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{{Short description|Religious beliefs in Arunachal Pradesh (India)}} | |||
{{more citations needed|date=September 2016}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}} | ||
{{Pie chart | {{Pie chart | ||
|thumb = right | |thumb = right | ||
|caption = Religion in Arunachal Pradesh (2011)<ref name="census_2011_religion">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=Population by religious community - 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |accessdate=25 August 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archivedate=25 August 2015}}</ref> | |caption = Religion in Arunachal Pradesh (2011)<ref name="census_2011_religion">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=Population by religious community - 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |accessdate=25 August 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archivedate=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arunachal Pradesh Hindu Muslim Population |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/state/12-arunachal-pradesh.html |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> | ||
|label1 = [[Christianity in Arunachal Pradesh|Christianity]] | |label1 = [[Christianity in Arunachal Pradesh|Christianity]] | ||
|value1 = 30.26 | |value1 = 30.26 | ||
| Line 10: | Line 11: | ||
|label2 = [[Hinduism]] | |label2 = [[Hinduism]] | ||
|value2 = 29.04 | |value2 = 29.04 | ||
|color2 = Orange | |color2 = Dark Orange | ||
|label3 = [[Donyi-Polo]] | |label3 = [[Donyi-Polo]] | ||
|value3 = 26.2 | |value3 = 26.2 | ||
|color3 = | |color3 = Brown | ||
|label4 = [[Buddhism]] | |label4 = [[Buddhism]] | ||
|value4 = 11.76 | |value4 = 11.76 | ||
|color4 = | |color4 = Gold | ||
|label5 = [[Islam]] | |label5 = [[Islam]] | ||
|value5 = 1.9 | |value5 = 1.9 | ||
| Line 22: | Line 23: | ||
|label6 = Other | |label6 = Other | ||
|value6 = 0.84 | |value6 = 0.84 | ||
|color6 = | |color6 = Gray | ||
}} | }} | ||
Owing to its ethnic and cultural diversity, '''religion in [[Arunachal Pradesh]]''' has been a spot for the [[syncretism]] of different traditional religions. Much of the native Tani populations follow an indigenous belief which has been systematised under the banner "[[Donyi-Polo]]" (Sun-Moon) since the spread of [[Christianity]] in the region by Christian missionaries in the second half of the 20th century. The province is also home to a substantial [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] population in the north and northwest who follow [[Tibetan Buddhism]], of ethnic groups who subscribe to [[Hinduism]],<ref>{{cite | Owing to its ethnic and cultural diversity, '''religion in [[Arunachal Pradesh]]''' has been a spot for the [[syncretism]] of different traditional religions. Much of the native Tani populations follow an indigenous belief which has been systematised under the banner "[[Donyi-Polo]]" (Sun-Moon) since the spread of [[Christianity]] in the region by Christian missionaries in the second half of the 20th century. The province is also home to a substantial [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] population in the north and northwest who follow [[Tibetan Buddhism]], of ethnic groups who subscribe to [[Hinduism]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-churches-in-arunachal-pradesh-are-facing-resistance-over-conversion-of-tribals/articleshow/61703687.cms|title=How churches in Arunachal Pradesh are facing resistance over conversion of tribals|newspaper=The Economic Times |last1=Katiyar |first1=Prerna }}</ref> and other religious populations. Christianity is followed by over 30.26% of the population, mostly by natives. | ||
==Statistics== | ==Statistics== | ||
{|class="wikitable sortable | {{Table alignment}} | ||
|+ | {| class="wikitable sortable defaultright col1left" | ||
!Religion !! | |+ Religious Statistics of Arunachal Pradesh | ||
! rowspan="2" |Religion !! colspan="2" | 1971<ref name="Rel1981"/> !! colspan="2" | 1981<ref name="Rel1981">{{cite web|title=Household Population by Religion of Head of Household, Series-1, Paper 3 of 1984, India - Census 1981 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30879/download/34060/26795_1981_HH.pdf |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> !! colspan="2" | 1991<ref>{{cite web|title=C-9 Religion , INDIA - 1991 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/35737/download/39400/1991-C09T-0100.xlsx |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> !! colspan="2" | 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=C-01: Population by religious community, Arunachal Pradesh - 2001 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21474/download/24606/PC01_C01_12.xls |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> !! colspan="2" | 2011<ref name="religion2">{{cite web|publisher=Census Department, Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html|title=Indian Census 