| title = [[Shahzada (title)|Shahzada]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]<br>[[Mirza (name)|Mirza]]<ref>[http://dawn.com/2011/01/02/past-present-emperors-new-names/ Mughal title ''Mirza''], the title of Mirza and not Khan or Padshah, which were the titles of the Mongol rulers. <br> Timurid Prince</ref>
'''Muhammad Murad Bakhsh''' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|مُحمّد مُراد بخش}}}}),
'''Mirza Muhammad Murad Bakhsh''' (9 October 1624 – 14 December 1661)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/families/mughal.html |title=DELHI (Mughal Empire) |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101062724/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/families/mughal.html |archive-date=1 January 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> was a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince and the youngest surviving son of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] and Empress [[Mumtaz Mahal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_437.gif |title=The Indian Empire – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, p. 402. |access-date=10 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102032434/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_437.gif |archive-date=2 November 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was the [[Subahdar]] of [[Balkh]], until he was replaced by his elder brother [[Aurangzeb]] in the year 1647.
(9 October 1624 – 14 December 1661<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/families/mughal.html |title=DELHI (Mughal Empire) |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101062724/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/families/mughal.html |archive-date=1 January 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) was a Mughal prince and the youngest surviving son of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] and Empress [[Mumtaz Mahal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_437.gif |title=The Indian Empire - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, p. 402. |access-date=10 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102032434/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_437.gif |archive-date=2 November 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was the [[Subedar]] of [[Balkh]], till he was replaced by his elder brother [[Aurangzeb]] in the year 1647.
==Family==
==Family==
Muhammad Murad Bakhsh was born on 9 October 1624, at the [[Rohtasgarh Fort]] in [[Bihar]], as the sixth and youngest surviving son of Emperor Shah Jahan and his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Murad's siblings included his two politically powerful sisters, the princesses [[Jahanara Begum]] and [[Roshanara Begum]], as well as the [[heir-apparent]] to his father, his eldest brother, Crown Prince [[Dara Shikoh]] and the future Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].
Muhammad Murad Bakhsh was born on 9 October 1624, at the [[Rohtasgarh Fort]] in [[Bihar]], as the sixth and youngest surviving son of Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife, [[Mumtaz Mahal]].{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}} Murad's siblings included his two politically powerful sisters, the princesses [[Jahanara Begum]] and [[Roshanara Begum]], as well as the [[heir-apparent]] to his father, his eldest brother, Crown Prince [[Dara Shikoh]] and the future [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}
==Personal life==
==Personal life==
In 1638, Murad Bakhsh, at the age of fourteen years, married the [[Safavid]] princess, Sakina Banu Begum, daughter of [[Shah Nawaz Khan Safavi]]. She was the younger sister of his elder sister-in-law, [[Dilras Banu Begum]], who was Aurangzeb's wife.<ref name=Hansen>{{cite book|title=The Peacock Throne: The Drama of Mogul India|last=Waldemar|first= Hansen|year=1986| publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|page=124}}</ref>
In 1638, Murad Bakhsh, at the age of fourteen years, married the [[Safavid]] princess, [[Sakina Banu Begum]], daughter of [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi|Shah Nawaz Khan Safavi]]. She was the younger sister of his elder sister-in-law, [[Dilras Banu Begum]], who was [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb's]] wife.<ref name=Hansen>{{cite book|title=The Peacock Throne: The Drama of Mogul India|last=Waldemar|first= Hansen|year=1986| publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|page=124}}</ref>
==Governorship==
==Governorship==
He was appointed as the [[Subadar]] of [[Multan]] (1642), of [[Balkh]] (16 February 1646 to 9 August 1646), of Kashmir (20 August 1647 to July 1648), of [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] (25 July 1648 to 14 September 1649), and [[Kabul]] (23 January 1650 to 1654), of Gujarat (March 1654), and [[Malwa]].
