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|image = Michel Joachim Marie Raymond.jpg | |image = Michel Joachim Marie Raymond.jpg | ||
|image_upright = | |image_upright = | ||
|alt = | |alt = Monsieur Raymond | ||
|caption = | |caption = Monsieur Raymond | ||
|native_name = Michel Joachim Marie Raymond | |native_name = Michel Joachim Marie Raymond | ||
|native_name_lang = French | |native_name_lang = French | ||
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|nickname = Musa Ram and Musa Rahim | |nickname = Musa Ram and Musa Rahim | ||
|birth_date = {{birth date|1755|09|25}} | |birth_date = {{birth date|1755|09|25}} | ||
|birth_place = [[Sérignac, Tarn-et-Garonne]] | |birth_place = [[Sérignac, Tarn-et-Garonne]], [[Kingdom of France]] | ||
|death_date = {{death date and age|1798|03|25|1755|09|25}} | |death_date = {{death date and age|1798|03|25|1755|09|25}} | ||
|death_place = [[Hyderabad, India]] | |death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Mughal Empire]] in present-day [[India]] | ||
|placeofburial = [[Raymond's Tomb]] | |placeofburial = [[Raymond's Tomb]] | ||
|placeofburial_label = | |placeofburial_label = | ||
|placeofburial_coordinates = | |placeofburial_coordinates = | ||
|allegiance = {{Plainlist| | |allegiance = {{Plainlist| | ||
*[[Kingdom of Mysore]] ( | *[[Kingdom of Mysore]] (1778–1783) | ||
* | *French EIC (1783–1785) | ||
*[[Hyderabad State]] (1785-1798) | *[[Hyderabad State]] (1785-1798) | ||
}} | }} | ||
|branch = Army | |branch = Army | ||
|branch_label = | |branch_label = | ||
|serviceyears = | |serviceyears = 1778–1798 | ||
|serviceyears_label = | |serviceyears_label = | ||
|rank = {{Plainlist| | |rank = {{Plainlist| | ||
*Sub Lieutenant, ([[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Army]], | *Sub Lieutenant, ([[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Army]], 1778–1783) | ||
*Captain ( | *Captain (French EIC, 1783–1785), [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]] to Gen. [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau|de Bussy]] | ||
*General ([[Hyderabad State]], ( | *General ([[Hyderabad State]], (1785–1798) | ||
}} | }} | ||
|rank_label = | |rank_label = | ||
|servicenumber = | |servicenumber = | ||
|unit = Corps de Chevalier de Lasse, ([[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Army]], | |unit = Corps de Chevalier de Lasse, ([[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Army]], 1778–1783) | ||
|commands = Corps Francois de Raymond or Nizam's French Corps | |commands = Corps Francois de Raymond or Nizam's French Corps | ||
|battles = {{Plainlist| | |battles = {{Plainlist| | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
|relations = William Jean Raymond (Brother) | |relations = William Jean Raymond (Brother) | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[General]] '''Michel Joachim Marie Raymond''' (25 September 1755 – 25 March 1798), popularly known as '''Monsieur Raymond''', was a French General in | [[General]] '''Michel Joachim Marie Raymond''' (25 September 1755 – 25 March 1798), popularly known as '''Monsieur Raymond''', was a French General in [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II]]'s military and the founder of [[Gunfoundry]], [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]]. He was born in [[Sérignac, Tarn-et-Garonne|Sérignac]], [[Gascony]], [[France]], the son of a merchant.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ynrx6pbSMIC&q=S%C3%A9rignac+Michel+Joachim+Marie+Raymond&pg=PA1530 |title=Dictionnaire historique de la France |first=Ludovic |last=Lalanne |authorlink=Ludovic Lalanne |page=1530 |language=French |year=1877 |access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref> | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
In 1775, aged 20, he and his younger brother, William Jean Raymond, left for [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [[India]]. The idea as he told his father, was to set up a merchant shop. Instead, Michel turned to the more exciting career of being a soldier. | In 1775, aged 20, he and his younger brother, William Jean Raymond, left for [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [[India]]. The idea as he told his father, was to set up a merchant shop. Instead, Michel turned to the more exciting career of being a soldier.{{citation needed|date= February 2023}} | ||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
