Order of St. Andrew: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Award}}
{{Short description|Highest award of Russia}}
{{about|the Russian Order|the Eastern Orthodox order|Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate}}{{Infobox order
{{about|the Russian order|the Eastern Orthodox order|Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate}}
|name= Imperial Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First Called<br/>{{small|Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
|image= [[File:StAndrew All.jpg|225px|Grand Collar (Star and Collar) set of the Imperial Order.]]
{{Infobox order
|name= Imperial Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First-Called<br/>{{small|Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного}}
|image= StAndrew All.jpg
|caption=
|caption=
|awarded_by=<br/>{{flagicon|Russia}} The Head of the [[House of Romanov]]
|awarded_by= Head of the [[House of Romanov]]
|type = Order of Knighthood
|type= [[Order of chivalry]]
|eligibility =
|for =
|status = Rarely constituted
|description=
|head_title      = Sovereign
|head            = [[Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna]]
|head2_title    = Grand Master
|head2          = [[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia|Grand Duke George Mikhailovich]]
|grades=Knight{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|established= 1698
|established= 1698
|first_induction = 1698 [[Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin|Count Fyodor Golovin]]
|motto= За веру и верность<br/>(For Faith and Loyalty)
|last_induction  = 2021 [[Fuad II of Egypt|King Fuad II of Egypt]] & [[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (born 1982)|Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]]
|eligibility=
|for=
|status= Rarely constituted
|description=
|head_title= Sovereign
|head= [[Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna]]
|head2_title= Grand Master
|head2= [[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia|Grand Duke George Mikhailovich]]
|grades= Knight{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|first_induction= 1698 ([[Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin|Count Fyodor Golovin]])
|total=
|total=
|posthumous=
|posthumous=
|recipients=
|recipients=
|individual=
|individual=
|higher= ''None''
|higher= None
|same=
|same=
|lower=[[Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky]]<br>[[Order of Saint Catherine]]
|lower= [[Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky]]<br/>[[Order of Saint Catherine]]
|related=
|related=
|image2=[[File:Order St. Andrew (Russia) ribbon.svg|90px]]
|image2= [[File:Order St. Andrew (Russia) ribbon.svg|90px]]
|caption2=Ribbon of the order  
|caption2= Ribbon of the order  
|motto=За веру и верность<br />"For Faith and Loyalty"}}
}}
 
[[File:Wearing of the insignia of the Order of St. Andrew.svg|300px|thumb|right|Decoration with collar (left) and with sash and star (right)]]
The '''Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called''' ({{lang-ru|Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного|translit=Orden Svyatogo apostola Andreya Pervozvannogo}}) is the highest [[order (decoration)|order]] conferred by both the [[Russian Imperial Family]] (as an Order of Knighthood) and by the [[Russian Federation]] (as a state order).
[[File:Order of St Andrew.jpg|thumb|Star of the Order of Saint Andrew with diamonds.|alt=Photographed by User:Jane023. Place taken:"Photo of exhibition "Juwelen!" at Hermitage Amsterdam, 17 January 2020"]]
Established as the first and highest order of chivalry of the [[Russian Tsardom]] and the [[Russian Empire]] in 1698, it was removed from the honours system under the [[USSR]] before being re-established as the top Russian civil and military order in 1998.
The '''Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First-Called''' ({{langx|ru|Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного|translit=Orden Svyatogo apostola Andreya Pervozvannogo|engvar=gb}}) is the highest [[Order (distinction)|order]] conferred by both the [[Russian Imperial Family]] (as an [[order of chivalry]]) and by the [[Russian Federation]] (as a [[state order]]). Established as the first and highest order of chivalry of the [[Russian Tsardom]] and the [[Russian Empire]] in 1698, it was removed from the honours system under the [[USSR]] before being re-established as the top Russian civil and military order in 1998.


