1938.<ref name="auto1"/> | ||
==Other Home | ==Other Home Secretaries before Emerson== | ||
Here is a probable list of Home | Here is a probable list of Home Secretaries of British Government who had served before Emerson — | ||
1. Sir [[Herbert Hope Risley]] — 1904-1913</ | 1. Sir [[Herbert Hope Risley]] — 1904-1913<br /> | ||
2. Sir [[William Sinclair Marris]] — 1913-1916</ | 2. Sir [[William Sinclair Marris]] — 1913-1916<br /> | ||
3. Sir [[James Houssemayne Du Boulay]] — 1916-1919</ | 3. Sir [[James Houssemayne Du Boulay]] — 1916-1919<br /> | ||
4. Sir SR Hignell — 1919-1921</ | 4. Sir SR Hignell — 1919-1921<br /> | ||
5. Sir HD Craik — 1921-1926</ | 5. Sir [[Henry Duffield Craik|HD Craik]] — 1921-1926<br /> | ||
6. Sir [[Harry Graham Haig]] — 1926-1930 | 6. Sir [[Harry Graham Haig]] — 1926-1930 | ||
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On 23 September 1938, he became League of Nations' High Commissioner for Refugees, and later Director of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees, dealing primarily with Russian and European Jewish refugees.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jta.org/1938/09/23/archive/sir-herbert-emerson-former-punuab-governor-named-to-head-leagues-new-refugee-body | title=Sir Herbert Emerson, Former Punuab Governor, Named to Head League’s New Refugee Body | date=23 September 1938 | publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency | accessdate=27 April 2019 }}</ref> He was an active writer, recording local customs and publicizing his opinions. | On 23 September 1938, he became League of Nations' High Commissioner for Refugees, and later Director of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees, dealing primarily with Russian and European Jewish refugees.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jta.org/1938/09/23/archive/sir-herbert-emerson-former-punuab-governor-named-to-head-leagues-new-refugee-body | title=Sir Herbert Emerson, Former Punuab Governor, Named to Head League’s New Refugee Body | date=23 September 1938 | publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency | accessdate=27 April 2019 }}</ref> He was an active writer, recording local customs and publicizing his opinions. | ||
He died at the age of 80 in | He died at the age of 80 on 13 April 1962 in [[London]].<ref>Obituaries on File: A-R. United States, Facts on File, 1979.</ref> | ||
==Indian legacy== | |||
He was portrayed by a [[British actor]] Ryan Jonathan in the 2002 [[Bollywood]] film [[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]. In the film he had been wrongly potrayed as a Home Member of [[Viceroy's Executive Council]] while he had been a Home Secretary of [[Government of India|GOI]] (Government of India). In the film his appearance also differs from his real one as in it he is show having a moustache while he actually did not have any. | |||
== Literature == | == Literature == | ||
Revision as of 10:36, 6 May 2021
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2019) |
Sir Herbert William Emerson, Template:Post-nominal (1 June 1881 — 13 April 1962), commonly known as HW Emerson, was a civil servant in British India and served as Governor of the Punjab in the 1930s.
Early life
He was born on 1 June 1881 in West Kirby, England to Stephen S. Emerson and Emelia Susan Emerson. He was educated at Calday Grange School and Magdalene College, Cambridge.[1]
Career
Early career
He was appointed to the Indian Civil Service in 1904 and served as an Assistant Commissioner in the Punjab. Between 1911 and 1914 he served as Manager of the princely state of Bushahr.[1] In 1916 he became Superintendent and Settlement Officer of Mandi State. The following year he was made an Assistant Commissioner and Settlement Officer in the Punjab, and in 1922 became Deputy Commissioner.[1]
Home Secretary
From 1930 to 11 April 1933, he served as the Home Secretary of The Government of British India succeeding Harry Graham Haig. In the role, Emerson had talks with Mahatma Gandhi over release of political prisoners after Civil Disobedience Movement. He and the Viceroy Lord Irwin agreed to for negotiation and resulted in Gandhi-Irwin Pact which conditioned the release but only of those who have not been accused of violent oppression. Due to this, three revolutionaries Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev & Rajguru, who had been accused for brutally murdering ASP John Saunders in late 1928, were hanged in the Central Jail of Lahore in the evening of 23 March 1931.
There was great public furore after their hanging. In many places protests and strikes took place against the British Government's unjust decision to hang them after an illegitimate trial where they were not even chanced to be defended. People even protested against Emerson to be just working on the order of Viceroy and not bearing any decisive powers.
Governor of Punjab
In 1933 he was appointed Governor of the Punjab and Sir Maurice Hallett took over as Home Secretary. The following year he took leave from the role and was deputised for four months by Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan.[2] Emerson served as Governor until his retirement in April 1938.[1]
Other Home Secretaries before Emerson
Here is a probable list of Home Secretaries of British Government who had served before Emerson —
1. Sir Herbert Hope Risley — 1904-1913
2. Sir William Sinclair Marris — 1913-1916
3. Sir James Houssemayne Du Boulay — 1916-1919
4. Sir SR Hignell — 1919-1921
5. Sir HD Craik — 1921-1926
6. Sir Harry Graham Haig — 1926-1930
Later life
On 23 September 1938, he became League of Nations' High Commissioner for Refugees, and later Director of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees, dealing primarily with Russian and European Jewish refugees.[3] He was an active writer, recording local customs and publicizing his opinions.
He died at the age of 80 on 13 April 1962 in London.[4]
Indian legacy
He was portrayed by a British actor Ryan Jonathan in the 2002 Bollywood film The Legend of Bhagat Singh. In the film he had been wrongly potrayed as a Home Member of Viceroy's Executive Council while he had been a Home Secretary of GOI (Government of India). In the film his appearance also differs from his real one as in it he is show having a moustache while he actually did not have any.
Literature
- Oxford Biography Index Number 101067177
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Journal Officiel: Supplément special / Société des nations. Switzerland, Harrison & Sons, 1939.
- ↑ Punjab Administration Report. India, Government Printing, Punjab, 1934.
- ↑ "Sir Herbert Emerson, Former Punuab Governor, Named to Head League's New Refugee Body". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 23 September 1938. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
- ↑ Obituaries on File: A-R. United States, Facts on File, 1979.
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