Srivari Brahmotsavam: Difference between revisions

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{{Redirect|Brahmotsavam|the 2016 film|Brahmotsavam (film)|other uses|Vairamudi Brahmotsava}}
{{Short description|Annual lunar festival}}
{{More footnotes|date=March 2014}}
{{For|the principal festival|Brahmotsava}}{{More footnotes|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox holiday
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name  = Srivari Brahmotsavams <br />శ్రీవారి బ్రహ్మొత్సవములు
| holiday_name  = Srivari Brahmotsavams <br />శ్రీవారి బ్రహ్మొత్సవములు  
|type          = Religious
| type          = Religious
|image        = Lord Venkateswara on Gaja Vahanam..JPG
| image        = File:Lord Venkateswara on Gaja Vahanam..JPG
|imagesize    =
| imagesize    = 300
|caption      = [[Venkateswara]] Vishnu temple
| caption      = [[Venkateswara Temple]] in Brahmotsavams
|official_name = Sri Venkateswara Brahmotsavams
| official_name = Sri Venkateswara Brahmotsavams
|nickname      = Tirumala Brahmotsavams, Tirupati Brahmotsavams
| nickname      = Tirumala Brahmotsavams, Tirupati Brahmotsavams
|observedby    = [[Hindu]]s
| observedby    = [[Hindu]]s
|litcolor      =
| litcolor      =  
|longtype      =
| longtype      =  
|significance  =
| significance  =  
|begins        =  
| begins        =  
|ends          =
| ends          =  
|date          =
| date          =  
|scheduling    = <!-- e.g. "same day each year" -->
| scheduling    = <!-- e.g. "same day each year" -->
|duration      = Nine days
| duration      = Nine days
|frequency    = Annual
| frequency    = Annual
<!-- Use next three if holiday is the same day of the same week every year -->
<!-- Use next three if holiday is the same day of the same week every year -->| week_ordinal  = <!-- "first", "second", "last", etc. -->
|week_ordinal  = <!-- "first", "second", "last", etc. -->
| weekday      = <!-- "Sunday", "Monday", "Friday", etc. -->
|weekday      = <!-- "Sunday", "Monday", "Friday", etc. -->
| month        = <!-- "January", "February", "December", etc. -->
|month        = <!-- "January", "February", "December", etc. -->
<!-- Use next three if the date changes in an unusual pattern each year -->| date2016      = <!-- only for days that change each year -->
<!-- Use next three if the date changes in an unusual pattern each year -->
| date2017      = <!-- only for days that change each year -->
|date2016      = <!-- only for days that change each year -->
| celebrations  = The [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa]] (Shree Bhoo Sahita)(processional deity) of [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]] is taken on the morning and evening of the nine-day festival on four streets around the shrine. Celebrations include dance, music, elephants and horses.
|date2017      = <!-- only for days that change each year -->
| observances  =  
 
| relatedto    = [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]]
|celebrations  = The [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa]] (processional deity) of [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]] is taken on the morning and evening of the nine-day festival on four streets around the shrine. Celebrations include dance, music, elephants and horses.
|observances  =  
|relatedto    = [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]]
}}
}}
'''Sri Venkateswara Swami vari Brahmotsavam''' or '''Srivari Brahmotsavam''' is the most significant<ref name=svutsav1>{{cite book | title = Srivari Brahmotsavam| publisher = The Hindu | year = 1975  | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=FXZMAgAAQBAJ&q=tirupati+brahmotsavams+the+hindu&pg=PA26}}</ref> annual [[fête]] celebrated at the [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Venkateswara Temple]] in [[Tirumala]]-[[Tirupati]], [[Chittoor district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. The feast lasts for one month during the Hindu calendar month of [[Asvina|Āśvina]], which falls between the [[Gregorian calendar]] months of September and October.<ref>{{Cite news|title=8th Day of Srivari Salakatla Brahmotsavam-Aswa Vahanam on Oct 12|date=12 October 2013|newspaper=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams News|url=http://news.ttdevasthanams.com/8th-day-of-srivari-salakatla-brahmotsavam-aswa-vahanam-on-oct-12/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318182257/http://news.ttdevasthanams.com/8th-day-of-srivari-salakatla-brahmotsavam-aswa-vahanam-on-oct-12/|archive-date=18 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''Sri Venkateswara Swami Vari Brahmotsavam''' or '''Srivari Brahmotsavam'''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkataramanan |first=Geetha |date=2017-09-21 |title=Tirupati, getting ready for Brahmotsavam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/brahmotsavam-celebrations-begin-at-tirupati/article19728057.ece |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> or '''Purattasi Brahmotvasam'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tamil |first=Updated: {{!}}Samayam |title=திருமலை திருப்பதி புரட்டாசி பிரம்மோற்சவம் 2022 - முழு விபரம் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/religion/religious/tirumala-tirupati-purattasi-brahmotsavam-2022/articleshow/94449601.cms |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> is the most significant<ref name=svutsav1>{{cite book | title = Srivari Brahmotsavam| work = The Hindu | year = 1975  | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=FXZMAgAAQBAJ&q=tirupati+brahmotsavams+the+hindu&pg=PA26}}</ref> annual [[fête]] celebrated at the [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Venkateswara Temple]] in [[Tirumala]]-[[Tirupati]], [[Tirupati district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkataramanan |first=Geetha |date=2017-09-21 |title=Tirupati, getting ready for Brahmotsavam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/brahmotsavam-celebrations-begin-at-tirupati/article19728057.ece |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> which falls between the Telugu calendar of ''Aasveeyujamu'' / Tamil calendar month of ''Purattasi''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkataramanan |first=Geetha |date=2017-09-21 |title=Tirupati, getting ready for Brahmotsavam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/brahmotsavam-celebrations-begin-at-tirupati/article19728057.ece |access-date=2025-09-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and the [[Gregorian calendar]] months of September or October.<ref>{{Cite news|title=8th Day of Srivari Salakatla Brahmotsavam-Aswa Vahanam on Oct 12|date=12 October 2013|newspaper=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams News|url=http://news.ttdevasthanams.com/8th-day-of-srivari-salakatla-brahmotsavam-aswa-vahanam-on-oct-12/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318182257/http://news.ttdevasthanams.com/8th-day-of-srivari-salakatla-brahmotsavam-aswa-vahanam-on-oct-12/|archive-date=18 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>  


