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{{refimprove|date=September 2012}} | {{refimprove|date=September 2012}} | ||
This is a list of locations which have served as | This is a list of locations which have served as [[capital cities]] in [[India]]. The current capital city is [[New Delhi]], which replaced [[Calcutta]] in 1911. | ||
== | ==Ancient period== | ||
* [[Rajgir]] : Initial capital of the [[Haryanka dynasty|Magadha Empire]] from 6th century BCE to 460 BCE, called '''Girivraj''' at the time. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/amazing-india/2017/09/03/rajgir-on-hallowed-ground | title=Rajgir: On Hallowed Ground | date=September 3, 2017 | access-date=July 22, 2020 | quote=between the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, all roads led to the great city of Rajgir}}</ref> | * [[Rajgir]]: Initial capital of the [[Haryanka dynasty|Magadha Empire]] from 6th century BCE to 460 BCE, called '''Girivraj''' at the time. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/amazing-india/2017/09/03/rajgir-on-hallowed-ground | title=Rajgir: On Hallowed Ground | date=September 3, 2017 | access-date=July 22, 2020 | quote=between the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, all roads led to the great city of Rajgir}}</ref> | ||
* [[Pataliputra]]: Capital of the following: | * [[Pataliputra]]: Capital of the [[Magadha Empire]] under the following dynasties: | ||
::[[Nanda | :: [[Nanda dynasty]] | ||
:: [[Maurya | :: [[Maurya dynasty]] | ||
::[[Gupta | :: [[Gupta dynasty]] | ||
* [[Pataliputra]] also served as the capital of the [[Pala Empire]] for a brief period. | |||
* [[Begram]] and [[Mathura]]: Summer and winter capitals respectively of the [[Kushan Empire]] | * [[Begram]] and [[Mathura]]: Summer and winter capitals respectively of the [[Kushan Empire]] | ||
* [[Amaravathi_(village),_Guntur_district|Dharanikota near Amaravati]] and [[Paithan|Pratishthānapura]]: Capitals of [[Satavahana|Satavahana Empire]] | * [[Amaravathi_(village),_Guntur_district|Dharanikota near Amaravati]] and [[Paithan|Pratishthānapura]]: Capitals of [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana Empire]] | ||
*[[Srikakulam, Krishna district]]: Capital of [[Satavahana dynasty]] | * [[Srikakulam, Krishna district]]: Capital of [[Satavahana dynasty]] | ||
*[[Chejerla, Guntur district|Kandapura:]] Capital of [[Ananda Gotrika]] | * [[Chejerla, Guntur district|Kandapura:]] Capital of [[Ananda Gotrika]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Rajahmundry]]: Capital of [[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern Chalukya Kingdom]], [[Reddi Kingdom]] | ||
*[[Vangipuram|Vangipuram or Peddavegi]]: Capital of [[Salankayana dynasty]] and [[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern Chalukya Kingdom]] | * [[Vangipuram|Vangipuram or Peddavegi]]: Capital of [[Salankayana dynasty]] and [[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern Chalukya Kingdom]] | ||
*[[Vijayapuri South]] or [[Nagarjunakonda]]: Capital of [[Andhra Ikshvaku|Andhra Ikshvakus]] | * [[Vijayapuri South]] or [[Nagarjunakonda]]: Capital of [[Andhra Ikshvaku|Andhra Ikshvakus]] | ||
*[[Kalinganagara]] (modern Mukhalingam): Capital of Eastern Ganga dynasty | * [[Kalinganagara]] (modern Mukhalingam): Capital of Eastern Ganga dynasty | ||
*[[Kannauj]]: Capital of [[Harsha]]vardhana's short-lived empire; also of Pratiharas. | * [[Kannauj]]: Capital of [[Harsha]]vardhana's short-lived empire; also of Pratiharas. | ||
* [[Manyakheta]], [[Avanti (India)|Avanti]]: Capitals of [[Rashtrakuta | * [[Manyakheta]], [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]]: Capitals of [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]] and [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Pratihara Empire]] respectively. | ||
*[[Gadhipur]]: center of administration of the Gupta dynasty. Capital under [[Jamwal]] kings [[Gaadhi]] and [[ | * [[Gadhipur]]: center of administration of the Gupta dynasty. Capital under [[Jamwal]] kings [[Gaadhi]] and [[Vishvamitra]]. | ||