== Russian Empire ==
== Russian Empire ==
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[[Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin|Count Fyodor Golovin]] was the first Knight of the order. Until the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]], just over one thousand awards had been made. During the monarchy, Knights of the Order of St. Andrew also automatically were granted hereditary nobility and received the [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]], the [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Order of the White Eagle]], the [[Order of St. Anna|Order of Saint Anna]] and the [[Order St. Stanislaus]] Knight Grand Cross. Moreover, recipients of lower ranks were automatically promoted to the rank of [[lieutenant general]] or [[vice admiral]]. The Order of Saint Andrew continues to be awarded by the Russian Imperial House in exile, with most recent investitures having been conferred in 2021. The first post-revolutionary presentation was to [[Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia]] on attaining his dynastic majority in April 1923.<ref>[[:ru:Пожалования титулов и орденов Российской империи после 1917 года]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=February 2023}}
[[Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin|Count Fyodor Golovin]] was the first Knight of the order. Until the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]], just over one thousand awards had been made. During the monarchy, Knights of the Order of St. Andrew also automatically were granted hereditary nobility and received the [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]], the [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Order of the White Eagle]], the [[Order of St. Anna|Order of Saint Anna]] and the [[Order St. Stanislaus]] Knight Grand Cross. Moreover, recipients of lower ranks were automatically promoted to the rank of [[lieutenant general]] or [[vice admiral]]. The Order of Saint Andrew continues to be awarded by the Russian Imperial House in exile, with most recent investitures having been conferred in 2021. The first post-revolutionary presentation was to [[Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia]] on attaining his dynastic majority in April 1923.<ref>[[:ru:Пожалования титулов и орденов Российской империи после 1917 года]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=February 2023}}


Due to a {{Interlanguage link multi|St Andrew's ribbon|ru|3=Андреевская лента|lt=blue riband|vertical-align=sup}} of the order, the French phrase ''Cordon Bleu'', initially associated with [[Order of the Holy Spirit]], also referred to knights St Andrew's order.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YMT-AgAAQBAJ&q=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE Венчание русских государей на царство. Couronnement des souverains Russes.]</ref><ref>Jean-Henri Schnitzler. Secret History of the Court and Government of Russia Under the emperors Alexander and Nicholas</ref>
Due to a {{Interlanguage link|St Andrew's ribbon|ru|3=Андреевская лента|lt=blue riband|vertical-align=sup}} of the order, the French phrase ''Cordon Bleu'', initially associated with [[Order of the Holy Spirit]], also referred to knights St Andrew's order.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YMT-AgAAQBAJ&q=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE Венчание русских государей на царство. Couronnement des souverains Russes.]</ref><ref>Jean-Henri Schnitzler. Secret History of the Court and Government of Russia Under the emperors Alexander and Nicholas</ref>


===Insignia===
===Insignia===
[[File:Wearing of the insignia of the Order of St. Andrew.svg|300px|thumb|right|Decoration with collar (left) and with sash and star (right)]]
The insignia of the order consisted of:
The insignia of the order consisted of:  


* [[Badge]]: an enameled crowned black double-headed eagle bearing a blue St. Andrew's Cross ([[saltire]]) with St. Andrew crucified upon it; on the arms of the saltire were the Latin letters 'SAPR' ('St. Andrew, Patron of Russia'). It was worn on a pale blue sash over the right shoulder, or on special occasions on an elaborate 'collar' (chain).
* [[Badge]]: an enamelled crowned black double-headed eagle bearing a blue St. Andrew's Cross ([[saltire]]) with St. Andrew crucified upon it; on the arms of the saltire were the Latin letters 'SAPR' ('St. Andrew, Patron of Russia'). It was worn on a pale blue sash over the right shoulder, or on special occasions on an elaborate 'collar' (chain).
* [[Star (polygon)|Star]]: eight-pointed silver star bearing a miniature of the badge on a golden background at the center, surrounded by the motto "For Faith and Loyalty" (Russian: {{lang|ru|За веру и верность}} ''Za Veru i Vernost''') on a blue ring. It was worn on the left chest.
* [[Star (polygon)|Star]]: eight-pointed silver star bearing a miniature of the badge on a golden background at the centre, surrounded by the motto "For Faith and Loyalty" (Russian: {{lang|ru|За веру и верность}} ''Za Veru i Vernost''') on a blue ring. It was worn on the left chest.


