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{{Short description|Commoration observed on 14 December in Bangladesh}} | {{Short description|Commoration observed on 14 December in Bangladesh}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox holiday | {{Infobox holiday | ||
|holiday_name = | |holiday_name = Martyred Intellectuals Day | ||
|type = National | |type = National | ||
|longtype = | |longtype = | ||
|image = A Partial View of Rayerbazar Boddhobhumi-1.JPG | |image = A Partial View of Rayerbazar Boddhobhumi-1.JPG | ||
|caption = [[Martyred Intellectuals Memorial]] at [[Rayer Bazaar]], [[Dhaka]] | |caption = [[Martyred Intellectuals Memorial]] at [[Rayer Bazaar]], [[Dhaka]] | ||
|official_name = {{ | |official_name = {{langx|bn|শহীদ বুদ্ধিজীবী দিবস }} {{lang|bn-Latn|Śôhīd Buddhijībī Dibôs}} | ||
|nickname = | |nickname = | ||
|observedby = [[Bangladesh]] | |observedby = [[Bangladesh]] | ||
|significance = Commemoration of [[1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals|executions of Bengali intellectuals]] | |significance = Commemoration of [[1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals|executions of Bengali intellectuals]] | ||
|duration | |duration = 1 day | ||
|frequency | |frequency = Annual | ||
|scheduling | |scheduling = same day each year | ||
|date = 14 December | |date = 14 December | ||
|celebrations = | |celebrations = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Martyred Intellectuals Day''' ({{ | '''Martyred Intellectuals Day''' ({{langx|bn|শহীদ বুদ্ধিজীবী দিবস|Śôhīd Buddhijībī Dibôs}}) is observed on 14 December in Bangladesh to commemorate the large number of Bangladeshi [[intellectual]]s killed by [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh' s Watershed War Crimes Moment |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-21133320 |location= |publisher=BBC |date=2013-01-21 |access-date=2025-03-03}}</ref> the collaborators of [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani forces]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], particularly on [[1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals|25 March and 14 December 1971]].<ref name=Rahman>{{cite book |last=Rahman |first=Syedur |title=Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh |year=2002 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-81-7094-588-8 |page=196 |author2=Craig Baxter |author2-link=Craig Baxter}}</ref><ref name=Banglapedia>{{citation |author=Muazzam Hussain Khan |chapter=Killing of Intellectuals |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Killing_of_Intellectuals |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref> The killings were undertaken with the goal of annihilating the intellectual class of what was then [[East Pakistan]]. On [[Victory Day (Bangladesh)|16 December]], Bangladesh became independent through the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender|surrender of Pakistani forces]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Pakistan surrendered in 1971 |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/dec/20jacob.htm |work=Rediff}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
{{Main | {{Main|1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals}} | ||
[[File: | [[File:A Partial View of Mirpur Boddhobhumi-4.jpg|thumb|[[Martyred Intellectuals Memorial, Mirpur|Mirpur Martyred Intellectuals Memorial and Graveyard]]]] | ||
The | The Bangladesh Liberation War against the country West Pakistan began on 26 March 1971, grew into the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], and ended with the victory of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971. On 14 December, sensing imminent defeat, Pakistani forces and their local collaborators— [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]] —abducted and killed front-line Bengali intellectuals and professionals in order to cripple the new nation intellectually.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2007/12/14/bangladesh-observes-martyred-intellectual-day-1197628649.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054548/http://news.oneindia.in/2007/12/14/bangladesh-observes-martyred-intellectual-day-1197628649.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2013 |title=Bangladesh observes Martyred Intellectual Day |date=14 December 2007 |work=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref> Renowned academics, teachers, intellectuals, doctors, engineers, journalists, and other eminent personalities were dragged out of their houses, blindfolded, and killed. Their bodies were dumped in [[Rayer Bazaar|Rayerbazar]], Mirpur, and other killing grounds in [[Dhaka]] just two days ahead of the final victory of the war.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=2331520&date=2012-12-14 |title=DU set to observe Martyred Intellectuals Day, Victory Day |work=The News Today |access-date=14 December 2012}}</ref> | ||