The ''Utsava-murti'' (processional deity) of the presiding deity, [[Venkateswara]], and his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi are taken on a procession on several ''[[vahana]]ms'' on the streets surrounding the temple. The celebration attracts pilgrims and tourists from all over India and around the world. A ''Brahmotsavam'' is a cleansing ceremony in honor of [[Brahma|Lord Brahma]], and the ceremony at Tirumala is the largest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brahmotsavam: Why is Brahmotsavam Celebrated|publisher=Ygoy|url=http://hinduism.ygoy.com/2011/08/17/brahmotsavam-why-is-brahmotsavam-celebrated/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318173943/http://hinduism.ygoy.com/2011/08/17/brahmotsavam-why-is-brahmotsavam-celebrated/|archive-date=18 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
The ''Utsava-murti'' (processional deity) of the presiding deity, [[Venkateswara]], and his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi are taken on a procession on several ''[[vahana]]ms'' on the streets surrounding the temple. The celebration attracts pilgrims and tourists from all over India and around the world. A ''Brahmotsavam'' is a cleansing ceremony in honor of [[Brahma|Lord Brahma]], and the ceremony at Tirumala is the largest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brahmotsavam: Why is Brahmotsavam Celebrated|publisher=Ygoy|url=http://hinduism.ygoy.com/2011/08/17/brahmotsavam-why-is-brahmotsavam-celebrated/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318173943/http://hinduism.ygoy.com/2011/08/17/brahmotsavam-why-is-brahmotsavam-celebrated/|archive-date=18 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The word ''Brahmotsavam'' is a combination of two [[Sanskrit]] words—''[[Brahma]]'' and ''utsavam'' (festival)—and Brahma reportedly conducted the first festival. ''Brahma'' also means "grand" or "large".<ref name="day5night1">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/brahmotsavam-celebrations-begin-at-tirupati/article19728057.ece| title=Mother of all Festivals | work=The Hindu | date=21 September 2017 | access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Srivari Brahmotsavam is also known as "Venkateswara Salakatla Brahmotsavams" and "Venkateswara Navaratri Brahmotsavams".
The word ''Brahmotsavam'' is a combination of two [[Sanskrit]] words—''[[Brahma]]'' and ''utsavam'' (festival)—and Brahma reportedly conducted the first festival. ''Brahma'' also means "grand" or "large".<ref name="day5night1">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/brahmotsavam-celebrations-begin-at-tirupati/article19728057.ece| title=Mother of all Festivals | work=The Hindu | date=21 September 2017 | access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Srivari Brahmotsavam is also known as "Venkateswara Salakatla Brahmotsavams" and "Venkateswara Navaratri Brahmotsavams".