The insignia of the order could be awarded "with [[diamonds]]" as a special distinction. [[Saint Andrew's Cathedral (Saint Petersburg)|Saint Andrew's Cathedral]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] was the chapter church of this [[order of chivalry]].
The insignia of the order could be awarded "with [[diamonds]]" as a special distinction. [[Saint Andrew's Cathedral (Saint Petersburg)|Saint Andrew's Cathedral]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] was the chapter church of this [[order of chivalry]].
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* [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872)]]
* [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872)]]
* [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906)]]
* [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906)]]
* [[Albert of Saxony|Albert I of Saxony]]
* [[Albert, King of Saxony]]
* [[Albert, Prince Consort]]
* [[Albert, Prince Consort]]
* [[Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen]]
* [[Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen]]
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* [[Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin]]
* [[Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin]]
* [[Nikolai Arkharov]]
* [[Nikolai Arkharov]]
* [[Alexander Armfelt]]
* [[Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt]]
* [[Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt]]
* [[Prince Arnulf of Bavaria]]
* [[Prince Arnulf of Bavaria]]
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* [[Catherine the Great]]
* [[Catherine the Great]]
* [[Charles I of Württemberg]]
* [[Charles I of Württemberg]]
* [[Charles X]]
* [[Charles X of France|Charles X]]
* [[Charles XIII]]
* [[Charles XIII]]
* [[Charles XIV John]]
* [[Charles XIV John]]
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* [[Frederick VI of Denmark]]
* [[Frederick VI of Denmark]]
* [[Frederick VII of Denmark]]
* [[Frederick VII of Denmark]]
* [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
* [[Frederik VIII of Denmark]]
* [[Frederick IX of Denmark]]
* [[Frederik IX of Denmark]]
* [[Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg]]
* [[Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg]]
* [[Frederick Augustus III of Saxony]]
* [[Frederick Augustus III of Saxony]]
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* [[Archduke John of Austria]]
* [[Archduke John of Austria]]
* [[Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
* [[Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
* [[John of Saxony|Johann I of Saxony]]
* [[John, King of Saxony|Johann I of Saxony]]
* [[John VI of Portugal]]
* [[John VI of Portugal]]
* [[Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg]]
* [[Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg]]
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* [[Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria]]
* [[Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria]]
* [[Mikhail Kakhovsky]]
* [[Mikhail Kakhovsky]]
* [[Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern]]
* [[Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern (died 1885)|Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern]]
* [[Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
* [[Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
* [[Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen]]
* [[Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen]]
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* [[Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857)]]
* [[Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857)]]
* [[Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877)]]
* [[Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877)]]
* [[Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov]]
* [[Aleksey Yermolov (general)|Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov]]
* [[Józef Zajączek]]
* [[Józef Zajączek]]
* [[Zera Yacob Amha Selassie]]
* [[Zera Yacob Amha Selassie]]
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File:Catherine II by F.Rokotov after Roslin (c.1770, Hermitage).jpg|[[Catherine the Great]]
File:Catherine II by F.Rokotov after Roslin (c.1770, Hermitage).jpg|[[Catherine the Great]]
File:Elizabeth Alexeevna (Tonci type) by anonymous (19 c., Hermitage).jpg|Empress [[Elizabeth Alexeievna]]
File:Elizabeth Alexeevna (Tonci type) by anonymous (19 c., Hermitage).jpg|Empress [[Elizabeth Alexeievna]]
File:Portrait of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (1709-1761).jpg|[[Elizabeth of Russia|Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (1709-1761)]]
File:Portrait of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (1709-1761).jpg|[[Elizabeth of Russia|Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (1709–1761)]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