2011|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! Pop. || % || Pop. || % || Pop. || % || Pop. || % || Pop. || % | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Buddhism]] || 61,400 || 13.13 || 86,483 || 13.69 || 111,372 || 12.88 || 143,028 || 13.03 || 162,815 || 11.77 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Christianity in Arunachal Pradesh|Christianity]] || 3,684 || 0.79 || 27,306 || 4.32 || 89,013 || 10.30 || 205,548 || 18.72 || 418,732 || 30.26 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Hinduism]] || 102,832 || 22.00 || 184,732 || 29.24 || 320,212 || 37.04 || 379,935 || 34.6 || 401,876 || 29.04 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Islam]] || 842 || 0.18 || 5,073 || 0.80 || 11,922 || 1.38 || 20,675 || 1.88 || 27,045 || 1.95 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Jainism || 216 || 771 | | [[Jainism]] || 39 || 0.01 || 42 || 0.01 || 64 || 0.01 || 216 || 0.02 || 771 || 0.06 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Sikhism]] || 1,255 || 0.27 || 1,231 || 0.19 || 1,205 || 0.14 || 1,865 || 0.17 || 3,287 || 0.24 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{abbr|ORP|Other Religions and Persuasions}} || 296,674 || 63.46 || 326,000 || 51.6 || 313,118 || 36.22 || 337,399 || 30.73 || 362,553 || 26.2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Total || 1,097,968 || 1,383,727 | | Not stated || 785 || 0.17 || 972 || 0.15 || 17,652 || 2.04 || 9,302 || 0.85 || 6,648 || 0.48 | ||
|- class="sortbottom" | |||
! Total || 467,511 || 100 || 631,839 || 100 || 864,558 || 100 || 1,097,968 || 100 || 1,383,727 || 100 | |||
|} | |} | ||
==Hindu influence on Donyi Poloism== | |||
Ever since the founding of the [[Donyi Polo]] religion by Daadi Botté [[Talom Rukbo]], the indigenous religious movement has been heavily influenced by Hinduism.<ref name=B1>{{Cite news|url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/elections-2014/rss-turns-arunachal-tribals-towards-hinduism-114042900231_1.html|title=RSS turns Arunachal tribals towards Hinduism|date=1 May 2014|first=Nitin|last=Sethi|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=2 February 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite news|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/india/target-northeast-how-rss-plans-to-make-region-saffron/story-YZGPkOBXb6tS301BvpunpJ.html|title=Target northeast: How RSS plans to make region saffron|date=2014-12-13|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2017-11-13|language=en}}</ref> Donyi Poloism, along with other ancient religions, such as Hinduism, share a common belief on nature and the philosophy of maintaining the balance of nature. There was a fear among the followers in the early days of the movement that the religion would be incorporated into Hinduism as a result. This was refuted by Daadi Botté Talom Rukbo himself in a religious conference <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8dc2AwAAQBAJ&q=talom+rukbo+speech&pg=PA55|title=On Top of the Old Tak|last=Kumar|first=Dr N. Dilip|date=2014-03-20|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|isbn=9781480906518|language=en}}</ref> when he established similarities between Donyi Polo and [[Bon|Bön]], ancient [[Maya religion]], Egyptian [[Ra]] Sun Worship, [[Tengrism|Tengri]] Worship & Japanese [[Shinto]] religion; and as such, all the world's ancient religions share a singular philosophy and are a part of a [[Mitakuye Oyasin|world community]] of nature worshippers and thus, asserted the need for a more independent approach.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://arunachalobserver.org/2017/06/19/donyi-poloism-taking-roots-arunachal-pradesh/|title=Donyi-Poloism taking roots in Arunachal Pradesh {{!}} Arunachal Observer|date=2017-06-19|work=Arunachal Observer|access-date=2017-11-13|language=en-US}}</ref> A prominent Donyi Polo worship place in [[Aalo]] town is reminiscent of a Hindu temple. External influence upon the local indigenous religious traditions has been met with increasing opposition and severity among the [[Abotani|Tani]] intellectuals.<ref name=B1 /> | |||
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However a large number of the Donyi Polo followers still identify themselves as Hindu in the Census because the poll does not recognise the indigenous religion and thus, avoid selecting the "others" option.<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/> | |||
== Buddhism == | |||
Buddhism arrived in Arunachal Pradesh in 8th century CE from Tibet.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sahapedia.org/theravada-buddhist-monasteries-arunachal-pradesh-study-art-and-visual-culture#:~:text=While%20Mahayana%20Buddhism%20arrived%20in,%2Dday%20Myanmar)%2C%20settled%20in | title=Theravada Buddhist Monasteries of Arunachal Pradesh: A Study of Art and Visual Culture }}</ref> | |||
== Christianity == | == Christianity == | ||
{{main|Christianity in Arunachal Pradesh}} | {{main|Christianity in Arunachal Pradesh}} | ||
