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{{ | {{Short description|Indian film director and screenwriter}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{use Indian English|date=June 2013}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} | |||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Gyan Mukherjee | | name = Gyan Mukherjee | ||
| image = | | image = Gyan Mukherji.jpg | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = Mukherjee in November 1945 | ||
| birth_name = | | birth_name = | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1909|09|30}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1909|09|30}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Benares]], [[United Provinces of | | birth_place = [[Benares]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[British India]] | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1956|11|13|1909|09|30}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1956|11|13|1909|09|30}} | ||
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] | | death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] | ||
| other_names = | | other_names = | ||
| years_active = 1930s–1956 | | years_active = 1930s–1956 | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Gyan Mukherjee''' (30 September 1909 – 13 November 1956) was an | '''Gyan Mukherjee''' (30 September 1909 – 13 November 1956) was an Indian film director and screenwriter, who worked in [[Hindi cinema]], best known for the hits ''[[Jhoola (1941 film)|Jhoola]]'' (1941) and ''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]'' (1943). | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Mukherjee was born on 30 September 1909 in [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]] (now [[Uttar Pradesh]]), [[British India]]. | Mukherjee was born on 30 September 1909 in [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]] (now [[Uttar Pradesh]]), [[British India]]. | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
=== 1943—1956 === | === 1943—1956 === | ||
In 1943, he reused the formula of ''Geeta'' to direct the biggest hit of his career, ''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]'' (1943), which also add another formula of "lost-and-found", which remained popular for several decades in Hindi films.<ref name="Ranade2006">{{cite book|author=Ashoka Da Ranade|title=Hindi Film Song: Music Beyond Boundaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI1wqkWsIjYC&pg=PA95|access-date=17 June 2013|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=978-81-85002-64-4| | In 1943, he reused the formula of ''Geeta'' to direct the biggest hit of his career, ''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]'' (1943), which also add another formula of "lost-and-found", which remained popular for several decades in Hindi films.<ref name="Ranade2006">{{cite book|author=Ashoka Da Ranade|title=Hindi Film Song: Music Beyond Boundaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI1wqkWsIjYC&pg=PA95|access-date=17 June 2013|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=978-81-85002-64-4|page=95}}</ref> The film had [[Ashok Kumar]], the leading star of the era, playing an [[anti-hero]] and also appearing in a double role. The film had a strong-anti British sentiment and also featured the noted patriotic song, "Door hato O Duniya walon, Hindustan Hamara Hai" (Leave People of World, India is Ours) by [[Kavi Pradeep]],<ref name="Jaikumar2006">{{cite book|author=Priya Jaikumar|title=Cinema at the End of Empire: A Politics of Transition in Britain and India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pq_kryQIkQkC&pg=PA236|access-date=17 June 2013|date=3 May 2006|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-3793-5|page=236}}</ref><ref name="hindu11">{{Cite web |title = Blast From The Past: Kismet (1943) | url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2555738.ece | work = The Hindu | date =20 October 2011 | access-date = 19 June 2013 }}</ref> and went on to run at [[Roxy Cinema (Kolkata)|Roxy Cinema]] in Calcutta for 3 years and 8 months.<ref name="Bhattacherje2009">{{cite book|author=S. B. Bhattacherje|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA207|access-date=18 June 2013|date=1 May 2009|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-4074-7|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Gulzar5">[[#Gu|Gulzar, p. 5]]</ref><ref name="SaranAlvi2008"/> Subhash K. Jha has called ''Kismet'' as one of the most influential films of all times" in [[Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |author = Subhash K. Jha |author-link =Subhash K. Jha | title = The ones who dared | url = http://www.sify.com/movies/the-ones-who-dared-news-bollywood-kkfv51dacba.html | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130620041953/http://www.sify.com/movies/the-ones-who-dared-news-bollywood-kkfv51dacba.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 June 2013 | website = Sify.com, Movies | date = 20 April 2005 | access-date = 19 June 2013 }}</ref> | ||