==<span id="Two Brahmotsavam in Adhika Maas Year"></span>Two festivals==
==<span id="Two Brahmotsavam in Adhika Maas Year"></span>Two festivals==
When there is an extra month in the lunar calendar, two Brahmotsavam are held viz., Salakatla and Navarathri. Both festivals were held in 2015. 2018 and 2020.
When there is an extra month in the Telugu calendar, two Brahmotsavam are held viz., Salakatla and Navarathri. Both festivals were held in 2015, 2018, 2020 and 2023
 
'''Brahmotsavam 2024'''
 
This year, in 2024, since there is no Adhika Maasa, there will only be one Brahmotsavam, which is the annual Salakatla Brahmotsavam.  
 
The Salakatla Brahmotsavam and the Navaratri Brahmotsavam will be held together..
 
The TTD Brahmotsavam 2024 will take place from October 3 to October 12.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=TTD Brahmotsavam 2024
|url=https://tirupatibalajionline.com/tirumala-srivari-brahmotsavam-2024-dates/
|website=Tirupati Balaji Online
|access-date=25 June 2024
}}</ref>
 


In Salakatla Brahmotsavam, Rathotsavam (Big Chariot) is held on the morning of the eighth day; during Navratri Brahmotsavam, Golden Chariot (Swarna Rathotsavam) is held that morning of the eighth day. In Salakatla Brahmotsavam, there will be flag hoisting (Dwajarohanam) on 1st day and flag-lowering (Dwajaavarohanam) on the evening of the ninth day.<ref>{{cite web|last1=K|first1=Kandaswamy|title= Detailed Schedule of Brahmotsavam in Tirupati - 2 Brahmotsavam if Adhika Maas (Extra Month) comes in Lunar Calendar|url=https://skanda-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/tirupati-brahmotsavam-schedule-tirumala-salakatla-navarathri-brahmotsavam-garuda-seva-dates.html|website=Live Trend|publisher=K Kandaswamy|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref>
In Salakatla Brahmotsavam, Rathotsavam (Big Chariot) is held on the morning of the eighth day; during [[Navaratri]] Brahmotsavam, Golden Chariot (Swarna Rathotsavam) is held that morning of the eighth day. In Salakatla Brahmotsavam, there will be flag hoisting (Dwajarohanam) on 1st day and flag-lowering (Dwajaavarohanam) on the evening of the ninth day.<ref>{{cite web|last1=K|first1=Kandaswamy|title= Detailed Schedule of Brahmotsavam in Tirupati - 2 Brahmotsavam if Adhika Maas (Extra Month) comes in Lunar Calendar|url=https://skanda-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/tirupati-brahmotsavam-schedule-tirumala-salakatla-navarathri-brahmotsavam-garuda-seva-dates.html|website=Live Trend|publisher=K Kandaswamy|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref>


==<span id="Legend"></span><span id="History"></span>History and legend==
==<span id="Legend"></span><span id="History"></span>History and legend==
According to the [[legend of Tirumala]], Brahma descends to earth to conduct the festival.<ref name=svutsav1 /> ''Sri Venkteswara Sahasranamastotra'' refers to Brahma performing the festival, signified by a small, empty wooden chariot (''brahmaratham'') which moves ahead of the processions of the [[Venkateswara]] processional deity [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa]].<ref name=svutsav1 /><ref name=toi1>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Tirupati-dresses-up-for-Brahmotsavam/articleshow/24404716.cms?referral=PM| title=Tirupati dresses up for Brahmotsavam | work=Times of India | date=7 October 2002 | access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref>
According to the [[legend of Tirumala]], Brahma descends to earth to conduct the festival.<ref name=svutsav1 /> ''Sri Venkteswara Sahasranamastotra'' refers to Brahma performing the festival, signified by a small, empty wooden chariot (''brahmaratham'') which moves ahead of the processions of the [[Venkateswara]] processional deity [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa]].<ref name=svutsav1 /><ref name=toi1>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Tirupati-dresses-up-for-Brahmotsavam/articleshow/24404716.cms?referral=PM| title=Tirupati dresses up for Brahmotsavam | work=Times of India | date=7 October 2002 | access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref>


The first reference to festivals in the [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]] was in 966 CE, when the Pallava queen Samavai endowed land and ordered its revenue to celebrate festivals in the temple.{{sfn|Feminism and World Religions| 1999| p= 48}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2019}}<ref name=svutsav1 /> Until 1582, Brahmotsavams were held as often as 12 times a year.<ref name=svutsav1 />
The first reference to festivals in the [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]] was in 966 CE, when the Pallava queen Samavai endowed land and ordered its revenue to celebrate festivals in the temple.{{sfn|Sharma|Young|1999|p=48}}<ref name=svutsav1 /> Until 1582, Brahmotsavams were held as often as 12 times a year.<ref name=svutsav1 />