[[File:Mogul- Murad Bakhsh - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548598.jpg|thumb|Coin of Mirza Murad Bakhsh]]
He was appointed as the [[Subadar]] of [[Multan]] (1642), of [[Balkh]] (16 February 1646 to 9 August 1646), of [[Kashmir]] (20 August 1647 to July 1648), of [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] (25 July 1648 to 14 September 1649), and [[Kabul]] (23 January 1650 to 1654), of [[Gujarat]] (March 1654), and [[Malwa]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Peshawar, Pakistan, 1980 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50 |work=Crossing the River Kabul |pages=153–155 |access-date=2023-12-24 |publisher=Potomac Books|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
===Courtiers===
===Courtiers===
{{unreferenced section|date= October 2022}}
* Raja Aman Khan Bahadur – Died in 1661, Mewat
* Raja Aman Khan Bahadur – Died in 1661, Mewat
* Darar Khan – Died 1673, Mewat
* Darar Khan – Died 1673, [[Mewat]]
* Muhammad Rustam Shaikh – Died 1648, Deccan.
* Muhammad Rustam Shaikh – Died 1648, Deccan.
* Muhammad Allahauddin Shaikh – Died 1655. He was brother of Rustam Shaikh.
* Muhammad Allahauddin Shaikh – Died 1655. He was brother of Rustam Shaikh.
* Miah Khan – Died 1653, Deccan.
* Miah Khan – Died 1653, Deccan.
* Rajkumar Hariram Singh – 1622–1678(56), The Deputy of Murad Baksh from 1646-1651. He was second son of Raja Gaj Singh of Nagpur and the brother of Raja Amar Singh of Nagpur
* Rajkumar Hariram Singh – 1622–1678(56), The Deputy of Murad Baksh from 1646 to 1651. He was second son of Raja Gaj Singh of Nagpur and the brother of Raja Amar Singh of Nagpur
* Rajkumar Veer Singh – 1636–1680(44), Eldest son of Amar Singh of Nagpur.
* [[File:Portrait of Murad Bakhsh.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Mirza Murad Bakhsh by [[Balchand]].]]Rajkumar Veer Singh – 1636–1680(44), Eldest son of Amar Singh of [[Nagpur]].
==War of succession==
==War of succession==
[[File:Racinet1878.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Murad Baksh, younger brother of Aurangzeb]]
{{See also|Mughal war of succession (1658–1659)}}
On 30 November 1657, he proclaimed himself emperor at [[Ahmedabad]], after reports that his father was ill. During the same year, he received the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] ambassador [[Manzada Husain Agha]], who arrived in the port of [[Surat]] and was on his way to meet [[Shah Jahan]] in [[Agra]]. Manzada Husain Agha mentions his disappointment regarding the wars between [[Shah Jahan]]'s sons.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uB1uAAAAMAAJ|title=Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748|last=Farooqi|first=Naimur Rahman|date=1989-01-01|publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli|language=en}}</ref>
Murad Bakhsh joined hands with [[Aurangzeb]] to defeat [[Dara Shikhoh]], the eldest son of Shah Jahan. In fact, it was the ferocious charge led by Murad Bakhsh and his [[Sowar]]s that eventually turned the outcome of the battle in favor of Aurangzeb during the [[Battle of Samugarh]].
On 30 November 1657, he proclaimed himself emperor at [[Ahmedabad]], after reports that his father was ill. During the same year, he received the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] ambassador [[Manzada Husain Agha]], who arrived in the port of [[Surat]] and was on his way to meet [[Shah Jahan]] in [[Agra]]. Manzar Hussain Agha mentions his disappointment regarding the wars between [[Shah Jahan]]'s sons.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uB1uAAAAMAAJ|title=Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748|last=Farooqi|first=Naimur Rahman|date=1989-01-01|publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli|language=en}}</ref>
On 7 July 1658, while he was in a tent with his brother Aurangzeb, he was intoxicated, secretly sent to the prison and transferred to [[Gwalior Fort]] from January 1659.
Murad Bakhsh joined hands with [[Aurangzeb]] to defeat [[Dara Shikhoh]], the eldest son of Shah Jahan. In fact, it was the ferocious charge led by Murad Bakhsh and his [[Sowar]]s that eventually turned the outcome of the battle in favor of Aurangzeb during the [[Battle of Samugarh]].{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
He faced a trial that sentenced him to death for having murdered former [[Divan|Diwan]] clerk named Ali Naqi, in 1661. Aurangzeb then replaced Murad Bakhsh as the [[Subedar]] of [[Gujarat]], and placed Inayat Khan as the new Mughal commander of [[Surat]].