During the nine-month duration of the war, the Pakistani Army, with the assistance of local collaborators systematically executed an estimated 991 teachers, 13 journalists, 49 physicians, 42 lawyers, and 16 writers, artists and engineers. Even after the official ending of the war on 16 December there were reports of killings being committed by either the armed Pakistani soldiers or by their collaborators. In one such incident, notable filmmaker [[Jahir Raihan]] was killed on 30 January 1972 in Mirpur allegedly by the armed Beharis. In memory of the | During the nine-month duration of the war, the Pakistani Army, with the assistance of local collaborators, systematically executed an estimated 991 teachers, 13 journalists, 49 physicians, 42 lawyers, and 16 writers, artists, and engineers. Even after the official ending of the war on 16 December, there were reports of killings being committed by either the armed Pakistani soldiers or by their collaborators. In one such incident, notable filmmaker [[Jahir Raihan]] was killed on 30 January 1972 in Mirpur allegedly by the armed Beharis. In memory of the people who were killed, 14 December is observed in Bangladesh as ''Shaheed Buddhijibi Dibôsh'' (Day of the Martyred Intellectuals).<ref>{{cite news |last=Shahiduzzaman |date=15 December 2005 |title=No count of the nation's intellectual loss |url=http://www.newagebd.com/2005/dec/15/murdered/murdered.html |work=New Age |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201162513/http://www.newagebd.com/2005/dec/15/murdered/murdered.html |archive-date=1 December 2010}}</ref> | ||
Notable intellectuals who were killed during the time period of 25 March to 16 December 1971 in different parts of the country include Dhaka University professors [[Govinda Chandra Dev]] (philosophy), [[Munier Chowdhury]] (Bengali literature), [[Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury]] (Bengali literature), [[Anwar Pasha]] (Bengali literature), [[Dr Abul Khair|Abul Khair]] (history), [[Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta]] (English literature), Humayun Kabir (English literature), [[Rashidul Hasan]] (English literature), [[Ghyasuddin Ahmed]], [[Sirajul Haque Khan]], [[Faizul Mahi]], [[Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya]]<ref name=Gallows>{{cite news |title=Gallows for Mueen, Ashraf |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/gallows-for-mueen-ashraf/ |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=3 November | Notable intellectuals who were killed during the time period of 25 March to 16 December 1971 in different parts of the country include Dhaka University professors [[Govinda Chandra Dev]] (philosophy), [[Munier Chowdhury]] (Bengali literature), [[Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury]] (Bengali literature), [[Anwar Pasha]] (Bengali literature), [[Dr Abul Khair|Abul Khair]] (history), [[Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta]] (English literature), Humayun Kabir (English literature), [[Rashidul Hasan]] (English literature), [[Ghyasuddin Ahmed]], [[Sirajul Haque Khan]], [[Faizul Mahi]], [[Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya]]<ref name=Gallows>{{cite news |title=Gallows for Mueen, Ashraf |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/gallows-for-mueen-ashraf/ |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=3 November 2013}}</ref> and Saidul Hassan (physics), Rajshahi University professors Hobibur Rahman (mathematics), Sukhranjan Somaddar (Sanskrit), and Mir Abdul Quaiyum (psychology), as well as [[Mohammed Fazle Rabbee]] (cardiologist), [[AFM Alim Chowdhury]] (ophthalmologist), [[Shahidullah Kaiser]] (journalist), [[Nizamuddin Ahmed]] (journalist),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://adnan.quaium.com/blog/56 |title=Story of a Martyred Intellectual of 71's war |work=Adnan's Den |access-date=10 February 2015 |date=13 December 2007}}</ref> [[Selina Parvin]] (journalist), [[Altaf Mahmud]] (lyricist and musician), [[Dhirendranath Datta]] (lawyer), Jahir Raihan (novelist, journalist, and film director), and [[Ranadaprasad Saha]] (philanthropist).<ref name="daily-sun2">{{cite news |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_03-05-2013_ICT-issues-arrest-order-against-Mueen,-Ashrafuzzaman_485_1_2_1_0.html |title=ICT issues arrest order against Mueen, Ashrafuzzaman |work=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]] |date=3 May 2013 |access-date=3 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104105107/http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_03-05-2013_ICT-issues-arrest-order-against-Mueen%2C-Ashrafuzzaman_485_1_2_1_0.html |archive-date=4 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="DS-Tamanna">{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Tamanna |date=4 November 2013 |title=It was matricide |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/it-was-matricide/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=7 November 2013}}</ref> | ||
==Memorial== | ==Memorial== | ||
