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{{Infobox building | {{Infobox building | ||
| name = Talatal Ghar | | name = Talatal Ghar | ||
| image = Talatal Ghar.jpg | | image = File:Talatal Ghar in Sivasagar, Assam.jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = View of talatal ghar from one side | ||
| | | pushpin_map = | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|26.9663056|94.6246917|region:IN-AS|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|26.9663056|94.6246917|region:IN-AS|display=inline,title}} | ||
| location = [[Sivasagar]]<br />[[Assam]]<br />[[India]] | | location = [[Sivasagar]]<br />[[Assam]]<br />[[India]] | ||
| architect = Ghanashyam | | architect = Ghanashyam Khanikar | ||
| client = [[Rajeswar Singha]] | | client = [[Suremphaa]] or [[Rajeswar Singha]] | ||
| other_designers = Seng Konwari | |||
| engineer = | | engineer = | ||
| construction_start_date = | | construction_start_date = | ||
| completion_date = | | completion_date = {{start date and age|1765}} | ||
| | | demolished_date = | ||
| cost = | | cost = | ||
| structural_system = Bricks and indigenous varieties of cement | | structural_system = Bricks and indigenous varieties of cement | ||
| | | architectural_style = Mixed Architecture | ||
| size = | | size = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''''Talatal Ghar''''' {{IPA|as|tɔlatɔl ɡʱɔɹ|}}) is an 18th-century palace and military base located in [[Rangpur (Ahom capital)|Rangpur]], {{Convert|4|km||}} from present-day [[Sivasagar]], [[Assam]], [[India]]. It is the largest of the monument built during the [[Ahom dynasty|Ahom era]]. King [[Rudra Singha]] was responsible for the construction of Kareng Ghar, but the present structure was built by king [[Rajeswar Singha]] (Surempha). It was initially built as an army base. It had 2 tunnels and 3 underground floors. Currently this structure is in dilapidated condition, the present ruins betray the grandeur that the palace was once endowed with. | |||
The '''''Talatal Ghar''''' {{IPA | |||
== History == | |||
King [[Rudra Singha]] had shifted his capital from [[Garhgaon]] to [[Rangpur, Assam|Rangpur]] in 1707 (then known as Tengabari). He started the construction of the Talatal Ghar, but it was initially built of semi-permanent materials. He especially brought an architect from [[Cooch Behar]], Ghanashyam,<ref>"Ghanashyam, the artisan from Bengal employed to construct the Ranghar and the Kareng of Rangpur city, | |||
was put to death after being caught red handed with a map of the city concealed | |||
between two layers of a water pot." {{Harvcol|Gogoi|2017|p=71}}</ref> whom he appointed as the chief architect and entrusted him with the duty of designing the new capital city of Rangpur. Later his successor king [[Rajeswar Singha]] constructed the Talatal Ghar with major additions in bricks. The upper floor which is currently exposed had earlier chambers made of wood, timber and other impermanent materials, which were burnt during the [[Moamaria rebellion]], Burmese invasions and by British.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Enigmatic Talatal Ghar: Epitomizing Ahom Glory |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/node/2790471 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=INDIAN CULTURE |language=en}}</ref> | |||
The palace consisted of 7 storeys, of which 4 storeys can be seen on the ground and the other 3 storeys which were underground were sealed and filled during the [[Colonial Assam|British era]]<ref>{{Harvcol|Nath|2005|pp=71–72}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlinesivasagar.com/tourism/talatal-ghar.html |title=Talatal Ghar - Kareng Ghar, Sivasagar, Rangpur, Ahom royal palace, Sibsagar, Assam, India |publisher=Onlinesivasagar.com |access-date=2013-05-30}}</ref> | |||
==Architecture== | ==Architecture and Compartments== | ||
The ''Talatal Ghar'' was initially built as an army base. It houses two secret tunnels, and three floors below ground level which were used as exit routes during the Ahom conflicts with other kingdoms (and which give the structure its name). | === Talatal Ghar === | ||
The '' | [[File:Kareng Ghar inside 1.jpg|thumb|Room adjacent to the Puja Ghar, the wall of this chamber was used to keep the idols of the gods|left]] | ||