== Russian Federation ==
== Russian Federation ==
{{Infobox order
{{Infobox order
|name=Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First Called<br/>{{small|Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного}}
|name=Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called<br/>{{small|Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного}}
|image=[[File:Andrey1.jpg|225px|Star, Sash and Collar of the Modern Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First Called]]
|image=[[File:Andrey1.jpg|225px|Star, Sash and Collar of the Modern Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First Called]]
|caption=
|caption=
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|clasps=
|clasps=
|grades= Grand Cross with Collar
|grades= Grand Cross with Collar
|established=Original: 1698<br/>Re-establishment: 1998
|established= 1998 (reestablished)
|first_award=
|first_award=
|last_award=  
|last_award=  
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|recipients=
|recipients=
|individual=
|individual=
|higher= ''None''
|higher= [[Hero of the Russian Federation]]
|same=
|same=
|lower=[[Order of St. George]]
|lower=[[Order of Saint George (Russia)|Order of St. George]]
|related=
|related=
|image2=[[File:OOSA.jpg|90px]]
|image2=[[File:OOSA.jpg|90px]]
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|motto=За веру и верность<br />"For Faith and Loyalty"}}
|motto=За веру и верность<br />"For Faith and Loyalty"}}


An order with the same name but with different insignia and statutes was first unofficially re-established by the [[Orthodox Church of Russia]] on December 27, 1988. The order was officially re-instated as the highest Russian civilian and military award by [[Decree of the President of Russia|Presidential Decree]] No.757 on June 1, 1998.<ref name="decree557">{{cite web | title = Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 1998, No 442 | publisher = Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards | date = 1999-12-15 | url = http://award.adm.gov.ru/doc/u757.htm | language = ru | access-date = 2012-02-11 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120311063513/http://award.adm.gov.ru/doc/u757.htm | archive-date = March 11, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102053949&rdk=0|title=О восстановлении ордена Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного|website=pravo.gov.ru}}</ref> The Order's award criteria were modified by Presidential Decree 1099 of September 7, 2010.<ref name="decree1099">{{cite web  | title = Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010, No 1099 | publisher = Russian Gazette | date = 2010-09-07 | url = http://www.rg.ru/2010/09/15/nagrady-dok.html | language = ru | access-date =2012-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102141190&rdk=0|title=О мерах по совершенствованию государственной наградной системы Российской Федерации|website=pravo.gov.ru}}</ref>
An order with the same name but with different insignia and statutes was first unofficially re-established by the [[Orthodox Church of Russia]] on 27 December 1988. The order was officially re-instated as the highest Russian civilian and military award by [[Decree of the President of Russia|Presidential Decree]] No.757 on 1 June 1998.<ref name="decree557">{{cite web | title = Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 1998, No 442 | publisher = Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards | date = 15 December 1999 | url = http://award.adm.gov.ru/doc/u757.htm | language = ru | access-date = 11 February 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120311063513/http://award.adm.gov.ru/doc/u757.htm | archive-date = 11 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102053949&rdk=0|title=О восстановлении ордена Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного|website=pravo.gov.ru}}</ref> The Order's award criteria were modified by Presidential Decree 1099 of 7 September 2010.<ref name="decree1099">{{cite web  | title = Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010, No 1099 | publisher = Russian Gazette | date = 7 September 2010 | url = http://www.rg.ru/2010/09/15/nagrady-dok.html | language = ru | access-date =11 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102141190&rdk=0|title=О мерах по совершенствованию государственной наградной системы Российской Федерации|website=pravo.gov.ru}}</ref>