==<span id="Celebration"></span>Celebrations==
==<span id="Celebration"></span>Celebrations==
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{{glossary}}
{{glossary}}
{{term|Dwajarohanam}}
{{term|Dwajarohanam}}
{{defn|A ceremony on the first day, when a flag with a picture of [[Garuda]] (the [[Vahana|vehicle]] of [[Vishnu]]) is hoisted over the temple.<ref name=day1>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tirumala-brahmotsavam-begins/article5205431.ece | title=Tirumala Brahmotsavam begins | work=The Hindu | date=6 October 2006 | access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> The flag is believed to be a symbolic invitation to the [[Hindu deities]] to attend the festival.<ref name=day1 /> After the ceremony, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] [[chief minister]] offers new silk clothes to [[Venkateswara]].<ref name=day1cm>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ttd-gearing-up-for-brahmotsavams/article19212171.ece| title=TTD gearing up for Brahmotsavams | work=The Hindu | date=5 July 2017 | access-date=25 July 2017}}</ref>}}
{{defn|A ceremony on the first day, when a flag with a picture of [[Garuda]] (the [[Vahana|vehicle]] of [[Vishnu]]) is hoisted over the temple.<ref name=day1>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tirumala-brahmotsavam-begins/article5205431.ece | title=Tirumala Brahmotsavam begins | work=The Hindu | date=6 October 2006 | access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> The flag is believed to be a symbolic invitation to the [[Hindu deities]] to attend the festival.<ref name=day1 /> After the ceremony, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] [[chief minister]] offers new silk clothes to [[Venkateswara]].<ref name=day1cm>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ttd-gearing-up-for-brahmotsavams/article19212171.ece| title=TTD gearing up for Brahmotsavams | work=The Hindu | date=5 July 2017 | access-date=25 July 2017}}</ref>}}
 
{{term|Pedda Shesha Vahanam}}
{{defn|On the evening of the first day, The processional deity of Sri [[Malayappa Swami]] is carried on a Seven - hooded golden Pedda Shesha Vahanam. The serpent represents [[Adisesha]], the divine serpent that serves as the couch of [[Lord Vishnu]]. The vahana symbolizes the universe's support and balance, as Shesha is believed to hold the world.}}
 
{{term|Chinna Shesha Vahanam}}
{{defn|On the morning of the second day, The processional deity of Sri [[Malayappa Swami]], donning the role of [[Sri Krishna]], will be taken for a pleasure ride on the five - hooded golden Chinna Sesha vahanam in all his majestic display of power and strength. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.tirumala.org/malayappa-as-sri-krishna-takes-ride-on-chinna-sesha-vahanam|title=MALAYAPPA AS SRI KRISHNA TAKES RIDE ON CHINNA SESHA VAHANAM – TTD News|website=TTD News}}</ref>}}
 
{{term|Hamsa Vahanam}}
{{defn|On the evening of the second day, The processional deity of Sri [[Malayappa Swami]], will be taken around for a ride on a golden swan. The [[swan]] symbolizes purity, knowledge, and wisdom. It is said that [[Lord Vishnu]] himself took the form of a swan in ancient mythology, and this procession is a reminder of divine wisdom and enlightenment. It is also associated with the goddess of knowledge - [[Saraswati]], and the creator god - [[Brahma]], who is often depicted riding a swan.}}
 