In 1775, Raymond reached Pondicherry to start a merchant shop. In 1778, following the French support of American revolutionaries, forces from Madras captured Pondicherry.<ref name=":0" /> Raymond went to Mysore and enlisted in the Corps of Chevalier de Lasse as a Sub-Lieutenant.<ref name=":0" /> After the death of Hyder Ali, he met and served under [[French people|French]] [[General]] [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau|Bussy]] as his ADC with the rank of a captain. After the death of De Bussy in 1786 Michel joined the service of the ruling [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]].<ref name=":0" /> He began as any other soldier, shortly after, he was given 300 soldiers to command.<ref name="TheHindu">{{cite news|title=Raymond's tomb languishes in neglect|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3470495.ece|work=The Hindu|date=30 May 2012|access-date=30 May 2012}}</ref> | In 1775, Raymond reached Pondicherry to start a merchant shop. In 1778, following the French support of [[Patriot (American Revolution)|American revolutionaries]], forces from [[Madras]] [[Siege of Pondicherry (1778)|captured Pondicherry]].<ref name=":0" /> Raymond went to [[Mysore]] and enlisted in the Corps of Chevalier de Lasse as a Sub-Lieutenant.<ref name=":0" /> After the death of [[Hyder Ali]], he met and served under [[French people|French]] [[General]] [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau|Bussy]] as his ADC with the rank of a captain. After the death of De Bussy in 1786 Michel joined the service of the ruling [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]].<ref name=":0" /> He began as any other soldier, shortly after, he was given 300 soldiers to command.<ref name="TheHindu">{{cite news|title=Raymond's tomb languishes in neglect|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3470495.ece|work=The Hindu|date=30 May 2012|access-date=30 May 2012}}</ref> | ||
In 1796, Raymond was appointed '''Amin Jinsi''' or '''Comptroller of Ordnance'''.<ref>{{cite web|url= | In 1796, Raymond was appointed '''Amin Jinsi''' or '''Comptroller of Ordnance'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/raymonds-tomb-to-get-amphitheatre/articleshow/557820.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001311/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-13/hyderabad/28335771_1_heritage-monument-archaeology-tomb |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-09-26 |title=Raymond's tomb to get amphitheatre |date=2004-03-13 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-03-14}}</ref> He established several cannon and cannonball factories. Under his guidance guns, ammunition and cannons were forged. [[Gunfoundry]] or '''Top ka Sancha''' near the Fathe Maidan is the best-known of the remaining foundries in [[India]]. | ||
When he died on 25 March 1798, only twelve years after enlisting, he had become a military commander of over 14,000 army men. It is also documented that there may have been a female battalion of soldiers. The cause of Michel Raymond's death is a mystery, the two suggested causes are poisoning or suicide.<ref name="TheHindu"/> | When he died on 25 March 1798, only twelve years after enlisting, he had become a military commander of over 14,000 army men. It is also documented that there may have been a female battalion of soldiers. The cause of Michel Raymond's death is a mystery, the two suggested causes are poisoning or suicide.<ref name="TheHindu"/> | ||
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His full title was Nawab Ashar-ud-Daula, Ashdar Jung, Monsieur M. Raymond Bahadur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Austin|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zY1uAAAAMAAJ|title=City of Legends: The Story of Hyderabad|publisher=Penguin|year=1992|isbn=978-0-670-84724-2|location=Hyderabad|pages=125|language=en}}</ref> | His full title was Nawab Ashar-ud-Daula, Ashdar Jung, Monsieur M. Raymond Bahadur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Austin|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zY1uAAAAMAAJ|title=City of Legends: The Story of Hyderabad|publisher=Penguin|year=1992|isbn=978-0-670-84724-2|location=Hyderabad|pages=125|language=en}}</ref> | ||
Raymond became a close friend of the [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II]]. Raymond was not only held in high esteem by the [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Nizam]], but had also won the love and trust of the local people. He made himself popular through his kindness, bravery and contribution to Hyderabad. To the Muslims, he was Musa Rahim, and to the Hindus, he was Musa Ram.<ref name=" | Raymond became a close friend of the [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II]]. Raymond was not only held in high esteem by the [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Nizam]], but had also won the love and trust of the local people. He made himself popular through his kindness, bravery and contribution to Hyderabad. To the Muslims, he was Musa Rahim, and to the Hindus, he was Musa Ram.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dalrymple |first1=William |title=The White Mughal |date=April 2004 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=9780143030461 |page=xxxiv}}</ref><ref name="Datta">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Monsieur Raymond's Tomb — a symbol of Hyderabad's French connection and heritage |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/monsieur-raymonds-tomb-in-hyderabad-a-symbol-of-love-and-respect-for-a-french-general-of-the-nizams/cid/1937020 |access-date=15 May 2023 |agency=The Telegraph |issue=My Kolkata}}</ref> [[George Bruce Malleson]] said that | ||