=== Statute of the Order ===
=== Statute of the Order ===
The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called is used to award prominent statesmen and public figures, eminent representatives of science, culture, the arts and various industries for exceptional services, for promoting the prosperity, grandeur and glory of Russia.<ref name="commission">{{cite web | title = Statute of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle | publisher = Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards | date = 1999-12-15 | url = http://award.gov.ru/andrey_order.html | language = ru | access-date =2012-02-11 }}</ref>
The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called is used to award prominent statesmen and public figures, eminent representatives of science, culture, the arts and various industries for exceptional services, for promoting the prosperity, grandeur and glory of Russia.<ref name="commission">{{cite web | title = Statute of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle | publisher = Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards | date = 15 December 1999 | url = http://award.gov.ru/andrey_order.html | language = ru | access-date =11 February 2012 }}</ref>


The Order may also be awarded to foreign heads of states for outstanding service to the Russian Federation.<ref name=" commission"/>
The Order may also be awarded to foreign heads of states for outstanding service to the Russian Federation.<ref name=" commission"/>
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{{Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=|gap=4em}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=|gap=4em}}


* [[Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow]]
* [[Fazu Aliyeva]]
* [[Heydar Aliyev]]
* [[Heydar Aliyev]]
* [[Irina Arkhipova]]
* [[Rasul Gamzatov]]
* [[Rasul Gamzatov]]
* [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]
* [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]
* [[Daniil Granin]]
* [[Daniil Granin]]
* [[Yury Grigorovich]]
* [[Mikhail Kalashnikov]]
* [[Mikhail Kalashnikov]]
* [[Patriarch Kirill of Moscow]]
* [[Patriarch Kirill of Moscow]]
* [[Sergey Lavrov]]
* [[Vyacheslav Lebedev (jurist)|Vyacheslav Lebedev]]
* [[Dmitry Likhachev]]
* [[Aleksandr Lukashenko]]
* [[Valentina Matviyenko]]
* [[Nikita Mikhalkov]]
* [[Sergey Mikhalkov]]
* [[Sergey Mikhalkov]]
* [[Narendra Modi]]
* [[Narendra Modi]]
* [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]]
* [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]]
* [[Aleksandra Pakhmutova]]
* [[Boris Petrovsky]]
* [[Mintimer Shaimiev]]
* [[Sergei Shoigu]]
* [[Valery Shumakov]]
* [[Valery Shumakov]]
* [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]
* [[Xi Jinping]]
* [[Xi Jinping]]
* [[Gerbert Yefremov|Herbert Yefremov]]
* [[Valery Zorkin]]
* [[Lyudmila Zykina]]
* [[Lyudmila Zykina]]
{{Div col end}}
{{Div col end}}