The ''Talatal Ghar'' was initially built as an army base. It houses two secret tunnels, and three floors below ground level which were used as exit routes during the Ahom conflicts with other kingdoms or enemy attack (and which give the structure its name).<ref>{{Harvcol|Nath|2005|pp=72}}</ref> At present the palace appears to be a building with irregular shape. The ground storey was used as horse stables, store rooms and, servant quarters. The royal apartments were located in the upper floors which are now to a great extent disappeared due to being made of semi-permanent materials.[[File:Kareng Ghar 3.JPG|thumb|Entrance of Kareng (Royal-Chamber) with few surviving floral relics on the top]](''[[Swargadeo]]'' ''[[Rajeswar Singha]]'') added the three floors below ground, which make up the ''Talatal Ghar''. This is made of brick and an indigenous type of cement (a mixture of [[Bora saul|Bora Chaul]]—a sticky variety of rice grain—eggs of swan, etc.). The ''Talatal Ghar'' had two secret tunnels. One, about {{Convert|3|km||}} in length, connected the ''Talatal Ghar'' to the [[Dikhow River]], while the other, {{Convert|16|km||}} long, led to the ''[[Garhgaon]]'' Palace, and was used as an escape route in case of an enemy attack.<ref>{{Harvcol|Nath|2005|pp=72}}</ref> | |||
=== Chambers and Compartments === | |||
[[File:Ahom Cannon.jpg|thumb|Three big cannons kept in Talatal Ghar. In middle there is one of the biggest cannon produced during Ahom era named as Bahikhowa Barphukanar Bortop]] | |||
From east to west, several rooms run along a long corridor; and from north to south are numerous smaller wings. The ground floor served as stables, store rooms, and servants' quarters. The ''Kareng Ghar'' was built mainly of wood, which deteriorated over time. The royal apartments were on the upper story, of which only a few rooms now remain, close to an octagonal room on the northern wing which once served as the prayer house. There are stairs leading up to the terrace. To the north of the staircase, there is the Mantranaghar (Conference-room) and east of it there is the Barcharā (Assembly hall) which was made of bamboo and wooden pillars near it, was the royal archives called Ghandia Bhoral under the Gandhia Baruah and Gandhia Phukan.<ref>"(B)uranjis were closely guarded, at least the official ones, the reason why they were kept in the ''Gandhia Bhoral'' (store house/library) under the supervision of an Ahom official called ''Gandhia Barua''." {{harvcol|Narzary|2021|p=13}}</ref> To the east there is the assembly hall of Nyay-Sodha-[[Phukan]] (Court of chief justice), to the south there is the assembly hall of Bhitarual Phukan (the secret Assembly Hall). An isolated room stands in the south which is believed to have been used by the queen during her confinement. On the south-west stands another isolated room, possibly the royal kitchen.<ref>{{Harvcol|Gogoi|1999–2000|p=27}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcol|Archaeological Survey Report|1902}}</ref> The interior and exterior of the palace were once beautifully engraved with reliefs of hunting scenes, floral designs, god and goddesses which only a few has survived.<ref>{{harvcol|Konwar|2014|pp=1–13}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Structures at Kareng Ghar 6.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Horse stables in the ground floor]] | |||
The ''Rangpur'' Palace was once surrounded by a brick fortification and an earthen fort ''(Garh'') with [[Levee|dikes]] filled with water. There is a ''[[Gola Ghar]]'' built in Do-chala style, for the purpose of storing ''(''gunpowder and ammunition), near the palace. | |||
[[File:Golaghar (Magazine House) of the Ahom Kings 04.jpg|thumb|[[Gola Ghar]] (Magazine House) near Talatal ]] | |||
== Archaeological Survey == | |||
Archaeological excavations of Talatal Ghar in 2000–2001, unearthed a buried structure on the North-western and North-eastern side of the complex. Among the archaeological remains were brick platform, pathway, long walls, drain made of terracotta pipes and the ceramic objects found were vases, vessels, dishes, bowls etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeological Survey of India(ASI), Guwahati Circle, Assam |url=http://asiguwahaticircle.gov.in/excavation9.html |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=asiguwahaticircle.gov.in}}</ref> | |||