On 7 July 1658, while he was in a tent with his brother Aurangzeb, he was intoxicated, secretly sent to the prison and transferred to [[Gwalior Fort]] from January 1659.<ref>{{cite book |title=Storia Do Mogor |isbn=9781141894567}} {{full citation needed|date=November 2023}}</ref>
==Military promotions==
He faced a trial that sentenced him to death for having murdered former [[Divan|Diwan]] clerk named Ali Naqi, in 1661. Aurangzeb then replaced Murad Bakhsh as the [[Subedar]] of [[Gujarat]], and placed Inayat Khan as the new [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] commander of [[Surat]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Flores |first1=Jorge |last2=Subrahmanyam |first2=Sanjay |date=2004 |title=The Shadow Sultan: Succession and Imposture in the Mughal Empire, 1628-1640 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25165022 |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=80–121 |doi=10.1163/156852004323069402 |jstor=25165022 |issn=0022-4995|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* 1642 – 5,000{{clarify|date=December 2019}}
* 1646 – 9,000{{clarify|date=December 2019}}
* 1648 – 11,000{{clarify|date=December 2019}}
* 1656 – 30,000{{clarify|date=December 2019}}
* 1658 – 33,000{{clarify|date=December 2019}}
==Death==
==Death==
On 14 December 1661, after spending three years in prison, he was executed at [[Gwalior Fort]].<ref>The Rediscovery of India: A New Subcontinent - Ansar Hussain Khan</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=80201017&ct=34 |title=Sháh-Jahán-námas - The History of India |access-date=13 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231344/http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=80201017&ct=34 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> With the last of his brothers now dead, Aurangzeb was the undisputed emperor of the [[Mughal Empire]].
On 14 December 1661, after spending three years in prison, he was executed at [[Gwalior Fort]].<ref>The Rediscovery of India: A New Subcontinent – Ansar Hussain Khan</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=80201017&ct=34 |title=Sháh-Jahán-námas – The History of India |access-date=13 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231344/http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=80201017&ct=34 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> With the last of his brothers now dead, Aurangzeb was the undisputed emperor of the [[Mughal Empire]].{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
|2= 2. [[Shah Jahan|Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Mughal Emperor]]<ref>Kobita Sarker, ''Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth: the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals'' (2007), p. 187</ref>
|2= 2. [[Shah Jahan|Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Mughal Emperor]]<ref name="Kobita">{{cite book |first=Kobita |last=Sarker |title=Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth: the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals |year=2007 |page=187}}</ref>
|4= 4. [[Jahangir|Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]]<ref>Jl Mehta, ''Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India'' (1986), p. 418</ref>
|4= 4. [[Jahangir|Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]]<ref name="Mehta">{{cite book |first=J.l. |last=Mehta |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |year=1986 |page=418}}</ref>
|6= 6. [[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]<ref>Frank W. Thackeray, John E. Findling, ''Events That Formed the Modern World'' (2012), p. 254</ref>
|6= 6. [[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]<ref name="Thackeray">{{cite book |first1=Frank W. |last1=Thackeray |first2=John E. |last2=Findling |title=Events That Formed the Modern World |year=2012 |page=254}}</ref>
|10= 10. [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]], Raja of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]<ref>Soma Mukherjee, ''Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions'' (2001), p. 128</ref>