{{term|Garuda Vahanam}}
{{term|Garuda Vahanam}}
{{defn|On the evening of the fifth day, Venkateswara and Garuda are carried in a procession and decorated with garlands of flowers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.tirumala.org/andal-mala-presented-to-lord-venkateswara-in-tirumala|title=Andal Mala Presented to Lord Venkateswara in Tirumala|access-date=18 December 2019|date=29 September 2014|website=TTD News}}</ref> Every year, the Tirupati Venkateswara garland is sent to the Srivilliputtur Andal Temple for the marriage festival of Andal.<ref name="sri">{{cite web|url=http://www.srivilliputtur.co.in/srivilliputtur_andal_temple.html|title=Srivilliputtur Andal Temple|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024095724/http://www.srivilliputtur.co.in/srivilliputtur_andal_temple.html|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{defn|On the evening of the fifth day, Venkateswara and Garuda are carried in a procession and decorated with garlands of flowers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.tirumala.org/andal-mala-presented-to-lord-venkateswara-in-tirumala|title=Andal Mala Presented to Lord Venkateswara in Tirumala|access-date=18 December 2019|date=29 September 2014|website=TTD News}}</ref> Every year, the Tirupati Venkateswara garland is sent to the Srivilliputtur Andal Temple for the marriage festival of Andal.<ref name="sri">{{cite web|url=http://www.srivilliputtur.co.in/srivilliputtur_andal_temple.html|title=Srivilliputtur Andal Temple|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024095724/http://www.srivilliputtur.co.in/srivilliputtur_andal_temple.html|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=usurped}}</ref>}}
{{term|Hanumantha Vahanam}}
{{term|Hanumantha Vahanam}}
{{defn|On the morning of the sixth day morning, Venkateswara and [[Hanuman]] are taken out in procession.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Srivari Salakatla Brahmotsavam - Hanumantha Vahanam|date=10 October 2013|newspaper=Indian New Times 24X7|url=http://www.indiannewstimes.in/srivari-salakatla-brahmotsavam-hanumantha-vahanam/|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OAjRtIhe?url=http://www.indiannewstimes.in/srivari-salakatla-brahmotsavam-hanumantha-vahanam/|archive-date=18 March 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}
{{defn|On the morning of the sixth day morning, Venkateswara and [[Hanuman]] are taken out in procession.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Srivari Salakatla Brahmotsavam - Hanumantha Vahanam|date=10 October 2013|newspaper=Indian New Times 24X7|url=http://www.indiannewstimes.in/srivari-salakatla-brahmotsavam-hanumantha-vahanam/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318215142/http://www.indiannewstimes.in/srivari-salakatla-brahmotsavam-hanumantha-vahanam/|archive-date=18 March 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}
{{term|Chakra Snanam}}
{{term|Chakra Snanam}}
{{defn|On the morning of the ninth day, the [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa]], his two [[Queen consort|consort]]s and the [[Sudarshana Chakra]] are carried in procession to the [[Varahaswamy Temple, Tirumala|Varahaswamy Temple]].<ref name=day9m>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/grand-finale-to-tirumala-brahmotsavam/article2518756.ece| title=Grand finale to Tirumala Brahmotsavam | work=The Hindu | date=8 October 2011 | access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> After the [[abhishekam]] and presentation of food offerings, the Sudarshana Chakra and its devotees are bathed in the temple tank.<ref name=day9m />}}  
{{defn|On the morning of the ninth day, the [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa]], his two [[Queen consort|consort]]s and the [[Sudarshana Chakra]] are carried in procession to the [[Varahaswamy Temple, Tirumala|Varahaswamy Temple]].<ref name=day9m>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/grand-finale-to-tirumala-brahmotsavam/article2518756.ece| title=Grand finale to Tirumala Brahmotsavam | work=The Hindu | date=8 October 2011 | access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> After the [[abhishekam]] and presentation of food offerings, the Sudarshana Chakra and its devotees are bathed in the temple tank.<ref name=day9m />}}  
{{glossary end}}
{{glossary end}}






==<span id="Vahanams"></span>Processions==
==Procedure==
<gallery mode=packed heights=170px>
*First day
File:Pedasesha Vahanam.jpg|alt=Idol surrounded by men|Pedda Sesha Vahanam
**Morning : '''Dwajarohanam''' [The official commencement of the [[Brahmotsava]]]
File:Malayappa in Chinnasesha Vahanam.jpg|alt=Similar idol, also surrounded by men|Chinna Sesha Vahanam
**Evening : '''Pedda Shesha Vahanam''' [Seven hooded [[Adishesha]]]
File:Malayappa in hamsa vahanam.jpg|alt=Idol holding a musical instrument|Hamsa vahanam
*Second day
File:Malayappa in mutyala pandiri vahanam.jpg|alt=Idol surrounded by his two consorts|Mutyala PandiriVahanam
**Morning : '''Chinna Shesha Vahanam''' [Fived hooded [[Vasuki]]] [[File:Malayappa in Chinnasesha Vahanam.jpg|thumb|Chinna Sesha Vahanam|300px]]
File:Malayappa in kalpavriksham vahanam.jpg|alt=The idol as a tree|Kalpa Vruksha Vahanam
**Evening : '''Hamsa Vahanam''' [Golden [[Swan]]] [[File:Malayappa in hamsa vahanam.jpg|thumb| Hamsa vahanam|300px]]
File:Malayappa in swarnarathotsavam.jpg|alt=Large, decorated structure|Swarna Rathotsavam
*Third day
</gallery>
**Morning : '''Simha Vahanam''' [Golden [[Lion]]]
**Evening : '''Muthuyapu Pandiri Vahanam''' [Pearl-studded Palanquin][[File:Malayappa in mutyala pandiri vahanam.jpg|thumb|Mutyala pandiri vahanam|300px]]
*Forth day
**Morning : '''Kalpavriksha Vahanam''' [Wish-fulfilling Tree] [[File:Malayappa in kalpavriksham vahanam.jpg|thumb|Kalpa Vruksha Vahanam|300px]]
**Evening : '''sarva bhoopala Vahanam''' [Carried as Ruler of the world][[File:Malayappa in sarvabhoopala vahanam.jpg|thumb|sarvabhoopala vahanam|300px]]
*Fifth day
**Morning :'''Mohini Avatharam''' [Mohini]
**Evening :'''Garuda Vahanam''' [Eagle - [[Garuda]]]
*Sixth day
**Morning : '''Hanumantha Vahanam''' [Lord [[Hanuman]]], '''Vasanthotsavam'''
**Pre Evening : '''Swarana Rathotsavam''' [Golden Chariot][[File:Malayappa in swarnarathotsavam.jpg|thumb| Swarna Rathotsavam [Golden Chariot]|300px]]
**Evening :'''Gaja Vahanam''' [Golden [[Elephant]]]
 