Christians comprise about one-third of the total population of Arunachal Pradesh.<ref name="census_2011_religion"/> Most of these are [[Roman Catholic]]s, while some are [[Baptists]]. There has been a rise in the Christian population of the state. Some say that this is due to conversions, while experts attribute this to the effect of migration on the small population of the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/christian-population-on-the-rise-in-arunachal-pradesh-manipur/story-8Go2uITu2BLFJ547MPwohM.html|title=Christian population on the rise in Arunachal Pradesh|date=8 March 2017|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=9 February 2019}}</ref> | Christians comprise about one-third of the total population of Arunachal Pradesh.<ref name="census_2011_religion"/> Most of these are [[Roman Catholic]]s, while some are [[Baptists]]. There has been a rise in the Christian population of the state. Some say that this is due to conversions, while experts attribute this to the effect of migration on the small population of the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/christian-population-on-the-rise-in-arunachal-pradesh-manipur/story-8Go2uITu2BLFJ547MPwohM.html|title=Christian population on the rise in Arunachal Pradesh|date=8 March 2017|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=9 February 2019}}</ref> | ||
== Islam == | |||
History of the Muslims in Arunachal Pradesh unknown<!-- Unknown word here because there is no academics paper available to discuss the history of Islam in Arunachal and Sikkim, I know there is a Mosque which is built around early 1826 source:-https://web.archive.org/web/20250119085151/https://tezpuronline.in/bada-massjid/ ) --> but it is believed that it start from the arrival of Muslims from neighbouring state of [[Assam]], constituting both [[Islam in Assam|Assamese]], [[Bengali people]], and some small number of local converts.<ref name=":0" /> Currently there are 1.95% Muslims reside in Arunachal Pradesh according to the latest [[2011 census of India|2011 population census]].<ref>{{cite web | |||
| title = Arunachal Pradesh Hindu Muslim Population | |||
| url = https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/state/12-arunachal-pradesh.html | |||
| date = 2024-08-25 | |||
| archiveurl = https://archive.today/20240825050242/https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/state/12-arunachal-pradesh.html | |||
| archivedate = 2024-08-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | |||
| title = Muslims in Arunachal Pradesh disband 'Tribal Muslim Youth Forum' - The Kashmir Times. | |||
| url = https://kashmirtimes.com/muslims-in-arunachal-pradesh-disband-tribal-muslim-youth-forum/ | |||
| date = 2024-08-25 | |||
| archiveurl = https://archive.today/20240825044205/https://kashmirtimes.com/muslims-in-arunachal-pradesh-disband-tribal-muslim-youth-forum/ | |||
| archivedate = 2024-08-25 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ORGI |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114034625/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html |archive-date=2019-11-14 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> Recently there is a self dissolution of ''All Arunachal Pradesh Tribal Muslim Youth's Forum'' because of sharp unacceptence about indigenous Muslim community which has resulted a big criticism from others.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | |||
| title = Org expresses concern over tribal Muslim youth forum - The Arunachal Times | |||
| url = https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/08/10/org-expresses-concern-over-tribal-muslim-youth-forum/ | |||
| date = 2024-08-25 | |||
| archiveurl = https://archive.today/20240825045447/https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/08/10/org-expresses-concern-over-tribal-muslim-youth-forum/ | |||
| archivedate = 2024-08-25 }}</ref> | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Demographics of Arunachal Pradesh]] | |||
* [[Golden Pagoda, Namsai]] | * [[Golden Pagoda, Namsai]] | ||
* [[Tawang Monastery]] | * [[Tawang Monastery]] | ||
| Line 92: | Line 98: | ||
[[Category:Religion in Arunachal Pradesh| ]] | [[Category:Religion in Arunachal Pradesh| ]] | ||
[[Category:Religion in India by state or union territory|Arunachal Pradesh]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:11, 26 March 2026
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2016) |
Religion in Arunachal Pradesh (2011)[1][2]
Owing to its ethnic and cultural diversity, religion in Arunachal Pradesh has been a spot for the syncretism of different traditional religions. Much of the native Tani populations follow an indigenous belief which has been systematised under the banner "Donyi-Polo" (Sun-Moon) since the spread of Christianity in the region by Christian missionaries in the second half of the 20th century. The province is also home to a substantial Tibetan Buddhist population in the north and northwest who follow Tibetan Buddhism, of ethnic groups who subscribe to Hinduism,[3] and other religious populations. Christianity is followed by over 30.26% of the population, mostly by natives.
