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[[Tamil Nadu]] is the | [[Tamil Nadu]] is the tenth largest state in [[India]] and covers an area of {{convert|130058|km2|sqmi}}. It is bordered by [[Kerala]] to the west, [[Karnataka]] to the northwest, [[Andhra Pradesh]] to the north, the [[Bay of Bengal]] to the east and the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south. [[Cape Comorin]] ([[Kanyakumari]]), the southernmost tip of the [[Indian Peninsula]] is located in south of Tamil Nadu. | ||
==Terrain== | ==Terrain== | ||
The western, southern and | The western, southern and north-western parts are hilly and mix of [[vegetation]] and arid. Tamil Nadu is the only state in India that has both the [[Western Ghats|Western Ghat]] and the [[Eastern Ghats|Eastern Ghat]] mountain ranges which both meet at the [[Nilgiri Hills]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southasiaoutreach.wisc.edu/elementary/geo_of_india.htm |title=Geography of India |author=Joel Anderson |publisher=Center for South Asia Outreach, University of Wisconsin-Manhattan |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412163656/http://www.southasiaoutreach.wisc.edu/elementary/geo_of_india.htm |archivedate=2009-04-12 }}</ref> The Western Ghats dominate the entire western border with Kerala, effectively blocking much of the rain-bearing clouds of the South West Monsoon from entering the state. The eastern parts are fertile coastal plains. The northern parts are a mix of hills and plains. The central and the south-central regions are [[arid]] plains. | ||
[[File:Palaghat_Gap..jpg|thumb|200px|Palakkad gap allows south-west monsoon winds to pass through the western ghats producing rain in western Tamil Nadu]] | [[File:Palaghat_Gap..jpg|thumb|200px|Palakkad gap allows south-west monsoon winds to pass through the western ghats producing rain in western Tamil Nadu]] | ||
[[File:Agasthiyamalai range and Tirunelveli rainshadow.jpg|thumb|200px|A semi-arid wasteland near [[Tirunelveli]]. Monsoon winds are prevented by the [[Agastya Malai|Agasthyamalai Range]] of the Western Ghats]] | [[File:Agasthiyamalai range and Tirunelveli rainshadow.jpg|thumb|200px|A semi-arid wasteland near [[Tirunelveli]]. Monsoon winds are prevented by the [[Agastya Malai|Agasthyamalai Range]] of the Western Ghats]] | ||
==Natural hazards== | ==Natural hazards== | ||
Tamil Nadu has a coastline of about {{convert|1076|km|mi|-2}} which is the country's | Tamil Nadu has a coastline of about {{convert|1076|km|mi|-2}} which is the country's second longest coastline after [[Gujarat]], Tamil Nadu's coastline bore the brunt of the 2004 [[Indian Ocean tsunami]] when it hit India, which caused 7,793 direct deaths in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01724/effects_india.html |title=Tsunami: Magnitude of Terror – Effects - Damage to Countries - India |publisher=Oracle ThinkQuest |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513051807/http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01724/effects_india.html |archivedate=2009-05-13 }}</ref> Tamil Nadu falls mostly in a region of low [[Earthquake|seismic hazard]] with the exception of the western border areas that lie in a low to moderate hazard zone. Parts of this region have seismic activity bagging the [[Richter magnitude scale|M5.0]] range.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asc-india.org/maps/hazard/haz-tamil-nadu.htm |title=GSHAP seismic hazard map for Tamil Nadu & Puducherry (Pondicherry), India |date=30 March 2007 |publisher=Amateur Seismic Centre |access-date=8 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717015554/http://asc-india.org/maps/hazard/haz-tamil-nadu.htm |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
==Climate== | ==Climate== | ||
Tamil Nadu is heavily dependent on [[monsoon]] rains, and thereby is prone to droughts when the monsoons fail. The climate of the state ranges from wet rainforests to semi-arid. Tamil Nadu | Tamil Nadu is heavily dependent on [[monsoon]] rains, and thereby is prone to droughts when the monsoons fail. The climate of the state ranges from wet [[rainforests]] to [[semi-arid]] plains, with some interior locations bordering on a [[desert climate]]. Agriculture in Tamil Nadu is a gamble on the monsoon. The state has distinct periods of rainfall, which are the advancing monsoon period, [[South-west monsoon]] (from June to September) with strong southwest winds, the [[North-east monsoon]] (from October to December), with dominant northeast winds, and the Dry season (from January to May). The normal annual rainfall of the state is about {{convert|945|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref>[http://drought.unl.edu/pubs/dnn/arch9.pdf Assessment Report from the National Drought Mitigation Center, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030317211040/http://drought.unl.edu/pubs/dnn/arch9.pdf |date=17 March 2003 }}.</ref> of which 48% is through the North East monsoon, and 32% through the South West monsoon. Since the state is entirely dependent on rains for recharging its water resources, monsoon failures lead to acute [[water scarcity]] and severe drought.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unsystem.org/SCN/archives/india/ch16.htm |title=Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu |publisher=United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502211218/http://www.unsystem.org/scn/archives/india/ch16.htm |archivedate=2012-05-02 }}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:52, 14 January 2025
Template:Infobox place geography
Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest state in India and covers an area of 130,058 square kilometres (50,216 sq mi). It is bordered by Kerala to the west, Karnataka to the northwest, Andhra Pradesh to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Indian Ocean to the south. Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari), the southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula is located in south of Tamil Nadu.
Terrain[edit | edit source]
The western, southern and north-western parts are hilly and mix of vegetation and arid. Tamil Nadu is the only state in India that has both the Western Ghat and the Eastern Ghat mountain ranges which both meet at the Nilgiri Hills.[1] The Western Ghats dominate the entire western border with Kerala, effectively blocking much of the rain-bearing clouds of the South West Monsoon from entering the state. The eastern parts are fertile coastal plains. The northern parts are a mix of hills and plains. The central and the south-central regions are arid plains.
Natural hazards[edit | edit source]
Tamil Nadu has a coastline of about 1,076 kilometres (700 mi) which is the country's second longest coastline after Gujarat, Tamil Nadu's coastline bore the brunt of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami when it hit India, which caused 7,793 direct deaths in the state.[2] Tamil Nadu falls mostly in a region of low seismic hazard with the exception of the western border areas that lie in a low to moderate hazard zone. Parts of this region have seismic activity bagging the M5.0 range.[3]
Climate[edit | edit source]
Tamil Nadu is heavily dependent on monsoon rains, and thereby is prone to droughts when the monsoons fail. The climate of the state ranges from wet rainforests to semi-arid plains, with some interior locations bordering on a desert climate. Agriculture in Tamil Nadu is a gamble on the monsoon. The state has distinct periods of rainfall, which are the advancing monsoon period, South-west monsoon (from June to September) with strong southwest winds, the North-east monsoon (from October to December), with dominant northeast winds, and the Dry season (from January to May). The normal annual rainfall of the state is about 945 mm (37.2 in),[4] of which 48% is through the North East monsoon, and 32% through the South West monsoon. Since the state is entirely dependent on rains for recharging its water resources, monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and severe drought.[5]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Joel Anderson. "Geography of India". Center for South Asia Outreach, University of Wisconsin-Manhattan. Archived from the original on 12 April 2009.
- ↑ "Tsunami: Magnitude of Terror – Effects - Damage to Countries - India". Oracle ThinkQuest. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ↑ "GSHAP seismic hazard map for Tamil Nadu & Puducherry (Pondicherry), India". Amateur Seismic Centre. 30 March 2007. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
- ↑ Assessment Report from the National Drought Mitigation Center, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln Archived 17 March 2003 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu". United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.