The | However, the first Ground Penetrating Survey (GPR) in the northeast, undertaken at two Ahom monuments in the Sivasagar district in early April 2015, did not reveal the existence of any secret tunnel. The survey was carried out by [[IIT Kanpur]], in collaboration with the ''Guwahati'' circle of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], over a period of five days at ''Talatal Ghar'' and ''Ahom'' Royal Palace (''Kareng Ghar''), both in ''Sivasagar'' district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Ahom-monuments-have-no-hidden-tunnels-Survey/articleshow/46995148.cms|title = Ahom monuments have no hidden tunnels: Survey | Guwahati News - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> | ||
==Photo gallery== | ==Photo gallery== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:Talatal Ghar | File:TALATAL GHAR9.jpg|Remains of Brick rampart in Talatl Ghar enclosure | ||
File: | File:Kareng Ghar (Talatal Ghar) of the Ahom Kings 04.jpg|Puja Ghar and the surviving royal apartments | ||
File: | File:Kareng Ghar front view.jpg|Front view of Talatal Ghar | ||
File: | File:Kareng Ghar (Talatal Ghar) of the Ahom Kings 19.jpg|Side view of Nyay-Sodha-Phukan's Barchora | ||
File: | File:TALATAL GHAR.jpg|Inside of Talatal Ghar | ||
File: | File:Kareng Ghar (Talatal Ghar) of the Ahom Kings 13.jpg|Illusion at Talatal Ghar | ||
File:Talatal Ghar (Kareng side view).jpg|Side view of the royal chamber | |||
File:Structures at Kareng Ghar 5.jpg|Bar Chora (royal-court) | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| Line 66: | Line 74: | ||
;Bibliography | ;Bibliography | ||
* {{Citation| last=Nath | given=Hemanta Kumar | title=Arowan | publisher=Rangpur Utsav Celebration Committee, Sivasagar | year=2005}} | * {{Citation| last=Nath | given=Hemanta Kumar | title=Arowan | publisher=Rangpur Utsav Celebration Committee, Sivasagar | year=2005}} | ||
* {{cite book |last1=Gogoi |first1=Khagen |title=Ahom warfare evolution nature and strategy |date=2017 |location=Gauhati University}} | |||
* {{Citation |last1=Biswas |first1=S.S. |title=Sibsagar |date=2011}} | |||
*{{Citation| last=Gogoi | given=Prem | title= Boranjiya Parasa Rangpur | publisher= Rangpur Tinisah Basar Otjapan Samiti, Sivasagar | year=1999–2000}} | *{{Citation| last=Gogoi | given=Prem | title= Boranjiya Parasa Rangpur | publisher= Rangpur Tinisah Basar Otjapan Samiti, Sivasagar | year=1999–2000}} | ||
* {{Citation| last= Archaeological Survey Report| title= Archaeological Survey Report| publisher= Government of India, Bengal Circle| date=March 1902}} | * {{Citation| last= Archaeological Survey Report| title= Archaeological Survey Report| publisher= Government of India, Bengal Circle| date=March 1902}} | ||
* {{cite journal |year=2021 |last=Narzary |first=Dharitri |title=Buranjis and the Asian History Writing Tradition |journal=History and Sociology of South Asia |volume=15 |number=1–2 |pages=7–27 |doi=10.1177/22308075221077716|s2cid=247544118 }} | |||
* {{cite journal |last1=Konwar |first1=Paranan |title=Town Planning and Architectural Study of The Medieval Ahom Royal Palaces at Che-Hong (Gargāon) and Che-Muan (Rangpur) |date=2014}} | |||
{{Forts in India}} | {{Forts in India}} | ||
| Line 78: | Line 90: | ||
[[Category:Palaces in Assam]] | [[Category:Palaces in Assam]] | ||
[[Category:Sivasagar district]] | [[Category:Sivasagar district]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Government buildings completed in 1769]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:30, 18 March 2026
| Talatal Ghar | |
|---|---|
 View of talatal ghar from one side | |
View of talatal ghar from one side | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Mixed Architecture |
| Location | Sivasagar Assam India |
| Coordinates | 26°57′59″N 94°37′29″E / 26.9663056°N 94.6246917°E |
| Completed | 1765 |
| Client | Suremphaa or Rajeswar Singha |
| Technical details | |
| Structural system | Bricks and indigenous varieties of cement |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect | Ghanashyam Khanikar |
| Other designers | Seng Konwari |