After death of [[Himanshu Rai]], founder of [[Bombay Talkies]] Studio in 1940, a group led by producer [[Sashadhar Mukherjee]] along with production controller Rai Bahadur Chunilal,<ref>Father of music composer Madan Mohan.</ref> actor [[Ashok Kumar]] and Mukherjee, broke away to establish the [[Filmistan]] studio in March 1943 at the premises of old Sharada Movietone studios in [[Goregaon]], Mumbai.<ref name="Gulzar593">[[#Gu|Gulzar, p. 593]]</ref><ref>[[#Ka|Kabir, p. 29]]</ref> He retouched the concept of anti-hero in ''Sangram'' (1950), today his works are seen as early depictions of the underworld and the anti-hero in Indian cinema.<ref name="Ranade2006"/> | After death of [[Himanshu Rai]], founder of [[Bombay Talkies]] Studio in 1940, a group led by producer [[Sashadhar Mukherjee]] along with production controller Rai Bahadur Chunilal,<ref>Father of music composer Madan Mohan.</ref> actor [[Ashok Kumar]] and Mukherjee, broke away to establish the [[Filmistan]] studio in March 1943 at the premises of old Sharada Movietone studios in [[Goregaon]], Mumbai.<ref name="Gulzar593">[[#Gu|Gulzar, p. 593]]</ref><ref>[[#Ka|Kabir, p. 29]]</ref> He retouched the concept of anti-hero in ''Sangram'' (1950), today his works are seen as early depictions of the underworld and the anti-hero in Indian cinema.<ref name="Ranade2006"/> | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
== Death == | == Death == | ||
Mujherjee died on 13 November 1956 in Calcutta (now Kolkata), at the age of 47. Guru Dutt's ''[[Kaagaz Ke Phool]]'' (1959) is considered to be | Mujherjee died on 13 November 1956 in Calcutta (now Kolkata), at the age of 47. Guru Dutt's ''[[Kaagaz Ke Phool]]'' (1959) is considered to be a homage to Mukherjee.<ref name="Miguel2012">{{cite book|author=Helio San Miguel|title=World Film Locations: Mumbai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0_v3jr6TCAC&pg=PA22|year= 2012|publisher=Intellect Books|isbn=978-1-84150-632-6|pages=22}}</ref> | ||
==Filmography== | ==Filmography== | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
| ''[[Bandhan (1940 film)|Bandhan]]'' || <!--No--> || {{Yes}} | | ''[[Bandhan (1940 film)|Bandhan]]'' || <!--No--> || {{Yes}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="2"|1941 || ''[[Jhoola (1941 film)|Jhoola]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''[[Naya Sansar (1941 film)|Naya Sansar]]'' || <!--No--> || {{Yes}} | | ''[[Naya Sansar (1941 film)|Naya Sansar]]'' || <!--No--> || {{Yes}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1943 || ''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]'' || {{Yes}} || | | 1943 || ''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]'' || {{Yes}} || | ||
| Line 65: | Line 63: | ||
| 1955 || ''[[Sardar (1955 film)|Sardar]]'' || {{Yes}} || | | 1955 || ''[[Sardar (1955 film)|Sardar]]'' || {{Yes}} || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1956 || ''Shatranj'' || {{Yes}} || | | 1956 || ''Shatranj (1956 film) '' || {{Yes}} || | ||
|} | |} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist | {{reflist}} | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
| Line 90: | Line 88: | ||
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]] | [[Category:Hindi-language film directors]] | ||
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]] | [[Category:Indian male screenwriters]] | ||
[[Category:Screenwriters from Uttar Pradesh]] | [[Category:Screenwriters from Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Hindi screenwriters]] | [[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]] | ||
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]] | |||
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:16, 11 March 2026
Gyan Mukherjee | |
|---|---|
 Mukherjee in November 1945 | |
| Born | 30 September 1909 |
| Died | 13 November 1956 (aged 47) |
| Occupation | film director and screenwriter |
| Years active | 1930s–1956 |
Gyan Mukherjee (30 September 1909 – 13 November 1956) was an Indian film director and screenwriter, who worked in Hindi cinema, best known for the hits Jhoola (1941) and Kismet (1943).
Early life[edit | edit source]
Mukherjee was born on 30 September 1909 in Benares, United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), British India.