Statistics[edit | edit source]
| Religion | 1971[4] | 1981[4] | 1991[5] | 2001[6] | 2011[7] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| Buddhism | 61,400 | 13.13 | 86,483 | 13.69 | 111,372 | 12.88 | 143,028 | 13.03 | 162,815 | 11.77 |
| Christianity | 3,684 | 0.79 | 27,306 | 4.32 | 89,013 | 10.30 | 205,548 | 18.72 | 418,732 | 30.26 |
| Hinduism | 102,832 | 22.00 | 184,732 | 29.24 | 320,212 | 37.04 | 379,935 | 34.6 | 401,876 | 29.04 |
| Islam | 842 | 0.18 | 5,073 | 0.80 | 11,922 | 1.38 | 20,675 | 1.88 | 27,045 | 1.95 |
| Jainism | 39 | 0.01 | 42 | 0.01 | 64 | 0.01 | 216 | 0.02 | 771 | 0.06 |
| Sikhism | 1,255 | 0.27 | 1,231 | 0.19 | 1,205 | 0.14 | 1,865 | 0.17 | 3,287 | 0.24 |
| ORP | 296,674 | 63.46 | 326,000 | 51.6 | 313,118 | 36.22 | 337,399 | 30.73 | 362,553 | 26.2 |
| Not stated | 785 | 0.17 | 972 | 0.15 | 17,652 | 2.04 | 9,302 | 0.85 | 6,648 | 0.48 |
| Total | 467,511 | 100 | 631,839 | 100 | 864,558 | 100 | 1,097,968 | 100 | 1,383,727 | 100 |
Hindu influence on Donyi Poloism[edit | edit source]
Ever since the founding of the Donyi Polo religion by Daadi Botté Talom Rukbo, the indigenous religious movement has been heavily influenced by Hinduism.[8][9] Donyi Poloism, along with other ancient religions, such as Hinduism, share a common belief on nature and the philosophy of maintaining the balance of nature. There was a fear among the followers in the early days of the movement that the religion would be incorporated into Hinduism as a result. This was refuted by Daadi Botté Talom Rukbo himself in a religious conference [10] when he established similarities between Donyi Polo and Bön, ancient Maya religion, Egyptian Ra Sun Worship, Tengri Worship & Japanese Shinto religion; and as such, all the world's ancient religions share a singular philosophy and are a part of a world community of nature worshippers and thus, asserted the need for a more independent approach.[11] A prominent Donyi Polo worship place in Aalo town is reminiscent of a Hindu temple. External influence upon the local indigenous religious traditions has been met with increasing opposition and severity among the Tani intellectuals.[8]
However a large number of the Donyi Polo followers still identify themselves as Hindu in the Census because the poll does not recognise the indigenous religion and thus, avoid selecting the "others" option.[9]
Buddhism[edit | edit source]
Buddhism arrived in Arunachal Pradesh in 8th century CE from Tibet.[12]
Christianity[edit | edit source]
Christians comprise about one-third of the total population of Arunachal Pradesh.[1] Most of these are Roman Catholics, while some are Baptists. There has been a rise in the Christian population of the state. Some say that this is due to conversions, while experts attribute this to the effect of migration on the small population of the state.[13]
Islam[edit | edit source]
History of the Muslims in Arunachal Pradesh unknown but it is believed that it start from the arrival of Muslims from neighbouring state of Assam, constituting both Assamese, Bengali people, and some small number of local converts.[14] Currently there are 1.95% Muslims reside in Arunachal Pradesh according to the latest 2011 population census.[15][16][17] Recently there is a self dissolution of All Arunachal Pradesh Tribal Muslim Youth's Forum because of sharp unacceptence about indigenous Muslim community which has resulted a big criticism from others.[14]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Demographics of Arunachal Pradesh
- Golden Pagoda, Namsai
- Tawang Monastery
- Si-Donyi Festival
- Rangfrah, revivalist movement of Tangsa traditional spirituality
- Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Population by religious community - 2011". 2011 Census of India. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ↑ "Arunachal Pradesh Hindu Muslim Population". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
- ↑ Katiyar, Prerna. "How churches in Arunachal Pradesh are facing resistance over conversion of tribals". The Economic Times.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Household Population by Religion of Head of Household, Series-1, Paper 3 of 1984, India - Census 1981" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
- ↑ "C-9 Religion , INDIA - 1991". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
- ↑ "C-01: Population by religious community, Arunachal Pradesh - 2001". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
- ↑ "Indian Census 2011". Census Department, Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sethi, Nitin (1 May 2014). "RSS turns Arunachal tribals towards Hinduism". Business Standard. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Target northeast: How RSS plans to make region saffron". hindustantimes.com/. 13 December 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ Kumar, Dr N. Dilip (20 March 2014). On Top of the Old Tak. Dorrance Publishing. ISBN 9781480906518.
- ↑ "Donyi-Poloism taking roots in Arunachal Pradesh | Arunachal Observer". Arunachal Observer. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ "Theravada Buddhist Monasteries of Arunachal Pradesh: A Study of Art and Visual Culture".
- ↑ "Christian population on the rise in Arunachal Pradesh". Hindustan Times. 8 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Org expresses concern over tribal Muslim youth forum - The Arunachal Times". 25 August 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Arunachal Pradesh Hindu Muslim Population". 25 August 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Muslims in Arunachal Pradesh disband 'Tribal Muslim Youth Forum' - The Kashmir Times". 25 August 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ ORGI. "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2025.