==== Gallery ====
==== Gallery ====
Select recipients:<ref name="kremlin news">{{cite web  | title = Compiled from the site of the President of the Russian Federation | publisher = Kremlin News | url = http://state.kremlin.ru/commission/22/news | language = ru | access-date =2019-04-12}}</ref>
Select recipients:<ref name="kremlin news">{{cite web  | title = Compiled from the site of the President of the Russian Federation | publisher = Kremlin News | url = http://state.kremlin.ru/commission/22/news | language = ru | access-date =12 April 2019}}</ref>
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1974crop.jpg|Author [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]
File:Патриарх Алексий II в 2002 году.jpg|[[Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow]]
File:Михалков Сергей Владимирович.jpg|Author [[Sergey Mikhalkov]]
File:Fazu Alieva.jpg|Poet [[Fazu Aliyeva]]
File:Heydar Aliyev 25 January 2002.jpg|[[Heydar Aliyev]], [[President of Azerbaijan]]
File:Ирина Архипова и Владимир Путин, 2005.jpg|Opera singer [[Irina Arkhipova]]
File:Rasul Gamzatov.jpg|Poet [[Rasul Gamzatov]]
File:Michail-Gorbatschow.jpg|[[Mikhail Gorbachev]], [[President of the Soviet Union]]
File:Daniil Alexandrovich Granin.jpg|Author [[Daniil Granin]]
File:Vladimir Putin at award ceremonies (2017-05-24) 04 (cropped).jpg|Dancer and choreographer [[Yury Grigorovich]]
File:Michael Kalashnikov.jpg|Gun designer [[Mikhail Kalashnikov]]
File:Michael Kalashnikov.jpg|Gun designer [[Mikhail Kalashnikov]]
File:Gorbachev (cropped).png|[[Mikhail Gorbachev]], last [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
File:Patriarch Kirill of Moscow 2021 (cropped).jpg|[[Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow]]
File:Людмила Георгиевна Зыкина.jpg|[[Lyudmila Zykina]], national [[folk singer]] of [[Russia]].
File:Сергей Лавров (19-02-2025) (cropped).jpg|[[Sergey Lavrov]], [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia]]
File:Vyacheslav Lebedev 2023.jpg|[[Vyacheslav Lebedev (jurist)|Vyacheslav Lebedev]], [[Chief Justice of Russia]]
File:Dmitry Lihachev.jpg|Scholar of the Old Russian language and its literature [[Dmitry Likhachev]]
File:Alexander Lukashenko (2024 Victory Day) (cropped).jpg|[[Alexander Lukashenko]], [[President of Belarus]]
File:Валентина Матвиенко.jpg|[[Valentina Matviyenko]], [[Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)|Chairwoman of the Federation Council of Russia]]
File:Vladimir Putin at award ceremonies (2025-12-24) 14.jpg|Filmmaker [[Nikita Mikhalkov]]
File:Vladimir Putin 29 April 2008-5.jpg|Author [[Sergey Mikhalkov]]
File:Russian President Vladimir Putin presenting the Order of St Andrew the Apostle to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi 01.jpg|[[Narendra Modi]], [[Prime Minister of India]]
File:Nazarbayev Violante 1998.jpg|[[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], [[President of Kazakhstan]]
File:Pakhmutova November 2019.jpg|Composer [[Aleksandra Pakhmutova]]
File:Академик Петровский Б.В. и его ученик профессор Белорусов О.С (cropped).jpg|General surgeon, health minister of the Soviet Union [[Boris Petrovsky]]
File:Kazan cathedral mosque competition (2022-07-08) 07 (Şäymief cropped).jpg|[[Mintimer Shaimiev]], [[President of Tatarstan]]
File:Official portrait of Sergey Shoigu with awards.jpg|[[Sergei Shoigu]], [[Minister of Defence (Russia)|Minister of Defence of Russia]]
File:Shumakov with Order of Saint Apostol Andrew.jpg|[[Valery Shumakov]], founding father of organ transplants in Russia
File:Shumakov with Order of Saint Apostol Andrew.jpg|[[Valery Shumakov]], founding father of organ transplants in Russia
File:Official portrait of Sergey Shoigu with awards.jpg|[[Minister of Defence (Russia)|Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation]] [[Sergei Shoigu]]
File:AlexandrSolzhenitsynTrain (cropped).png|Author [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]
File:Dmitry Lihachev.jpg|Soviet Russian scholar [[Dmitry Likhachov]]
File:Xi Jinping March 2017.jpg|[[Xi Jinping]], [[President of China]]
File:Rasul Gamzatov.jpg|Poet [[Rasul Gamzatov]]
File:Herbert Efremov.png|Design engineer [[Gerbert Yefremov|Herbert Yefremov]]
File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Chinese President Xi Jinping (cropped).jpg|[[Xi Jinping]], [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]]
Vladimir Putin at award ceremonies (2023-05-23) 14.jpg|[[Valery Zorkin]], [[President of the Constitutional Court of Russia]]
File:Yury Grigorovich.jpg|Dancer and choreographer [[Yury Grigorovich]]
File:Людмила Георгиевна Зыкина.jpg|[[Lyudmila Zykina]], national [[folk singer]] of [[Russia]]
File:Daniil Alexandrovich Granin.jpg|Author [[Daniil Granin]]
File:Twice Hero of Socialist Labor Heydar Aliyev.jpg|President of Azerbaijan [[Heydar Aliyev]]
File:Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow.png|[[Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow]]
File:Nursultan Nazarbayev 27092007.jpg|President of Kazakhstan [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]]
File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg| [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]]
File:Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow 03 (cropped).jpg| [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus']], [[Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow]]  
File:Herbert Efremov.png|Design engineer [[Herbert Alexandrovich Yefremov|Herbert Yefremov]]  
File:Valentina Matviyenko Portrait.jpg|Politician [[Valentina Matviyenko]]
File:Пахмутова 2014 год.jpg|Composer [[Aleksandra Pakhmutova]]
File:Stamp of Russia 2011 No 1510 Boris Petrovsky.jpg|General surgeon, health minister of the Soviet Union  [[Boris Petrovsky]]
File:RIAN archive 395745 President of the Republic of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiyev.jpg|President of Tatarstan [[Mintimer Shaimiev]]
File:Fazu Alieva.jpg|Poet [[Fazu Aliyeva]]
File:Stamp of Russia 2012 No 1603 Irina Arkhipova.jpg|Opera singer [[Irina Arkhipova]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Order of St. Andrew (Russian Federation)|Order of St. Andrew}}
* [http://award.gov.ru/ The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation]
* [http://award.gov.ru/ The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation]
* [http://www.archons.org/archons/saint_andrew.asp Order of St Andrew ARCHONS of the Ecumenical Patriarch]
* [http://www.archons.org/archons/saint_andrew.asp Order of St Andrew ARCHONS of the Ecumenical Patriarch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608103022/http://www.archons.org/archons/saint_andrew.asp |date=8 June 2018 }}