* [[Karur]]: Capital of [[Chera | * [[Karur]]: Capital of [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]] | ||
*[[Dharapuram]]: Capital of [[Kongu Nadu]] | * [[Dharapuram]]: Capital of [[Kongu Nadu]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Poombuhar|Poompuhar]]: Capital of [[Early Cholas]]. | ||
* [[Madurai]]: Capital of [[ | * [[Madurai]]: Capital of [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyas]] | ||
* [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauḍa]]: Capital of Pala dynasty along with [[Pataliputra]] | * [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauḍa]]: Capital of Pala dynasty along with [[Pataliputra]] | ||
* [[Sigal, Sakastan|Sigal]]: First capital of the Sakas 70bce-400 | * [[Sigal, Sakastan|Sigal]]: First capital of the Sakas 70bce-400 | ||
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* [[Sagala]]: Capital of the Indo-Greeks | * [[Sagala]]: Capital of the Indo-Greeks | ||
* [[Bhinmal]]: Capital of Gurjara Empire | * [[Bhinmal]]: Capital of Gurjara Empire | ||
* [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]: Capital of Sharqī dynasty (1394–1479). | * [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]: Capital of Sharqī dynasty (1394–1479). | ||
==Medieval period== | ==Medieval period== | ||
* [[Agra]]: Capital of [[Sikandar Lodi]] at the time of the Lodhi dynasty. Sultan Sikandar Lodī (1488–1517) was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506. | |||
* [[Vijayanagara]]: Capital of [[Vijayanagara Empire]] from early 14th Century until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water. | |||
* [[Patna]]: [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s Empire Capital between 1538/1540 and 1556 and also served as Capital of Bihar Subah under Mughals. | |||
* [[Agra]]: Capital of [[Sikandar | * [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]]: The city was a provincial capital in the [[Mughal Empire]] and was the headquarters of [[Jahangir]] from 1599 to 1604.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pletcher |first=Kenneth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjr0X-8jrLAC&dq=Allahabad+massacre&pg=PA128 |title=The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places |date=15 August 2010 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=9781615301423 |pages=128 |access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref> | ||
* [[Vijayanagara]]: Capital of [[Vijayanagara Empire]] from | * [[Ghor]]: Capital of Ghurid Sultanate | ||
* [[Budaun]]: Capital of [[Iltutmish]] empire. | |||
* [[Kanchipuram]] Capital of [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]] | * [[Kanchipuram]] Capital of [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]] | ||
* [[Thanjavur]]: Capital of [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]] | * [[Thanjavur]]: Capital of [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]] | ||
* [[Murshidabad]]: In 1704, nawab [[Murshid Quli Khan]] changed the seat of government from [[Dhaka]] to [[Murshidabad]], renaming it after himself. | * [[Murshidabad]]: In 1704, nawab [[Murshid Quli Khan]] changed the seat of government from [[Dhaka]] to [[Murshidabad]], renaming it after himself. | ||
* [[Pune]]: In 1730, Pune became the capital of the [[Maratha | * [[Pune]]: In 1730, Pune became the capital of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]] of the [[Maratha Empire]].At this time Maratha Empire was at its peak, and became the only non-mughal capital. | ||
* [[Munger]]: [[Mir Qasim|Mir Qasim Ali]], the [[Nawab of Bengal]] (from 1760 to 1764). In 1763, Quasim shifted his capital from [[Murshidabad]] to [[Munger]]. | |||