*Seventh day
**Morning :'''Surya Prabha Vahanam''' [Sun - [[Surya]]]
**Evening :'''Chandra Prabha Vahanam''' [Moon - [[Chandra]]]
*Eighth day
**Morning :'''Rathotsavam''' [Big Chariot]
**Evening :'''Aswa Vahanam''' [Golden [[Horse]]]
*Ninth day
**Morning :'''Pallaki utsavam''' [Palanquin], '''Chakra snanam''' [Bath of [[Sudarshana Chakra|Vishnu Chakra]]]
**Evening :'''Dwaja avarohanam''' [The closing ritual of [[Brahmotsava]]]


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Venkateswara]]
* [[Venkateswara]]
* [[Rath Yatra]]
* [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
* [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
 
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Sharma |editor1-first=Arvind |editor2-last=Young |editor2-first=Katherine K. |date=1999 |title=Feminism and World Religions |location=Albany |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=0-7914-4023-0 }}
* {{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-10-07/hyderabad/27302532_1_tirumala-temple-lord-venkateswara-goddess-padmavathi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014095333/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-10-07/hyderabad/27302532_1_tirumala-temple-lord-venkateswara-goddess-padmavathi|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 October 2012|title=Tirupati dresses up for Brahmotsavam|date=6 October 2002|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 December 2019}}
* {{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-10-07/hyderabad/27302532_1_tirumala-temple-lord-venkateswara-goddess-padmavathi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014095333/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-10-07/hyderabad/27302532_1_tirumala-temple-lord-venkateswara-goddess-padmavathi|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 October 2012|title=Tirupati dresses up for Brahmotsavam|date=6 October 2002|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 December 2019}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/crafts-mela-to-coincide-with-brahmotsavam/article27977498.ece|title=Crafts mela to coincide with Brahmotsavam|date=17 September 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=18 December 2019}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/crafts-mela-to-coincide-with-brahmotsavam/article27977498.ece|title=Crafts mela to coincide with Brahmotsavam|date=17 September 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=18 December 2019}}
Line 91: Line 133:
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217203559/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/10/stories/2005101003630200.htm The Hindu reports on Brahmotsavam]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217203559/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/10/stories/2005101003630200.htm The Hindu reports on Brahmotsavam]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020808060042/http://www.tirumala.org/utsavams.htm The temple's official page on the festival]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020808060042/http://www.tirumala.org/utsavams.htm The temple's official page on the festival]
*{{Commons category-inline|Srivari Brahmotsavam}}


{{Tirupati topics}}
{{Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala}}{{Tirupati topics}}


[[Category:Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:September events]]
[[Category:September]]
[[Category:October events]]
[[Category:October]]
[[Category:Tirumala festivals]]
[[Category:Tirumala festivals]]
[[Category:Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
[[Category:Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
[[Category:Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]]
[[Category:Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]]
[[Category:Tirupati]]
[[Category:Tirupati]]

Latest revision as of 06:17, 9 December 2025


For the principal festival, see Brahmotsava.

Srivari Brahmotsavams
శ్రీవారి బ్రహ్మొత్సవములు
Venkateswara Temple in Brahmotsavams
Official nameSri Venkateswara Brahmotsavams
Also calledTirumala Brahmotsavams, Tirupati Brahmotsavams
Observed byHindus
CelebrationsThe Malayappa (Shree Bhoo Sahita)(processional deity) of Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala is taken on the morning and evening of the nine-day festival on four streets around the shrine. Celebrations include dance, music, elephants and horses.
FrequencyAnnual
Related toVenkateswara Temple, Tirumala