The Talatal Ghar as) is an 18th-century palace and military base located in Rangpur, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from present-day Sivasagar, Assam, India. It is the largest of the monument built during the Ahom era. King Rudra Singha was responsible for the construction of Kareng Ghar, but the present structure was built by king Rajeswar Singha (Surempha). It was initially built as an army base. It had 2 tunnels and 3 underground floors. Currently this structure is in dilapidated condition, the present ruins betray the grandeur that the palace was once endowed with.
History[edit | edit source]
King Rudra Singha had shifted his capital from Garhgaon to Rangpur in 1707 (then known as Tengabari). He started the construction of the Talatal Ghar, but it was initially built of semi-permanent materials. He especially brought an architect from Cooch Behar, Ghanashyam,[1] whom he appointed as the chief architect and entrusted him with the duty of designing the new capital city of Rangpur. Later his successor king Rajeswar Singha constructed the Talatal Ghar with major additions in bricks. The upper floor which is currently exposed had earlier chambers made of wood, timber and other impermanent materials, which were burnt during the Moamaria rebellion, Burmese invasions and by British.[2]
The palace consisted of 7 storeys, of which 4 storeys can be seen on the ground and the other 3 storeys which were underground were sealed and filled during the British era[3][4]
Architecture and Compartments[edit | edit source]
Talatal Ghar[edit | edit source]
The Talatal Ghar was initially built as an army base. It houses two secret tunnels, and three floors below ground level which were used as exit routes during the Ahom conflicts with other kingdoms or enemy attack (and which give the structure its name).[5] At present the palace appears to be a building with irregular shape. The ground storey was used as horse stables, store rooms and, servant quarters. The royal apartments were located in the upper floors which are now to a great extent disappeared due to being made of semi-permanent materials.
(Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha) added the three floors below ground, which make up the Talatal Ghar. This is made of brick and an indigenous type of cement (a mixture of Bora Chaul—a sticky variety of rice grain—eggs of swan, etc.). The Talatal Ghar had two secret tunnels. One, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) in length, connected the Talatal Ghar to the Dikhow River, while the other, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) long, led to the Garhgaon Palace, and was used as an escape route in case of an enemy attack.[6]
Chambers and Compartments[edit | edit source]
From east to west, several rooms run along a long corridor; and from north to south are numerous smaller wings. The ground floor served as stables, store rooms, and servants' quarters. The Kareng Ghar was built mainly of wood, which deteriorated over time. The royal apartments were on the upper story, of which only a few rooms now remain, close to an octagonal room on the northern wing which once served as the prayer house. There are stairs leading up to the terrace. To the north of the staircase, there is the Mantranaghar (Conference-room) and east of it there is the Barcharā (Assembly hall) which was made of bamboo and wooden pillars near it, was the royal archives called Ghandia Bhoral under the Gandhia Baruah and Gandhia Phukan.[7] To the east there is the assembly hall of Nyay-Sodha-Phukan (Court of chief justice), to the south there is the assembly hall of Bhitarual Phukan (the secret Assembly Hall). An isolated room stands in the south which is believed to have been used by the queen during her confinement. On the south-west stands another isolated room, possibly the royal kitchen.[8][9] The interior and exterior of the palace were once beautifully engraved with reliefs of hunting scenes, floral designs, god and goddesses which only a few has survived.[10]
The Rangpur Palace was once surrounded by a brick fortification and an earthen fort (Garh) with dikes filled with water. There is a Gola Ghar built in Do-chala style, for the purpose of storing (gunpowder and ammunition), near the palace.
