Rabi' al-Awwal: Difference between revisions

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{{Unbalanced|date=November 2021}}
{{For|the Bangladeshi politician|Rabiul Awal Kiran Khan}}
{{Infobox month
{{Short description|Third month of the Islamic calendar}}
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| calendar    = [[Islamic calendar]]
| calendar    = [[Islamic calendar]]
| num        = 3
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| days        = 29–30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent)
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{{IslamicMonths sidebar}}
{{IslamicMonths sidebar}}


'''Rabiʽ al-Awwal''' ({{lang-ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأَوَّل|Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal|lit=The initial Rabi}}, also known as '''Rabi' al-Ula''' ({{lang-ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأُولَىٰ|Rabī‘ al-ʾŪlā|lit=The first Rabi}}), or '''Rabi' I''', is the third month of the [[Islamic calendar]]. The name ''Rabī‘ al-awwal'' means "''the first month'' or ''beginning of [[Spring (season)|spring]]''", referring to its position in the [[pre-Islamic Arabia]]n calendar.
'''Rabi' al-Awwal''' ({{langx|ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأَوَّل|Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal}}), also known as '''Rabi' al-Ula''' ({{lang|ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأُولَىٰ}}, {{translit|ar|Rabīʿ al-ʾŪlā}}; {{lit|The first Rabi}}) or '''Rabi' I''', is the third month of the [[Islamic calendar]]. The name ''Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal'' means 'the first month' or 'the beginning of [[Spring (season)|spring]]', referring to its position in the [[pre-Islamic Arabia]]n calendar.
 
During this month, the majority of Muslims celebrate ''[[Mawlid]]'', the birthday of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]].{{Why|date=September 2022}} Other Muslims do not believe the celebration is evidenced as necessary or even Islamically permissible in the [[Quran]] or authentic [[Hadith]] and has evolved as an imitation of the Christian celebration of [[Jesus]]' birthday on [[Christmas]]. Although Muhammad's exact birthday is unknown,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Annemarie Schimmel|author-link1=Annemarie Schimmel|title=Deciphering the signs of God: a phenomenological approach to Islam|date=1994|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|page=69|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Eliade|editor1-first=Mircea|editor1-link=Mircea Eliade|title=The Encyclopedia of religion, Volume 9|date=1987|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9780029098004|page=292|edition=illustrated}}</ref> some Muslims believe it to have been the twelfth of this month.
 
In the days of the [[Ottoman Empire]], the name of this month in [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]] was '''Rèbi' ulèvvèl''',<ref>{{cite book|author=Youssof, R.|title=Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs|year=1890|place=Constantinople|page=[https://archive.org/details/DictionnairePortatifTurc/page/n497 479]}}</ref> with the abbreviation '''Ra'''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Youssof, R.|title=Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs|year=1890|place=Constantinople|page=[https://archive.org/details/DictionnairePortatifTurc/page/n495 476]}}</ref> In modern Turkish, it is '''Rebiülevvel'''.


==Meaning==
==Meaning==
The word "Rabi" means "[[Spring (season)|spring]]" and Al-awwal means "the first" in the [[Arabic language]], so "Rabi' al-awwal" means "the first spring" in [[Arabic]]. The name seems to have to do with the celebratory events in the month, as spring marks the end of winter (a symbol of sadness) and consequently the start of happiness. As the Islamic calendar is a purely [[lunar calendar]], the month naturally rotates over solar years, so Rabīʽ al-awwal can fall in spring or any other season. Therefore, the month cannot be related to the actual season of spring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=6355|title=المنجد في اللغة - المكتبة الوقفية للكتب المصورة PDF|website=waqfeya.net}}</ref>
The word "Rabi" means "[[Spring (season)|spring]]" and Al-awwal means "the first" in the [[Arabic language]], so "Rabi' al-awwal" means "the first spring" in [[Arabic]]. The name seems to have to do with the celebratory events in the month, as spring marks the end of winter (a symbol of sadness) and consequently the start of happiness. As the Islamic calendar is a purely [[lunar calendar]], the month naturally rotates over solar years, so Rabīʽ al-awwal can fall in spring or any other season. Therefore, the month cannot be related to the actual season of spring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=6355|title=المنجد في اللغة - المكتبة الوقفية للكتب المصورة PDF|website=waqfeya.net}}</ref>


==Celebrations==
And it's mentioned in the Arabic lexicons that Arabs add the word "month" to Rabi' al-Awwal, [[Rabi' al-Thani|Rabi' al-Akhir]] and [[Ramadan]] months only, and most of them allow adding the word "month" to the other months too.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ص162 - كتاب لسان العرب - فصل الراء - المكتبة الشاملة |url=https://shamela.ws/book/1687/3545#p1 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=shamela.ws}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=الطّراز الأوّل - ابن معصوم المدني - مکتبة مدرسة الفقاهة |url=https://ar.lib.eshia.ir/27776/8/215/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=ar.lib.eshia.ir |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ص363 - كتاب تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس - رمض - المكتبة الشاملة |url=https://shamela.ws/book/7030/9685#p1 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=shamela.ws}}</ref>
{{main|Mawlid}}
Although historians and scholars disagree on the exact date of Muhammad's birth,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww1.mysticsaint.info/?subid1=3e3a0c22-eb48-11ec-a0b3-e3a914ef935f|title=mysticsaint.info|website=ww1.mysticsaint.info}}</ref> it is celebrated by some Muslims on the 12th or 17th of Rabi' al-awwal.