Career[edit | edit source]
Early career[edit | edit source]
Mukherjee started his career with New Theatres in Calcutta (now Kolkata), and subsequently joined Bombay Talkies as a supervising technician. Soon became a trendsetter of "formula film" starting with first directorial venture Geeta (1940) based on the theme, "Crime-doesn't-pay", "Boy meets girl" was used in Jhoola (1941).[1]
1943—1956[edit | edit source]
In 1943, he reused the formula of Geeta to direct the biggest hit of his career, Kismet (1943), which also add another formula of "lost-and-found", which remained popular for several decades in Hindi films.[1] The film had Ashok Kumar, the leading star of the era, playing an anti-hero and also appearing in a double role. The film had a strong-anti British sentiment and also featured the noted patriotic song, "Door hato O Duniya walon, Hindustan Hamara Hai" (Leave People of World, India is Ours) by Kavi Pradeep,[2][3] and went on to run at Roxy Cinema in Calcutta for 3 years and 8 months.[4][5][6] Subhash K. Jha has called Kismet as one of the most influential films of all times" in Indian cinema.[7]
After death of Himanshu Rai, founder of Bombay Talkies Studio in 1940, a group led by producer Sashadhar Mukherjee along with production controller Rai Bahadur Chunilal,[8] actor Ashok Kumar and Mukherjee, broke away to establish the Filmistan studio in March 1943 at the premises of old Sharada Movietone studios in Goregaon, Mumbai.[9][10] He retouched the concept of anti-hero in Sangram (1950), today his works are seen as early depictions of the underworld and the anti-hero in Indian cinema.[1]
While working at Bombay Talkies, auteur Guru Dutt trained under him, though he also assisted Amiya Chakravarty, Dutt emulated Mukherjee's formula-based film style in his early films and eventually dedicated his classic, Pyaasa (1957) to Mukherjee,[1][6] Another noted director, who assisted him at Bombay Talkies, was Shakti Samanta, who later made Aradhana (1969) and Amar Prem (1972).[11]
Death[edit | edit source]
Mujherjee died on 13 November 1956 in Calcutta (now Kolkata), at the age of 47. Guru Dutt's Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959) is considered to be a homage to Mukherjee.[12]
Filmography[edit | edit source]
| Year | Film | Work | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direction | Screenplay | ||
| 1940 | Geeta | Yes | |
| Bandhan | Yes | ||
| 1941 | Jhoola | Yes | Yes |
| Naya Sansar | Yes | ||
| 1943 | Kismet | Yes | |
| 1944 | Chal Chal Re Naujawan | Yes | |
| 1950 | Sangram | Yes | Yes |
| 1953 | Shamsheer | Yes | |
| 1955 | Sardar | Yes | |
| 1956 | Shatranj (1956 film) | Yes | |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ashoka Da Ranade (1 January 2006). Hindi Film Song: Music Beyond Boundaries. Bibliophile South Asia. p. 95. ISBN 978-81-85002-64-4. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ↑ Priya Jaikumar (3 May 2006). Cinema at the End of Empire: A Politics of Transition in Britain and India. Duke University Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-8223-3793-5. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ↑ "Blast From The Past: Kismet (1943)". The Hindu. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ↑ S. B. Bhattacherje (1 May 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 1. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ Gulzar, p. 5
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Santhya Saran; Abrar Alvi (2008). Ten Years With Guru Dutt: Abrar Alvi's Journey. Penguin Books India. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-670-08221-6. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ↑ Subhash K. Jha (20 April 2005). "The ones who dared". Sify.com, Movies. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ Father of music composer Madan Mohan.
- ↑ Gulzar, p. 593
- ↑ Kabir, p. 29
- ↑ "Veteran film-maker S Samanta passes away". The Times of India. 10 April 2009. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ↑ Helio San Miguel (2012). World Film Locations: Mumbai. Intellect Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-84150-632-6.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Gulzar; Govind Nihalani; Saibal Chatterjee (2003). Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7991-066-5.
- Nasreen Munni Kabir (2005). Guru Dutt: a life in cinema. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-567233-6.