*[[Munger]]: [[Mir Qasim|Mir Qasim Ali]], the [[Nawab of Bengal]] (from 1760 to 1764). In 1763, Quasim shifted his capital from [[Murshidabad]] to [[Munger]]. | * [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]]: In 1327, [[Tughlaq dynasty|Indian]], under [[Muhammad ibn Tughluq]] (r. 1325–1351), forcibly moved the entire population of Delhi here, for two years, before it was abandoned due to lack of water. | ||
*[[ | * [[Hanamkonda]] and [[Warangal]]: Capital of Kakatiya Dynasty | ||
*[[Hanamkonda]] and [[Warangal]]: Capital of Kakatiya Dynasty | * [[Addanki]]: Capital of Reddy Kingdom | ||
*[[Addanki]]: Capital of Reddy Kingdom | * [[Cochin]] (1505–1510) | ||
* [[Old Goa]] (1510–1843) | |||
* [[Nova Goa]] (1843–1961) | |||
* [[Pulicat]]: capital of [[Dutch Coromandel]] until 1690 (1610–1690; 1781–1795) | |||
* Nagapatnam: capital of Tanjore district from 1799 to 1845 under Madras Presidency of the British. | |||
* [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]: capital of Puducherry union territory during French India. | |||
==Modern period== | ==Modern period== | ||
* In 1858, [[ | * In 1858, [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]] the capital of India for a day when it also served as the capital of [[North-Western Provinces]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Town Planning Regeneration of Cities|author=Ashutosh Joshi|publisher=New India Publishing|date= 1 Jan 2008|isbn=978-8189422820 |page=237 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&dq=Allahabad+capital&pg=PA151 }}</ref> | ||
* During the [[British Raj]], until 1911, '''[[Calcutta]]''' was the capital of India.<ref name="Hall">{{Cite book|last= Hall|first= Peter|author-link= Peter Hall (urbanist)|title=Cities of tomorrow |year=2002 |publisher= Blackwell Publishing |location=Oxford, UK|isbn=0-631-23252-4 |pages = 198–206}}</ref> | * During the [[British Raj]], until 1911, '''[[Calcutta]]''' was the capital of India.<ref name="Hall">{{Cite book|last= Hall|first= Peter|author-link= Peter Hall (urbanist)|title=Cities of tomorrow |year=2002 |publisher= Blackwell Publishing |location=Oxford, UK|isbn=0-631-23252-4 |pages = 198–206}}</ref> | ||
*By the latter half of the 19th century, '''[[Shimla]]''' had become the summer capital.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Charles Allen (writer)|Charles Allen]], ''[[Kipling Sahib]]'', London, Little Brown, 2007</ref> | *By the latter half of the 19th century, '''[[Shimla]]''' had become the summer capital.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Charles Allen (writer)|Charles Allen]], ''[[Kipling Sahib]]'', London, Little Brown, 2007</ref> | ||
* [[ | * King [[George V]] proclaimed the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to '''[[Delhi]]''' at the climax of the 1911 [[Delhi Durbar]] on 12 December 1911. The buildings housing the [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy]], [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|government]], and [[Parliament of India|parliament]] were inaugurated in early 1931. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Capital Of India}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Capital Of India}} | ||
[[Category: Lists of cities in India]] | [[Category: Lists of cities in India]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Capital cities by country|India]] | ||
[[Category:India history-related lists]] | [[Category:India history-related lists]] | ||
[[Category:Lists of capital cities|India]] | |||
[[Category: Lists of | |||
Latest revision as of 17:28, 10 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2012) |
This is a list of locations which have served as capital cities in India. The current capital city is New Delhi, which replaced Calcutta in 1911.
Ancient period[edit | edit source]
- Rajgir: Initial capital of the Magadha Empire from 6th century BCE to 460 BCE, called Girivraj at the time. [1]
- Pataliputra: Capital of the Magadha Empire under the following dynasties:
- Pataliputra also served as the capital of the Pala Empire for a brief period.