|10= 10. [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]], Raja of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]<ref name="Mukerjee">{{cite book |first=Soma |last=Mukherjee |title=Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions |publisher=Gyan Books |year=2001 |page=128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v-2TyjzZhZEC |isbn=978-8-121-20760-7 }}</ref>
|11=11. Manrang Devi of [[Gwalior]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Mukherjee|2001|p=128}}</ref>
|11=11. Manrang Devi of [[Gwalior]]<ref name="Mukerjee"/>
|12= 12. [[Mirza Ghiyas Beg|I'timad-ud-Daulah]]<ref>Subhash Parihar, ''Some Aspects of Indo-Islamic Architecture'' (1999), p. 149</ref>
|12= 12. [[Mirza Ghiyas Beg|I'timad-ud-Daulah]]<ref>Subhash Parihar, ''Some Aspects of Indo-Islamic Architecture'' (1999), p. 149</ref>
|13= 13. [[Asmat Begam]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shujauddin|first1=Mohammad|last2=Shujauddin|first2=Razia|title=The Life and Times of Noor Jahan|date=1967|publisher=Caravan Book House|page=1|language=en}}</ref>
|13= 13. [[Asmat Begam]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shujauddin|first1=Mohammad|last2=Shujauddin|first2=Razia|title=The Life and Times of Noor Jahan|date=1967|publisher=Caravan Book House|page=1|language=en}}</ref>
|14=14. Ghias ud-din ‘Ali Asaf Khan<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Moin-ud-din|title=The Taj and Its Environments: With 8 Illus. from Photos., 1 Map, and 4 Plans|date=1924|publisher=R. G. Bansal|page=101|language=en}}</ref>
|14=14. Ghias ud-din 'Ali Asaf Khan<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Moin-ud-din|title=The Taj and Its Environments: With 8 Illus. from Photos., 1 Map, and 4 Plans|date=1924|publisher=R. G. Bansal|page=101|language=en}}</ref>
Mirza Muhammad Murad Bakhsh (9 October 1624 – 14 December 1661)[2] was a Mughal prince and the youngest surviving son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and Empress Mumtaz Mahal.[3] He was the Subahdar of Balkh, until he was replaced by his elder brother Aurangzeb in the year 1647.
He was appointed as the Subadar of Multan (1642), of Balkh (16 February 1646 to 9 August 1646), of Kashmir (20 August 1647 to July 1648), of Deccan (25 July 1648 to 14 September 1649), and Kabul (23 January 1650 to 1654), of Gujarat (March 1654), and Malwa.[5]
Muhammad Allahauddin Shaikh – Died 1655. He was brother of Rustam Shaikh.
Miah Khan – Died 1653, Deccan.
Rajkumar Hariram Singh – 1622–1678(56), The Deputy of Murad Baksh from 1646 to 1651. He was second son of Raja Gaj Singh of Nagpur and the brother of Raja Amar Singh of Nagpur
Portrait of Mirza Murad Bakhsh by Balchand.Rajkumar Veer Singh – 1636–1680(44), Eldest son of Amar Singh of Nagpur.
On 30 November 1657, he proclaimed himself emperor at Ahmedabad, after reports that his father was ill. During the same year, he received the Ottoman ambassador Manzada Husain Agha, who arrived in the port of Surat and was on his way to meet Shah Jahan in Agra. Manzar Hussain Agha mentions his disappointment regarding the wars between Shah Jahan's sons.[6]
Murad Bakhsh joined hands with Aurangzeb to defeat Dara Shikhoh, the eldest son of Shah Jahan. In fact, it was the ferocious charge led by Murad Bakhsh and his Sowars that eventually turned the outcome of the battle in favor of Aurangzeb during the Battle of Samugarh.[citation needed]
On 7 July 1658, while he was in a tent with his brother Aurangzeb, he was intoxicated, secretly sent to the prison and transferred to Gwalior Fort from January 1659.[7]
He faced a trial that sentenced him to death for having murdered former Diwan clerk named Ali Naqi, in 1661. Aurangzeb then replaced Murad Bakhsh as the Subedar of Gujarat, and placed Inayat Khan as the new Mughal commander of Surat.[8]
On 14 December 1661, after spending three years in prison, he was executed at Gwalior Fort.[9][10] With the last of his brothers now dead, Aurangzeb was the undisputed emperor of the Mughal Empire.[citation needed]
↑ 11.011.1Sarker, Kobita (2007). Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth: the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals. p. 187.
↑ 12.012.1Mehta, J.l. (1986). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. p. 418.
↑ 13.013.1Thackeray, Frank W.; Findling, John E. (2012). Events That Formed the Modern World. p. 254.
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