{{main|Martyred Intellectuals Memorial}} | {{main|Martyred Intellectuals Memorial}} | ||
[[File:2. শহীদ বুদ্ধিজীবী স্মৃতিসৌধ.jpg|thumb|Rayerbazar Martyred Intellectuals Memorial]] | [[File:2. শহীদ বুদ্ধিজীবী স্মৃতিসৌধ.jpg|thumb|Rayerbazar Martyred Intellectuals Memorial]] | ||
In memory of those killed, a memorial known as the Martyred Intellectuals Memorial (''Badhya Bhumi Smriti Soudha'') was built at Rayer Bazaar,<ref name=Momen>{{cite book |last=Momen |first=Abul |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |year=2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-5318-8 |page=403 |editor1=Meghna Guhathakurta |editor2=Willem van Schendel}}</ref> [[Mohammadpur Thana]] in [[Dhaka]], in 1996–99.<ref name="mdpurthana">{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Syed Shabbir |year=2012 |chapter=Mohammadpur Thana (Dhaka Metropolitan) |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadpur_Thana_%28Dhaka_Metropolitan%29 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> The memorial was designed by architect Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi.<ref name="Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi">{{cite book |last=Amin |first=Md. Shahidul |year=2012 |chapter=Badhya Bhumi Smriti Soudha |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Badhya_Bhumi_Smriti_Soudha |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Zaman |first=Mustafa |date=12 December 2003 |title=Icons of History |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2003/12/02/coverstory.htm |work=Star Magazine |publisher=The Daily Star}} | In memory of those killed, a memorial known as the Martyred Intellectuals Memorial (''Badhya Bhumi Smriti Soudha'') was built at Rayer Bazaar,<ref name=Momen>{{cite book |last=Momen |first=Abul |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |year=2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-5318-8 |page=403 |editor1=Meghna Guhathakurta |editor2=Willem van Schendel}}</ref> [[Mohammadpur Thana]] in [[Dhaka]], in 1996–99.<ref name="mdpurthana">{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Syed Shabbir |year=2012 |chapter=Mohammadpur Thana (Dhaka Metropolitan) |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadpur_Thana_%28Dhaka_Metropolitan%29 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> The memorial was designed by architect Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi.<ref name="Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi">{{cite book |last=Amin |first=Md. Shahidul |year=2012 |chapter=Badhya Bhumi Smriti Soudha |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Badhya_Bhumi_Smriti_Soudha |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Zaman |first=Mustafa |date=12 December 2003 |title=Icons of History |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2003/12/02/coverstory.htm |work=Star Magazine |publisher=The Daily Star}}</ref> The initial proposal for a memorial at Rayer Bazar was brought forward by Projonmo 71 (organisation of the children of the martyrs of liberation war), who also laid a temporary foundation stone in 1991.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Operation Searchlight]] | * [[Operation Searchlight]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Bangladesh genocide]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Bangladesh Genocide Remembrance Day]] | ||
*[[Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War]] | * [[Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 48: | Line 47: | ||
{{Bangladesh Liberation War}} | {{Bangladesh Liberation War}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals]] | ||
[[Category:Genocide remembrance days]] | |||
[[Category:December observances]] | [[Category:December observances]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Memorials to Bangladesh Liberation War]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:15, 22 February 2026
| Martyred Intellectuals Day | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Official name | Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Śôhīd Buddhijībī Dibôs |
| Observed by | Bangladesh |
| Significance | Commemoration of executions of Bengali intellectuals |
| Date | 14 December |
| Next time | 14 December 2026 |
| Frequency | Annual |
Martyred Intellectuals Day (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) is observed on 14 December in Bangladesh to commemorate the large number of Bangladeshi intellectuals killed by Al-Badr,[1] the collaborators of Pakistani forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War, particularly on 25 March and 14 December 1971.[2][3] The killings were undertaken with the goal of annihilating the intellectual class of what was then East Pakistan. On 16 December, Bangladesh became independent through the surrender of Pakistani forces.[4]
History[edit | edit source]
