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| The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book |author=Subodh Kapoor |title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7CYEAR%3D2002%7CPUBLISHER%3DCOSMO+PUBLICATIONS%7CISBN%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7CPAGES%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2FREF%3E |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo |isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 |page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of peasants<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book |author=Shahid Amin |title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |year=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 |page=33 |quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book |editor=Kumar Suresh Singh |title=India's Communities |volume=A-G |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> | | The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''', is an [[Indian caste]] of peasants<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book |author=Shahid Amin |title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |year=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 |page=33 |quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book |editor=Kumar Suresh Singh |title=India's Communities |volume=A-G |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> |
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| The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Rajput|Kurmis]],<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the rajput caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book |editor1=Paul R. Brass |editor2=Francis Robinson |title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=Chanakya |isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> Though Sainthwars deny the claim but in Census of 1881 Sainthwars were mentioned along with rajput in Oudh and Benaras.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blunt |first=Sir Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=Sainthwar |title=The Caste System of Northern India |date=2010 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jogendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlpLAAAAMAAJ&q=Jogendra+Nath+Bhattacharya+saithwar |title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems |date=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |language=en}}</ref> Sainthwar was earlier a Kurmi sub-caste. But due to the rise of the leading family (princely family of Padruna) it was classified as a separate caste in 1911.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blunt |first=Sir Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=editions:4DMMl3vnlrcC |title=The Caste System of Northern India |date=2010 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 |language=en}}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Paul_1987"/>
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| The oral tradition of the Sainthwars traces their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/>
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| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh|RPN Singh]] belongs to the Saithwar rajput community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How RPN Singh fits into BJP's OBC plan in UP - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rpns-congress-exit-a-move-in-bjps-obc-plan/articleshow/89139720.cms|access-date=2022-01-28|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-rpn-singh-the-congress-leader-who-is-likely-to-join-bjp-ahead-of-up-assembly-polls |title=Who is RPN Singh? Know all about Congress heavyweight who joined BJP ahead of UP polls |newspaper=The Fress Press Journal |date=2022-01-25 |access-date=2022-08-10 }}</ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist}} |
Revision as of 19:48, 24 August 2026
The Sainthwar, or Mall, is an Indian caste of peasants[1] native to the Uttar Pradesh state.[2] Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or Other backward class.[3]
References