- Begram and Mathura: Summer and winter capitals respectively of the Kushan Empire
- Dharanikota near Amaravati and Pratishthānapura: Capitals of Satavahana Empire
- Srikakulam, Krishna district: Capital of Satavahana dynasty
- Kandapura: Capital of Ananda Gotrika
- Rajahmundry: Capital of Eastern Chalukya Kingdom, Reddi Kingdom
- Vangipuram or Peddavegi: Capital of Salankayana dynasty and Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
- Vijayapuri South or Nagarjunakonda: Capital of Andhra Ikshvakus
- Kalinganagara (modern Mukhalingam): Capital of Eastern Ganga dynasty
- Kannauj: Capital of Harshavardhana's short-lived empire; also of Pratiharas.
- Manyakheta, Avanti: Capitals of Rashtrakuta dynasty and Pratihara Empire respectively.
- Gadhipur: center of administration of the Gupta dynasty. Capital under Jamwal kings Gaadhi and Vishvamitra.
- Karur: Capital of Cheras
- Dharapuram: Capital of Kongu Nadu
- Poompuhar: Capital of Early Cholas.
- Madurai: Capital of Pandyas
- Gauḍa: Capital of Pala dynasty along with Pataliputra
- Sigal: First capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
- Taxila: Second capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
- Mathura: Third capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
- Sagala: Capital of the Indo-Greeks
- Bhinmal: Capital of Gurjara Empire
- Jaunpur: Capital of Sharqī dynasty (1394–1479).
Medieval period[edit | edit source]
- Agra: Capital of Sikandar Lodi at the time of the Lodhi dynasty. Sultan Sikandar Lodī (1488–1517) was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506.
- Vijayanagara: Capital of Vijayanagara Empire from early 14th Century until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water.
- Patna: Sher Shah Suri's Empire Capital between 1538/1540 and 1556 and also served as Capital of Bihar Subah under Mughals.
- Allahabad: The city was a provincial capital in the Mughal Empire and was the headquarters of Jahangir from 1599 to 1604.[2]
- Ghor: Capital of Ghurid Sultanate
- Budaun: Capital of Iltutmish empire.
- Kanchipuram Capital of Pallavas
- Thanjavur: Capital of Cholas
- Murshidabad: In 1704, nawab Murshid Quli Khan changed the seat of government from Dhaka to Murshidabad, renaming it after himself.
- Pune: In 1730, Pune became the capital of the Marathas of the Maratha Empire.At this time Maratha Empire was at its peak, and became the only non-mughal capital.
- Munger: Mir Qasim Ali, the Nawab of Bengal (from 1760 to 1764). In 1763, Quasim shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger.
- Daulatabad: In 1327, Indian, under Muhammad ibn Tughluq (r. 1325–1351), forcibly moved the entire population of Delhi here, for two years, before it was abandoned due to lack of water.
- Hanamkonda and Warangal: Capital of Kakatiya Dynasty
- Addanki: Capital of Reddy Kingdom
- Cochin (1505–1510)
- Old Goa (1510–1843)
- Nova Goa (1843–1961)
- Pulicat: capital of Dutch Coromandel until 1690 (1610–1690; 1781–1795)
- Nagapatnam: capital of Tanjore district from 1799 to 1845 under Madras Presidency of the British.
- Pondicherry: capital of Puducherry union territory during French India.
Modern period[edit | edit source]
- In 1858, Allahabad the capital of India for a day when it also served as the capital of North-Western Provinces.[3]
- During the British Raj, until 1911, Calcutta was the capital of India.[4]
- By the latter half of the 19th century, Shimla had become the summer capital.[5]
- King George V proclaimed the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi at the climax of the 1911 Delhi Durbar on 12 December 1911. The buildings housing the Viceroy, government, and parliament were inaugurated in early 1931.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Rajgir: On Hallowed Ground". 3 September 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
between the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, all roads led to the great city of Rajgir
- ↑ Pletcher, Kenneth (15 August 2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 128. ISBN 9781615301423. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ↑ Ashutosh Joshi (1 January 2008). Town Planning Regeneration of Cities. New India Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 978-8189422820.
- ↑ Hall, Peter (2002). Cities of tomorrow. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 198–206. ISBN 0-631-23252-4.
- ↑ Charles Allen, Kipling Sahib, London, Little Brown, 2007