:"No European of mark who followed him in India, ever succeeded in gaining to such an extent the love, the esteem, the admiration of the natives of the country." | :"No European of mark who followed him in India, ever succeeded in gaining to such an extent the love, the esteem, the admiration of the natives of the country."{{citation needed|date= February 2023}} | ||
==Raymond's Tomb== | ==Raymond's Tomb== | ||
{{unreferenced section|date= February 2023}} | |||
[[File:Raymond's Tomb.jpg|thumb|A remote view of tomb]] | [[File:Raymond's Tomb.jpg|thumb|A remote view of tomb]] | ||
{{Main|Raymond's Tomb}}Michel Raymond's tomb is a black granite tombstone, conical in shape, about 7 | {{Main|Raymond's Tomb}}Michel Raymond's tomb is a black granite tombstone, conical in shape, about {{convert|7|m}} high and it has the initials JR on it. The ill-maintained pavilion was built by the Nizam and collapsed in October 2001 in heavy rain. The 200-year-old tomb had a face lift, including a brand new pavilion. Opened 14 April 2003 this cost an estimated {{INRConvert|500|k|lk=r|year=2003}}.<ref name="Datta"/> | ||
The tomb is located near Asmangadh fort on top of a hillock at | The tomb is located near [[Asman Garh Palace|Asmangadh]] fort on top of a hillock at [[Moosarambagh|Musa Ram Bagh]], [[Malakpet]], about {{convert|3|km}} from the Oliphant Bridge (currently known as [[Chaderghat bridge|Chaderghat Bridge]]), in East [[Hyderabad District (India)|Hyderabad]]. Until about 1940, people would visit his tomb on the anniversary of his death, taking incense and other offerings to him. His grave had become like a shrine. He is also remembered in Hyderabad, with the area called Musa Ram Bagh (Monsieur Raymond). | ||
==Citations== | ==Citations== | ||
| Line 105: | Line 106: | ||
[[Category:1755 births]] | [[Category:1755 births]] | ||
[[Category:1798 deaths]] | [[Category:1798 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:People from Gascony]] | |||
[[Category:French expatriates in India]] | [[Category:French expatriates in India]] | ||
[[Category:French generals]] | [[Category:French generals]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:08, 2 January 2026
Nawab, Ashdar-ud-Daula, Ashdar Jung Michel Joachim Marie Raymond Bahadur | |
|---|---|
 Monsieur Raymond | |
| Native name | Michel Joachim Marie Raymond |
| Nickname(s) | Musa Ram and Musa Rahim |
| Born | September 25, 1755 Sérignac, Tarn-et-Garonne, Kingdom of France |
| Died | March 25, 1798 (aged 42) Hyderabad, Mughal Empire in present-day India |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |
|
| Army | |
| Years of service | 1778–1798 |
| Rank |
|
| Unit | Corps de Chevalier de Lasse, (Mysore Army, 1778–1783) |
| Commands held | Corps Francois de Raymond or Nizam's French Corps |
| Battles/wars |
|
| Memorials | Raymond's Tomb |
| Relations | William Jean Raymond (Brother) |
General Michel Joachim Marie Raymond (25 September 1755 – 25 March 1798), popularly known as Monsieur Raymond, was a French General in Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II's military and the founder of Gunfoundry, Hyderabad. He was born in Sérignac, Gascony, France, the son of a merchant.[1]
Early life[edit | edit source]
In 1775, aged 20, he and his younger brother, William Jean Raymond, left for Pondicherry, India. The idea as he told his father, was to set up a merchant shop. Instead, Michel turned to the more exciting career of being a soldier.[citation needed]
Life[edit | edit source]
In 1775, Raymond reached Pondicherry to start a merchant shop. In 1778, following the French support of American revolutionaries, forces from Madras captured Pondicherry.[2] Raymond went to Mysore and enlisted in the Corps of Chevalier de Lasse as a Sub-Lieutenant.[2] After the death of Hyder Ali, he met and served under French General Bussy as his ADC with the rank of a captain. After the death of De Bussy in 1786 Michel joined the service of the ruling Nizam of Hyderabad.[2] He began as any other soldier, shortly after, he was given 300 soldiers to command.[3]
In 1796, Raymond was appointed Amin Jinsi or Comptroller of Ordnance.[4] He established several cannon and cannonball factories. Under his guidance guns, ammunition and cannons were forged. Gunfoundry or Top ka Sancha near the Fathe Maidan is the best-known of the remaining foundries in India.