The Bangladesh Liberation War against the country West Pakistan began on 26 March 1971, grew into the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, and ended with the victory of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971. On 14 December, sensing imminent defeat, Pakistani forces and their local collaborators— Al-Badr —abducted and killed front-line Bengali intellectuals and professionals in order to cripple the new nation intellectually.[5] Renowned academics, teachers, intellectuals, doctors, engineers, journalists, and other eminent personalities were dragged out of their houses, blindfolded, and killed. Their bodies were dumped in Rayerbazar, Mirpur, and other killing grounds in Dhaka just two days ahead of the final victory of the war.[6]
During the nine-month duration of the war, the Pakistani Army, with the assistance of local collaborators, systematically executed an estimated 991 teachers, 13 journalists, 49 physicians, 42 lawyers, and 16 writers, artists, and engineers. Even after the official ending of the war on 16 December, there were reports of killings being committed by either the armed Pakistani soldiers or by their collaborators. In one such incident, notable filmmaker Jahir Raihan was killed on 30 January 1972 in Mirpur allegedly by the armed Beharis. In memory of the people who were killed, 14 December is observed in Bangladesh as Shaheed Buddhijibi Dibôsh (Day of the Martyred Intellectuals).[7]
Notable intellectuals who were killed during the time period of 25 March to 16 December 1971 in different parts of the country include Dhaka University professors Govinda Chandra Dev (philosophy), Munier Chowdhury (Bengali literature), Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury (Bengali literature), Anwar Pasha (Bengali literature), Abul Khair (history), Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta (English literature), Humayun Kabir (English literature), Rashidul Hasan (English literature), Ghyasuddin Ahmed, Sirajul Haque Khan, Faizul Mahi, Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya[8] and Saidul Hassan (physics), Rajshahi University professors Hobibur Rahman (mathematics), Sukhranjan Somaddar (Sanskrit), and Mir Abdul Quaiyum (psychology), as well as Mohammed Fazle Rabbee (cardiologist), AFM Alim Chowdhury (ophthalmologist), Shahidullah Kaiser (journalist), Nizamuddin Ahmed (journalist),[9] Selina Parvin (journalist), Altaf Mahmud (lyricist and musician), Dhirendranath Datta (lawyer), Jahir Raihan (novelist, journalist, and film director), and Ranadaprasad Saha (philanthropist).[10][11]
Memorial[edit | edit source]
In memory of those killed, a memorial known as the Martyred Intellectuals Memorial (Badhya Bhumi Smriti Soudha) was built at Rayer Bazaar,[12] Mohammadpur Thana in Dhaka, in 1996–99.[13] The memorial was designed by architect Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi.[14][15] The initial proposal for a memorial at Rayer Bazar was brought forward by Projonmo 71 (organisation of the children of the martyrs of liberation war), who also laid a temporary foundation stone in 1991.[citation needed]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Operation Searchlight
- Bangladesh genocide
- Bangladesh Genocide Remembrance Day
- Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Bangladesh' s Watershed War Crimes Moment". BBC. 21 January 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
- ↑ Rahman, Syedur; Craig Baxter (2002). Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh. Scarecrow Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-81-7094-588-8.
- ↑ Muazzam Hussain Khan (2012), "Killing of Intellectuals", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
- ↑ "How Pakistan surrendered in 1971". Rediff.
- ↑ "Bangladesh observes Martyred Intellectual Day". Oneindia. 14 December 2007. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013.
- ↑ "DU set to observe Martyred Intellectuals Day, Victory Day". The News Today. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
- ↑ Shahiduzzaman (15 December 2005). "No count of the nation's intellectual loss". New Age. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010.
- ↑ "Gallows for Mueen, Ashraf". The Daily Star. 3 November 2013.
- ↑ "Story of a Martyred Intellectual of 71's war". Adnan's Den. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
- ↑ "ICT issues arrest order against Mueen, Ashrafuzzaman". Daily Sun. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ↑ Khan, Tamanna (4 November 2013). "It was matricide". The Daily Star. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
- ↑ Momen, Abul (2013). Meghna Guhathakurta; Willem van Schendel (eds.). The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Duke University Press. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-8223-5318-8.
- ↑ Ahmed, Syed Shabbir (2012). "Mohammadpur Thana (Dhaka Metropolitan)". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ↑ Amin, Md. Shahidul (2012). "Badhya Bhumi Smriti Soudha". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ↑ Zaman, Mustafa (12 December 2003). "Icons of History". Star Magazine. The Daily Star.