_of_the_Ahom_Kings_04.jpg)
Archaeological Survey[edit | edit source]
Archaeological excavations of Talatal Ghar in 2000–2001, unearthed a buried structure on the North-western and North-eastern side of the complex. Among the archaeological remains were brick platform, pathway, long walls, drain made of terracotta pipes and the ceramic objects found were vases, vessels, dishes, bowls etc.[11]
However, the first Ground Penetrating Survey (GPR) in the northeast, undertaken at two Ahom monuments in the Sivasagar district in early April 2015, did not reveal the existence of any secret tunnel. The survey was carried out by IIT Kanpur, in collaboration with the Guwahati circle of the Archaeological Survey of India, over a period of five days at Talatal Ghar and Ahom Royal Palace (Kareng Ghar), both in Sivasagar district.[12]
Photo gallery[edit | edit source]
-
Remains of Brick rampart in Talatl Ghar enclosure -
Puja Ghar and the surviving royal apartments -
Front view of Talatal Ghar -
Side view of Nyay-Sodha-Phukan's Barchora -
Inside of Talatal Ghar -
Illusion at Talatal Ghar -
Side view of the royal chamber -
Bar Chora (royal-court)
_of_the_Ahom_Kings_04.jpg)
_of_the_Ahom_Kings_19.jpg)
_of_the_Ahom_Kings_13.jpg)
.jpg)
See also[edit | edit source]
Notes and references[edit | edit source]
- Citations
- ↑ "Ghanashyam, the artisan from Bengal employed to construct the Ranghar and the Kareng of Rangpur city, was put to death after being caught red handed with a map of the city concealed between two layers of a water pot." (Gogoi 2017:71)
- ↑ "The Enigmatic Talatal Ghar: Epitomizing Ahom Glory". INDIAN CULTURE. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ↑ (Nath 2005:71–72)
- ↑ "Talatal Ghar - Kareng Ghar, Sivasagar, Rangpur, Ahom royal palace, Sibsagar, Assam, India". Onlinesivasagar.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
- ↑ (Nath 2005:72)
- ↑ (Nath 2005:72)
- ↑ "(B)uranjis were closely guarded, at least the official ones, the reason why they were kept in the Gandhia Bhoral (store house/library) under the supervision of an Ahom official called Gandhia Barua." (Narzary 2021:13)
- ↑ (Gogoi 1999–2000:27)
- ↑ (Archaeological Survey Report 1902)
- ↑ (Konwar 2014:1–13)
- ↑ "Archaeological Survey of India(ASI), Guwahati Circle, Assam". asiguwahaticircle.gov.in. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ↑ "Ahom monuments have no hidden tunnels: Survey | Guwahati News - Times of India". The Times of India.
- Bibliography
- Nath, Hemanta Kumar (2005), Arowan, Rangpur Utsav Celebration Committee, Sivasagar
- Gogoi, Khagen (2017). Ahom warfare evolution nature and strategy. Gauhati University.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Biswas, S.S. (2011), Sibsagar
- Gogoi, Prem (1999–2000), Boranjiya Parasa Rangpur, Rangpur Tinisah Basar Otjapan Samiti, Sivasagar
- Archaeological Survey Report (March 1902), Archaeological Survey Report, Government of India, Bengal Circle
- Narzary, Dharitri (2021). "Buranjis and the Asian History Writing Tradition". History and Sociology of South Asia. 15 (1–2): 7–27. doi:10.1177/22308075221077716. S2CID 247544118.
- Konwar, Paranan (2014). "Town Planning and Architectural Study of The Medieval Ahom Royal Palaces at Che-Hong (Gargāon) and Che-Muan (Rangpur)".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