When he died on 25 March 1798, only twelve years after enlisting, he had become a military commander of over 14,000 army men. It is also documented that there may have been a female battalion of soldiers. The cause of Michel Raymond's death is a mystery, the two suggested causes are poisoning or suicide.[3]
Raymond was succeeded by his second-in-command, Jean-Pierre Piron.[5] However, due to English intrigues at Hyderabad court, his French Corps was disbanded on 21 Oct 1798.[2]
Respect[edit | edit source]
His full title was Nawab Ashar-ud-Daula, Ashdar Jung, Monsieur M. Raymond Bahadur.[6]
Raymond became a close friend of the Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II. Raymond was not only held in high esteem by the Nizam, but had also won the love and trust of the local people. He made himself popular through his kindness, bravery and contribution to Hyderabad. To the Muslims, he was Musa Rahim, and to the Hindus, he was Musa Ram.[7][8] George Bruce Malleson said that
- "No European of mark who followed him in India, ever succeeded in gaining to such an extent the love, the esteem, the admiration of the natives of the country."[citation needed]
Raymond's Tomb[edit | edit source]
 | This section does not cite any sources. (February 2023) |
Michel Raymond's tomb is a black granite tombstone, conical in shape, about 7 metres (23 ft) high and it has the initials JR on it. The ill-maintained pavilion was built by the Nizam and collapsed in October 2001 in heavy rain. The 200-year-old tomb had a face lift, including a brand new pavilion. Opened 14 April 2003 this cost an estimated ₹500,000 (equivalent to ₹1.5 million or US$21,000 in 2019).[8]
The tomb is located near Asmangadh fort on top of a hillock at Musa Ram Bagh, Malakpet, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the Oliphant Bridge (currently known as Chaderghat Bridge), in East Hyderabad. Until about 1940, people would visit his tomb on the anniversary of his death, taking incense and other offerings to him. His grave had become like a shrine. He is also remembered in Hyderabad, with the area called Musa Ram Bagh (Monsieur Raymond).
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Lalanne, Ludovic (1877). Dictionnaire historique de la France (in French). p. 1530. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 McClay, A G (1918). "Monsieur Raymond or Hyderabad". The Journal of the Hyderabad Archaeological Society: 13.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Raymond's tomb languishes in neglect". The Hindu. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ↑ "Raymond's tomb to get amphitheatre". The Times of India. 13 March 2004. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ↑ Hutchinson, Lester (1964). European Freebooters in Moghul India. Asia Publishing House. p. 30.
- ↑ Austin, Ian (1992). City of Legends: The Story of Hyderabad. Hyderabad: Penguin. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-670-84724-2.
- ↑ Dalrymple, William (April 2004). The White Mughal. Penguin Books. p. xxxiv. ISBN 9780143030461.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Datta, Rangan. "Monsieur Raymond's Tomb — a symbol of Hyderabad's French connection and heritage". No. My Kolkata. The Telegraph. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Dalrymple, William (2004). White Mughals: love and betrayal in eighteenth-century India. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-200412-8..
- History of the French in India - George Bruce Malleson (18??)