Sri Venkateswara Swami Vari Brahmotsavam or Srivari Brahmotsavam[1] or Purattasi Brahmotvasam[2] is the most significant[3] annual fête celebrated at the Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala-Tirupati, Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, India.[4] which falls between the Telugu calendar of Aasveeyujamu / Tamil calendar month of Purattasi[5] and the Gregorian calendar months of September or October.[6]

The Utsava-murti (processional deity) of the presiding deity, Venkateswara, and his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi are taken on a procession on several vahanams on the streets surrounding the temple. The celebration attracts pilgrims and tourists from all over India and around the world. A Brahmotsavam is a cleansing ceremony in honor of Lord Brahma, and the ceremony at Tirumala is the largest.[7]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The word Brahmotsavam is a combination of two Sanskrit words—Brahma and utsavam (festival)—and Brahma reportedly conducted the first festival. Brahma also means "grand" or "large".[8] Srivari Brahmotsavam is also known as "Venkateswara Salakatla Brahmotsavams" and "Venkateswara Navaratri Brahmotsavams".

Two festivals[edit | edit source]

When there is an extra month in the Telugu calendar, two Brahmotsavam are held viz., Salakatla and Navarathri. Both festivals were held in 2015, 2018, 2020 and 2023

Brahmotsavam 2024

This year, in 2024, since there is no Adhika Maasa, there will only be one Brahmotsavam, which is the annual Salakatla Brahmotsavam.

The Salakatla Brahmotsavam and the Navaratri Brahmotsavam will be held together..

The TTD Brahmotsavam 2024 will take place from October 3 to October 12.[9]


In Salakatla Brahmotsavam, Rathotsavam (Big Chariot) is held on the morning of the eighth day; during Navaratri Brahmotsavam, Golden Chariot (Swarna Rathotsavam) is held that morning of the eighth day. In Salakatla Brahmotsavam, there will be flag hoisting (Dwajarohanam) on 1st day and flag-lowering (Dwajaavarohanam) on the evening of the ninth day.[10]

History and legend[edit | edit source]

According to the legend of Tirumala, Brahma descends to earth to conduct the festival.[3] Sri Venkteswara Sahasranamastotra refers to Brahma performing the festival, signified by a small, empty wooden chariot (brahmaratham) which moves ahead of the processions of the Venkateswara processional deity Malayappa.[3][11]

The first reference to festivals in the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple was in 966 CE, when the Pallava queen Samavai endowed land and ordered its revenue to celebrate festivals in the temple.[12][3] Until 1582, Brahmotsavams were held as often as 12 times a year.[3]

Celebrations[edit | edit source]

The Brahmotsavam is held over nine days at the beginning of the Hindu calendar month of Āśvina, paralleling Navaratri. The evening before the first day, the rite of Ankurarpana (the sowing of seeds to signify fertility and abundance) is performed. The main first-day activity is Dwajarohana, the raising of the Garuda flag to signify the beginning of the festival. Religious activities during the festival include daily homas and processions on streets surrounding the temple. The final day commemorates Venkateswara's birth star. The Sudarshana Chakra is bathed in the temple tank with the devotees. The Chakra is then placed on a high platform, and the devotees walk under it and are blessed with its dripping water. The festival ends with Dhvajavarohanam, the lowering of the Garuda flag.

Dwajarohanam
A ceremony on the first day, when a flag with a picture of Garuda (the vehicle of Vishnu) is hoisted over the temple.[13] The flag is believed to be a symbolic invitation to the Hindu deities to attend the festival.[13] After the ceremony, the Andhra Pradesh chief minister offers new silk clothes to Venkateswara.[14]
Pedda Shesha Vahanam
On the evening of the first day, The processional deity of Sri Malayappa Swami is carried on a Seven - hooded golden Pedda Shesha Vahanam. The serpent represents Adisesha, the divine serpent that serves as the couch of Lord Vishnu. The vahana symbolizes the universe's support and balance, as Shesha is believed to hold the world.
Chinna Shesha Vahanam
On the morning of the second day, The processional deity of Sri Malayappa Swami, donning the role of Sri Krishna, will be taken for a pleasure ride on the five - hooded golden Chinna Sesha vahanam in all his majestic display of power and strength. [15]
Hamsa Vahanam
On the evening of the second day, The processional deity of Sri Malayappa Swami, will be taken around for a ride on a golden swan. The swan symbolizes purity, knowledge, and wisdom. It is said that Lord Vishnu himself took the form of a swan in ancient mythology, and this procession is a reminder of divine wisdom and enlightenment. It is also associated with the goddess of knowledge - Saraswati, and the creator god - Brahma, who is often depicted riding a swan.
Garuda Vahanam
On the evening of the fifth day, Venkateswara and Garuda are carried in a procession and decorated with garlands of flowers.[16] Every year, the Tirupati Venkateswara garland is sent to the Srivilliputtur Andal Temple for the marriage festival of Andal.[17]
Hanumantha Vahanam
On the morning of the sixth day morning, Venkateswara and Hanuman are taken out in procession.[18]
Chakra Snanam
On the morning of the ninth day, the Malayappa, his two consorts and the Sudarshana Chakra are carried in procession to the Varahaswamy Temple.[19] After the abhishekam and presentation of food offerings, the Sudarshana Chakra and its devotees are bathed in the temple tank.[19]


