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{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| conflict = | | conflict = Indian campaign of Al hakam | ||
| location = [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]]. | | location = [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]]. | ||
| | | partof = [[Umayyad campaigns in India]] | ||
| combatants_header = | | combatants_header = | ||
| combatant1 = [[File:Arab Caliphate Flag.png|27px|border]] [[Umayyad Caliphate]] | | combatant1 = [[File:Arab Caliphate Flag.png|27px|border]] [[Umayyad Caliphate]] | ||
Revision as of 15:18, 6 September 2026
| Indian campaign of Al hakam | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Umayyad campaigns in India | |||||||
 The region in which the arab campgain took place | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Umayyad Caliphate |
Chavda dynasty Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty Chalukyas of Navasarika Kachchh Kingdom Saindhava Gurjaras of Lata Maitraka dynasty | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Al-Hakam ibn Awana † |
Pushyadeva Dhavala Unknown chavda king † Jayabhata IV Siladitya IV Pulakeshin Nagabhata I | ||||||
Although Arab sources do not mention details of the campaigns, they are recorded in Indian sources which mentioned some victories over the Arab forces and their expeditions. Al-Hakam ibn Abu al-Aas ventured to Indias coastline from Sindh utilizing the Caliphate navy.[1] The Navsari inscription attributed to Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin of the Chalukya dynasty claimed victory over Arab forces after stating that they had arrived to Navsari and defeating the rulers.[2] Since these conquests had been lost under Tamim Zayd, and since the Muslims had again reached the southeastern corner of Gujarat by 739 AD, we must conclude that Al-Hakam or his lieutenants had indeed reconquered these territories.[3] Al-Hakam died in battle while fighting the Saurashtra in present-day Gujarat in 740 AD, putting an end to his expedition.[4][5]
References
- ↑ ALPERS, EDWARD A. (2018-06-07), "Researching the History of the Indian Ocean World", Connecting Continents, Ohio University Press, pp. 92–120, retrieved 2025-11-29
- ↑ Truschke, Audrey (2021-01-05). The Language of History: Sanskrit Narratives of Indo-Muslim Rule. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-55195-3.
- ↑ Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994-06-28). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. State University of New York Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7914-9683-1.
- ↑ Gordon, Matthew S.; Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1996). "The End of the jihād state: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (4): 795. doi:10.2307/605483. ISSN 0003-0279.
- ↑ Fisher, Michael H.; Wink, Andre (1992). "Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume 1, Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries". The American Historical Review. 97 (3): 910. doi:10.2307/2164901. ISSN 0002-8762.
| Preceded by Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi |
Governor of Sind 731-740 |
Succeeded by Amr ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi |