Created page with "{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Skirmish at Sangameshwar | partof = Deccan Wars | image = | caption = Sambhuji captured by Mughal forces under Muqqrab Khan and Ganoji Shirke | date = February 1689 | place = Sangameshwar{{efn|According to Marathi sources and Massir-i-Alamgiri}} or Khelna{{efn|According to Futuh-i-Alamgiri}}, Modern day Maharashtra | result = Mughal victo..." Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
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| caption = [[Sambhaji I|Sambhuji]] captured by [[Mughals|Mughal forces]] under Muqqrab Khan and [[Ganoji Shirke]] | | caption = [[Sambhaji I|Sambhuji]] captured by [[Mughals|Mughal forces]] under Muqqrab Khan and [[Ganoji Shirke]] | ||
| date = February 1689 | | date = February 1689 | ||
| place = Sangameshwar | | place = Sangameshwar or Khelna, Modern day [[Maharashtra]] | ||
| result = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=tasneem |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131101 |title=Fatuhat -i-alamgiri |date=1978 |pages=249}}</ref> | | result = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=tasneem |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131101 |title=Fatuhat -i-alamgiri |date=1978 |pages=249}}</ref> | ||
| territorial changes = | | territorial changes = | ||
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| commander1 = {{ubl|''[[Aurangzeb|Massir-i-Alamgiri]]'' :}} | | commander1 = {{ubl|''[[Aurangzeb|Massir-i-Alamgiri]]'' :}} | ||
{{ubl| {{ill|Muqqrab Khan|lt=Muqarrab Khan|en|Muqarrab Khan}}}} | {{ubl| {{ill|Muqqrab Khan|lt=Muqarrab Khan|en|Muqarrab Khan}}}} | ||
{{ubl|[[Ganoji Shirke]] | {{ubl|[[Ganoji Shirke]]}} | ||
----- | ----- | ||
{{ubl|''[[Aurangzeb|Futuh-i-Alamgiri]]'' :}} | {{ubl|''[[Aurangzeb|Futuh-i-Alamgiri]]'' :}} | ||
[[Kavi Kalash]]{{efn|According to Futuh-i-Alamgiri Kavi Kalash betrayed Sambhaji and helped Mughals however he was later executed along side with Sambhaji as Aurangzeb didn't wanted anyone to know how his spy system worked<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=tasneem |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131101 |title=Fatuhat -i-alamgiri |date=1978 |pages=249}}</ref>}}<br>Ikhlas Khan<br>Bahadur Khan<br>Fath Jang Hyderabadi | [[Kavi Kalash]]{{efn|According to Futuh-i-Alamgiri Kavi Kalash betrayed Sambhaji and helped Mughals however he was later executed along side with Sambhaji as Aurangzeb didn't wanted anyone to know how his spy system worked<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=tasneem |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131101 |title=Fatuhat -i-alamgiri |date=1978 |pages=249}}</ref>}}<br>Ikhlas Khan<br>Bahadur Khan<br>Fath Jang Hyderabadi | ||
| commander2 = [[Sambhaji I]]{{POW}}<br>[[Kavi Kalash]]{{POW | | commander2 = [[Sambhaji I]]{{POW}}<br>[[Kavi Kalash]]{{POW}}<br>Maloji Ghorpade{{KIA}}<br>Raiba Malusare{{KIA}}<br>Suryaji Jake{{KIA}}<br>Mahumad Ghazi{{KIA}}<br>Santaji Ghorpade{{WIA}}<br>Dhanaji Jadhav{{WIA}}<br>''[[Capture of Sambhaji#Battle|and 25 other officers........]]'' | ||
| territory = Sangameshwar or Khelna captured by the [[Mughal Empire]]. | | territory = Sangameshwar or Khelna captured by the [[Mughal Empire]]. | ||
| strength1 = {{ubl|''[[Maratha Empire|Maratha Sources]]'' :}} | | strength1 = {{ubl|''[[Maratha Empire|Maratha Sources]]'' :}} | ||
Revision as of 14:32, 6 September 2026
| Skirmish at Sangameshwar | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Deccan Wars | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Mughal Empire | Maratha Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
[lower-alpha 1] Ikhlas Khan Bahadur Khan Fath Jang Hyderabadi |
Sambhaji I (POW) Kavi Kalash (POW) Maloji Ghorpade † Raiba Malusare † Suryaji Jake † Mahumad Ghazi † Santaji Ghorpade (WIA) Dhanaji Jadhav (WIA) and 25 other officers........ | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
2000 Mughals |
1000 Marathas | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Nearly entire Maratha Army killed by the Mughals along with capture of Sambhaji, Rajaram I coronated as new Chhatrapati on March 1689[3] | |||||||||