However, some Muslims do not celebrate the Prophet's birthday, as neither the Prophet himself nor any of his [[Companions of the Prophet|companions]] observed any such birthday celebrations, and they do not consider it an Islamic obligation nor an act of any religious merit with any basis in the Quran or in any authentic [[Hadith]].
== Mawlid ==
 
{{excerpt|Mawlid}}
When the celebration of the Mawlid is done by Muslims, it is done differently depending on the country. In some areas, celebrations begin as early as the first of the month and can continue till the end of the month. Muslims generally put coloured lights on roads, streets, and their homes and fly green flags as well to celebrate.
 
In many countries, a procession is also conducted on the night and day of the 12th or 17th of Rabi' al-awwal. On these occasions, sweets and drinks are also distributed widely from home to home and to the general public. In some areas, Muslims also exchange gifts.


==Timing==
==Timing==
The [[Islamic calendar]] is a purely [[lunar calendar]], and months begin when the first crescent of a [[new moon]] is sighted. Since the Islamic [[lunar year]] is 11 to 12 days shorter than the [[solar year]], Rabī‘ al-Awwal migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Rabī‘ al-Awwal are as follows (based on the [[Islamic calendar#Saudi_Arabia's_Umm_al-Qura_calendar|Umm al-Qura]] calendar of Saudi Arabia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|website=webspace.science.uu.nl}}</ref>):
The [[Islamic calendar]] is a purely [[lunar calendar]], and months begin when the first crescent of a [[new moon]] is sighted. Since the Islamic [[lunar year]] is 11 to 12 days shorter than the [[solar year]], Rabī‘ al-Awwal migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Rabī‘ al-Awwal are as follows (based on the [[Islamic calendar#Saudi Arabia's Umm al-Qura calendar|Umm al-Qura]] calendar of Saudi Arabia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|website=webspace.science.uu.nl}}</ref>):


{|class=wikitable style="text-align:right"
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:right"
|+Rabī' al-Awwal dates between 2020&nbsp;and&nbsp;2024
|+Rabī' al-Awwal dates between 2024&nbsp;and&nbsp;2028
|-
|-
!scope="col"|[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]
!scope="col"|[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]
!scope="col"|First day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|First day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|Last day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|Last day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|[[Mawlid]] date ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
|-
|-
!scope="row"|1442
!scope="row"|1446
|18 October 2020
|{{0}}4 September 2024
|15 November 2020
|{{0}}3 October 2024
|15 September 2024
|-
|-
!scope="row"|1443
!scope="row"|1447
|{{0}}7 October 2021
|24 August 2025
|{{0}}5 November 2021
|22 September 2025
|{{0}}4 September 2025
|-
|-
!scope="row"|1444
!scope="row"|1448
|27 September 2022
|14 August 2026
|25 October 2022
|11 September 2026
|25 August 2026
|-
|-
!scope="row"|1445
!scope="row"|1449
|16 September 2023
|{{0}}3 August 2027
|15 October 2023
|{{0}}1 September 2027
|14 August 2027
|-
|-
!scope="row"|1446
!scope="row"|1450
|{{0}}4&nbsp;September&nbsp;2024
|23 July 2028
|{{0}}3 October 2024
|21 August 2028
|{{0}}3 August 2028
|}
|}