{{Russian Awards}}
{{Russian Awards}}

Latest revision as of 00:21, 24 March 2026


This article is about the Russian order. For the Eastern Orthodox order, see Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
Imperial Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First-Called
Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного
Awarded by Head of the House of Romanov
TypeOrder of chivalry
Established1698
MottoЗа веру и верность
(For Faith and Loyalty)
StatusRarely constituted
SovereignGrand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna
Grand MasterGrand Duke George Mikhailovich
GradesKnight[citation needed]
Statistics
First induction1698 (Count Fyodor Golovin)
Precedence
Next (higher)None
Next (lower)Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
Order of Saint Catherine

Ribbon of the order
Decoration with collar (left) and with sash and star (right)
Photographed by User:Jane023. Place taken:"Photo of exhibition "Juwelen!" at Hermitage Amsterdam, 17 January 2020"
Star of the Order of Saint Andrew with diamonds.

The Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First-Called (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) is the highest order conferred by both the Russian Imperial Family (as an order of chivalry) and by the Russian Federation (as a state order). Established as the first and highest order of chivalry of the Russian Tsardom and the Russian Empire in 1698, it was removed from the honours system under the USSR before being re-established as the top Russian civil and military order in 1998.

Russian Empire[edit | edit source]

Origins[edit | edit source]

The Order was established in 1698 by Tsar Peter the Great, in honour of Saint Andrew, the first apostle of Jesus and patron saint of Russia. It was bestowed in a single class and was only awarded for the most outstanding civilian or military merit.

Peter learned of the practice of bestowing awards from his travels in the West during the Great Embassy. In the past, service to the Russian state was rewarded with money or large estates. He witnessed first hand the awards ceremonies for England's Order of the Garter and Austria's Order of the Golden Fleece and noticed the loyalty and pride of the awardees[citation needed]. It also saved the state land and money.

Count Fyodor Golovin was the first Knight of the order. Until the Russian Revolution of 1917, just over one thousand awards had been made. During the monarchy, Knights of the Order of St. Andrew also automatically were granted hereditary nobility and received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the White Eagle, the Order of Saint Anna and the Order St. Stanislaus Knight Grand Cross. Moreover, recipients of lower ranks were automatically promoted to the rank of lieutenant general or vice admiral. The Order of Saint Andrew continues to be awarded by the Russian Imperial House in exile, with most recent investitures having been conferred in 2021. The first post-revolutionary presentation was to Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia on attaining his dynastic majority in April 1923.[1][circular reference]