A millitary engagement between under Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj and Mughals under Muqqrab Khan in which Marathas were defeated resulting in death of Maloji Ghorpade and Raiba Malusare as well as capture and execution of Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash.[4][5][6]
Battle
According to Massir–i–Alamgiri
While Aurangzeb was besieging Golconda and Bijapur, Sambhaji observed from Panhala. After capturing these forts, Aurangzeb deployed Sarja Khan, a seasoned general, to the Deccan. In December 1687, the Marathas, led by Hambirrao Mohite, defeated the Mughals at the Battle of Wai, though Mohite was killed.[7] Following the battle, Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj's forces weakened, and his movements were betrayed by Soyarabai and the Shirkes to the Mughals.Too fearful to meet his foe on an open battlefield, the Mughal commander Muqarrab Khan relied on a spineless snare to secure a capture supported by Ganoji Shirke, after a defeat at Samgamneshwar on 1 February 1689.[8] He was captured along with his minister Kavi Kalash and 25 officers. Aurangzeb, pleased with the capture, renamed Akluj to Asadnagar.[9]
According to Futuh-i-Alamgiri
Sambhaji grew jealous of Kavi Kalash’s growing influence and plotted with others to remove him from power, spreading lies that led to his dismissal as Diwan. Disgraced, Kavi Kalash moved to the fort of Khulna, but Sambhaji’s hostility continued, forcing him to seek refuge at the Mughal court, where the emperor rewarded him and his supporters with positions. Enraged, Sambhaji imprisoned their families and lost many followers to the imperial service, weakening his rule. When Mughal forces advanced and captured nearby forts, Sambhaji, fearful and desperate, tried to reconcile with Kavi Kalash through letters, pretending regret. Outwardly forgiving, Kavi Kalash secretly planned revenge and lured Sambhaji to Khulna. Once Sambhaji arrived, Mughal commanders Ikhlas Khan and Bahadur Khan surrounded the fort. Lacking supplies and hope, Sambhaji tried to break out with a few men but was defeated after heavy fighting. Four hundred of his men were killed, and he was finally captured by imperial soldiers, while Kavi Kalash, pretending loyalty, was also “arrested” for safety.[10]
Aftermath
Kavi Kalash and Sambhaji, captured by the Mughals, were humiliated and paraded through the Mughal camps before being presented to Aurangzeb. He offered to spare Sambhaji’s life if he surrendered his forts, disclosed his treasuries, and revealed Mughal officers aiding the Marathas, even offering him conversion to Islam. However, Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj insulted Aurangzeb and Muhammad, leading the Ulema to sentence him to death.Then he was tortured, blinded with red-hot irons, and beheaded on 11 March 1689 at Koregaon marking the end of resistance in the region.[11][12]
Notes
References
- ↑ Ahmad, tasneem (1978). Fatuhat -i-alamgiri. p. 249.
- ↑ Ahmad, tasneem (1978). Fatuhat -i-alamgiri. p. 249.
- ↑ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005-01-01). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 42–52. ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6.
- ↑ Kulkarni, G. T. (1983). The Mughal-Maratha Relations: Twenty Five Fateful Years, 1682-1707. Department of History, Deccan College Post-Graduate Research Institute. p. 74.
- ↑ Richards, John F. (1993). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
- ↑ Jaisingrao Pawar. Chhatrapati Rajaram And The Maratha State.
- ↑ Karandikar, Shivaram Laxman (1969). The Rise and Fall of the Maratha Power. Sitabai Shivram Karandikar. pp. 307–310.
- ↑ Joshi, Pandit Shankar (1980). Chhatrapati Sambhaji, 1657-1689 A.D. S. Chand. p. 241.
- ↑ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005-01-01). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6.
- ↑ Ahmad, tasneem (1978). Fatuhat -i-alamgiri. pp. 250–254.
- ↑ Johnston, Harry (1986). The Great Pioneer in India, Ceylon, Bhutan & Tibet. Mittal Publications. p. 252.
- ↑ Pāṭīla, Śālinī (1987). Maharani Tarabai of Kolhapur, C. 1675-1761 A.D. S. Chand & Company. pp. 46–48. ISBN 978-81-219-0269-4.