Procedure[edit | edit source]

  • First day
    • Morning : Dwajarohanam [The official commencement of the Brahmotsava]
    • Evening : Pedda Shesha Vahanam [Seven hooded Adishesha]
  • Second day
    • Morning : Chinna Shesha Vahanam [Fived hooded Vasuki]
      Chinna Sesha Vahanam
    • Evening : Hamsa Vahanam [Golden Swan]
      Hamsa vahanam
  • Third day
    • Morning : Simha Vahanam [Golden Lion]
    • Evening : Muthuyapu Pandiri Vahanam [Pearl-studded Palanquin]
      Mutyala pandiri vahanam
  • Forth day
    • Morning : Kalpavriksha Vahanam [Wish-fulfilling Tree]
      Kalpa Vruksha Vahanam
    • Evening : sarva bhoopala Vahanam [Carried as Ruler of the world]
      sarvabhoopala vahanam
  • Fifth day
    • Morning :Mohini Avatharam [Mohini]
    • Evening :Garuda Vahanam [Eagle - Garuda]
  • Sixth day
    • Morning : Hanumantha Vahanam [Lord Hanuman], Vasanthotsavam
    • Pre Evening : Swarana Rathotsavam [Golden Chariot]
      Swarna Rathotsavam [Golden Chariot]
    • Evening :Gaja Vahanam [Golden Elephant]
  • Seventh day
    • Morning :Surya Prabha Vahanam [Sun - Surya]
    • Evening :Chandra Prabha Vahanam [Moon - Chandra]
  • Eighth day
    • Morning :Rathotsavam [Big Chariot]
    • Evening :Aswa Vahanam [Golden Horse]
  • Ninth day
    • Morning :Pallaki utsavam [Palanquin], Chakra snanam [Bath of Vishnu Chakra]
    • Evening :Dwaja avarohanam [The closing ritual of Brahmotsava]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Venkataramanan, Geetha (21 September 2017). "Tirupati, getting ready for Brahmotsavam". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  2. ↑ Tamil, Updated: |Samayam. "திருமலை திருப்பதி புரட்டாசி பிரம்மோற்சவம் 2022 - முழு விபரம்". Samayam Tamil (in தமிழ்). Retrieved 14 September 2025. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Srivari Brahmotsavam. 1975. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Venkataramanan, Geetha (21 September 2017). "Tirupati, getting ready for Brahmotsavam". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  5. ↑ Venkataramanan, Geetha (21 September 2017). "Tirupati, getting ready for Brahmotsavam". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 September 2025.
  6. ↑ "8th Day of Srivari Salakatla Brahmotsavam-Aswa Vahanam on Oct 12". Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams News. 12 October 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014.
  7. ↑ "Brahmotsavam: Why is Brahmotsavam Celebrated". Ygoy. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014.
  8. ↑ "Mother of all Festivals". The Hindu. 21 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  9. ↑ "TTD Brahmotsavam 2024". Tirupati Balaji Online. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  10. ↑ K, Kandaswamy. "Detailed Schedule of Brahmotsavam in Tirupati - 2 Brahmotsavam if Adhika Maas (Extra Month) comes in Lunar Calendar". Live Trend. K Kandaswamy. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  11. ↑ "Tirupati dresses up for Brahmotsavam". Times of India. 7 October 2002. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  12. ↑ Sharma & Young 1999, p. 48.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Tirumala Brahmotsavam begins". The Hindu. 6 October 2006. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  14. ↑ "TTD gearing up for Brahmotsavams". The Hindu. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  15. ↑ "MALAYAPPA AS SRI KRISHNA TAKES RIDE ON CHINNA SESHA VAHANAM – TTD News". TTD News.
  16. ↑ "Andal Mala Presented to Lord Venkateswara in Tirumala". TTD News. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  17. ↑ "Srivilliputtur Andal Temple". Archived from the original on 24 October 2019.
  18. ↑ "Srivari Salakatla Brahmotsavam - Hanumantha Vahanam". Indian New Times 24X7. 10 October 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Grand finale to Tirumala Brahmotsavam". The Hindu. 8 October 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2017.

Sources[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

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