Due to a blue riband [ru] of the order, the French phrase Cordon Bleu, initially associated with Order of the Holy Spirit, also referred to knights St Andrew's order.[2][3]

Insignia[edit | edit source]

The insignia of the order consisted of:

  • Badge: an enamelled crowned black double-headed eagle bearing a blue St. Andrew's Cross (saltire) with St. Andrew crucified upon it; on the arms of the saltire were the Latin letters 'SAPR' ('St. Andrew, Patron of Russia'). It was worn on a pale blue sash over the right shoulder, or on special occasions on an elaborate 'collar' (chain).
  • Star: eight-pointed silver star bearing a miniature of the badge on a golden background at the centre, surrounded by the motto "For Faith and Loyalty" (Russian: За веру и верность Za Veru i Vernost') on a blue ring. It was worn on the left chest.

The insignia of the order could be awarded "with diamonds" as a special distinction. Saint Andrew's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg was the chapter church of this order of chivalry.

Knights[edit | edit source]

List of notable Knights[edit | edit source]

Russian Federation[edit | edit source]

Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called
Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного
Star, Sash and Collar of the Modern Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First Called
Awarded by
 the Russian Federation
TypeMilitary and Civilian Order
Established1998 (reestablished)
MottoЗа веру и верность
"For Faith and Loyalty"
EligibilityProminent State and Public Figures
Awarded forOutstanding Service to the State
StatusActive
GradesGrand Cross with Collar
Precedence
Next (higher)Hero of the Russian Federation
Next (lower)Order of St. George

Ribbon of the order

An order with the same name but with different insignia and statutes was first unofficially re-established by the Orthodox Church of Russia on 27 December 1988. The order was officially re-instated as the highest Russian civilian and military award by Presidential Decree No.757 on 1 June 1998.[4][5] The Order's award criteria were modified by Presidential Decree 1099 of 7 September 2010.[6][7]

Statute of the Order[edit | edit source]

The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called is used to award prominent statesmen and public figures, eminent representatives of science, culture, the arts and various industries for exceptional services, for promoting the prosperity, grandeur and glory of Russia.[8]

The Order may also be awarded to foreign heads of states for outstanding service to the Russian Federation.[8]

Insignia[edit | edit source]

The design of the insignia of the modern Order of St. Andrew has changed very little from the imperial design. It consists of:

  • a badge (double-headed eagle) attached to a chain (called a "collar") worn around the neck for very special circumstances, or more commonly on a 100 mm-wide blue sash worn over the right shoulder
  • a star worn on the left breast

The colour of the sash differs from the colour of the Imperial era, and resembles the shade of the sash of the British Order of the Garter. Members of the military division of the Order have crossed swords added below the crown above the two eagles' heads. On the reverse of the eagle on a white ribbon the motto of the Order appears inscribed in gold letters: «За веру и верность» ("For faith and loyalty").[8]

Recipients[edit | edit source]

List of notable recipients[edit | edit source]

Gallery[edit | edit source]

Select recipients:[9]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ ru:Пожалования титулов и орденов Российской империи после 1917 года
  2. ↑ Венчание русских государей на царство. Couronnement des souverains Russes.
  3. ↑ Jean-Henri Schnitzler. Secret History of the Court and Government of Russia Under the emperors Alexander and Nicholas
  4. ↑ "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 1998, No 442" (in русский). Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards. 15 December 1999. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  5. ↑ "О восстановлении ордена Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного". pravo.gov.ru.
  6. ↑ "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010, No 1099" (in русский). Russian Gazette. 7 September 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  7. ↑ "О мерах по совершенствованию государственной наградной системы Российской Федерации". pravo.gov.ru.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Statute of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle" (in русский). Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards. 15 December 1999. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  9. ↑ "Compiled from the site of the President of the Russian Federation" (in русский). Kremlin News. Retrieved 12 April 2019.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Russian Awards

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