==Islamic events==
==Islamic events==
[[File:Mohamad shrine 9 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Masjid al-Quba]], the first mosque, was built in this month.]]
* 01 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 897 AH, the fall of the [[Emirate of Granada]], the final Muslim kingdom of [[al-Andalus]]
* 01 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 897 AH, the fall of the [[Emirate of Granada]], the final Muslim kingdom of [[al-Andalus]]
* 08 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, death of Imam Hassan Al-Askari [[Twelvers|Twelver Imām]], [[Hasan al-Askari|Hasan al-‘Askarī]] (''see: [[Chup Tazia]]'')
* 08 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, death of Imam Hassan Al-Askari [[Twelvers|Twelver Imām]], [[Hasan al-Askari|Hasan al-‘Askarī]] (''see: [[Chup Tazia]]'')
* 09 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, [[Eid e shuja]]
* 09 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, [[Eid e shuja]]
* 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, Sunni Muslims observe [[Mawlid]] in commemoration of [[Muhammad]]'s birthday
* 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, Sunni Muslims observe [[Mawlid]] in commemoration of [[Muhammad]]'s birthday
* 13 Rabi‘ al-Awwal, Death of [Umm Rubab] (beloved wife of Imam Hussain)  
* 13 Rabi‘ al-Awwal, Death of [[Rubab bint Imra al-Qais|Umm Rubab]] (beloved wife of Imam Hussain)
* 17 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, [[Shia]] celebrate the birthday of the [[Imām]] [[Ja'far al-Sadiq|Ja‘far al-Sādiq]].
* 17 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, [[Shia]] celebrate the birthday of the [[Imām]] [[Ja'far al-Sadiq|Ja‘far al-Sādiq]].
* 18 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, birth of [[Umm Kulthum bint Ali]]
* 18 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, birth of [[Umm Kulthum bint Ali]]
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* Marriage of [[Muhammad]] to [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]
* Marriage of [[Muhammad]] to [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]
* Building of the [[Quba Mosque]] (first mosque in Islam)
* Building of the [[Quba Mosque]] (first mosque in Islam)
* The week including 12th and 17th is called [[Mawlid#Islamic Unity Week|Islamic Unity Week]] in [[Iran]] to address both Sunni and Shia views on the birth date of Mohammad.<ref name="Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini">{{cite book|last1=Iranian Revolutionary Guards|first1=Institute of Islamic Studies|title=Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini|publisher=Islamic research center|location=Tehran|page=176|url=http://www.noorlib.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/5788}}</ref>
* The week including 12th and 17th is called [[Mawlid#Islamic Unity Week|Islamic Unity Week]] in [[Iran]] to address both Sunni and Shia views on the birth date of [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini">{{cite book|last1=Iranian Revolutionary Guards|first1=Institute of Islamic Studies|title=Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini|publisher=Islamic research center|location=Tehran|page=176|url=http://www.noorlib.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/5788}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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* [https://ramadanbuzz.com/eid-milad-un-nabi-quotes-wishes-images-greeting-and-status/ 12 Rabi Ul Awwal]
* [https://ramadanbuzz.com/eid-milad-un-nabi-quotes-wishes-images-greeting-and-status/ 12 Rabi Ul Awwal]
* [https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/islam_tabcal.htm Islamic-Western Calendar Converter (Based on the Arithmetical or Tabular Calendar)]
* [https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/islam_tabcal.htm Islamic-Western Calendar Converter (Based on the Arithmetical or Tabular Calendar)]
{{IslamicMonths}}
{{IslamicMonths}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rabi' Al-Awwal}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rabi' Al-Awwal}}

Latest revision as of 16:50, 28 March 2026

For the Bangladeshi politician, see Rabiul Awal Kiran Khan.

Template:Requested move notice Template:Infobox month Template:IslamicMonths sidebar

Rabi' al-Awwal (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), also known as Rabi' al-Ula (رَبِيع ٱلْأُولَىٰ, Template:Translit; lit. 'The first Rabi') or Rabi' I, is the third month of the Islamic calendar. The name Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal means 'the first month' or 'the beginning of spring', referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar.

Meaning[edit | edit source]

The word "Rabi" means "spring" and Al-awwal means "the first" in the Arabic language, so "Rabi' al-awwal" means "the first spring" in Arabic. The name seems to have to do with the celebratory events in the month, as spring marks the end of winter (a symbol of sadness) and consequently the start of happiness. As the Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, the month naturally rotates over solar years, so Rabīʽ al-awwal can fall in spring or any other season. Therefore, the month cannot be related to the actual season of spring.[1]

And it's mentioned in the Arabic lexicons that Arabs add the word "month" to Rabi' al-Awwal, Rabi' al-Akhir and Ramadan months only, and most of them allow adding the word "month" to the other months too.[2][3][4]

Mawlid[edit | edit source]

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Timing[edit | edit source]

The Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, and months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the solar year, Rabī‘ al-Awwal migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Rabī‘ al-Awwal are as follows (based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia[5]):

Rabī' al-Awwal dates between 2024 and 2028
AH First day (CE/AD) Last day (CE/AD) Mawlid date (CE/AD)
1446 04 September 2024 03 October 2024 15 September 2024
1447 24 August 2025 22 September 2025 04 September 2025
1448 14 August 2026 11 September 2026 25 August 2026
1449 03 August 2027 01 September 2027 14 August 2027
1450 23 July 2028 21 August 2028 03 August 2028

Islamic events[edit | edit source]

Masjid al-Quba, the first mosque, was built in this month.

Other events:

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "المنجد في اللغة - المكتبة الوقفية للكتب المصورة PDF". waqfeya.net.
  2. ↑ "ص162 - كتاب لسان العرب - فصل الراء - المكتبة الشاملة". shamela.ws. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
  3. ↑ "الطّراز الأوّل - ابن معصوم المدني - مکتبة مدرسة الفقاهة". ar.lib.eshia.ir (in العربية). Retrieved 2025-03-14.
  4. ↑ "ص363 - كتاب تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس - رمض - المكتبة الشاملة". shamela.ws. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
  5. ↑ "The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia". webspace.science.uu.nl.
  6. ↑ Iranian Revolutionary Guards, Institute of Islamic Studies. Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini. Tehran: Islamic research center. p. 176.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:IslamicMonths

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