Rafael Advanced Defense Systems: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by MB
Last edited February 9, 2026
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
UpdateBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
22,126 edits
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
fix layout for clarity
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Israeli defense company}}
{{Short description|Israeli defense company}}
{{other uses|Rafael (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name             = Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
| name = Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
| logo             = Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Logo.svg
| logo = Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Logo.svg
| logo_size       = 250px
| logo_size = 250px
| caption         =  
| caption =  
| type             = [[Government-owned corporation]]
| type = [[Government-owned corporation]]
| traded_as       =  
| traded_as =  
| fate             =  
| fate =  
| predecessor     = Science Corps  
| predecessor = Science Corps
| successor       =  
| successor =  
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1948}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1948}}
| founder         =  
| founder =  
| defunct         = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| location_city   = [[Haifa]]
| location_city = [[Kiryat Bialik]]
| location_country = Israel
| location_country = Israel
| location        =
| locations =  
| locations       =  
| area_served =  
| area_served     =  
| key_people = [[Yoav Har-Even]] ([[CEO]] and [[President (corporate title)|President]])
| key_people       =  
| industry = [[Arms industry|Defense]], [[Aerospace]]
| industry         = [[Arms industry|Defense]], [[Aerospace]]
| products = Military aerospace<br />Missiles<br />[[Artillery|Ordnance]]<br />Defense electronics<br />Protection systems<br />Naval systems
| products         = Military aerospace<br />Missiles<br />[[Artillery|Ordnance]]<br />Defense electronics<br />Protection systems<br />Naval Systems
| services =  
| services         =  
| revenue = {{profit}}$4.850 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2024)<ref name=israeldefense>{{cite web|url=https://www.rafael.co.il/press/rafael-registers-record-breaking-year-in-sales-orders/|title=RAFAEL Registers Record Breaking Year in Sales & Orders|website=www.rafael.co.il/}}</ref>
| revenue         = {{profit}}$2.7 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2020)<ref name=Globes2016>{{cite web|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016 - Globes English|website=Globes}}</ref>
| operating_income =  
| operating_income =  
| net_income       = {{profit}}$134 million [[United States dollar|USD]] (2016)<ref name=Globes2016 />
| net_income = {{profit}}$159 million [[United States dollar|USD]] (2024)<ref name=israeldefense />
| assets           =  
| assets =  
| equity           =  
| equity =  
| owner           = [[State of Israel]]
| owner = [[State of Israel]]
| num_employees   = 7000
| num_employees = 10,000
| divisions       = Missiles and NCW Division<br />Ordnance and Protection Division<br />Manor - Advanced Defense Technologies Division
| divisions = Missiles and NCW Division<br />Ordnance and Protection Division<br />Manor – Advanced Defense Technologies Division
| subsid           = RDC (RAFAEL Development Corporation)
| subsid = RDC (RAFAEL Development Corporation)
| homepage         = {{url|www.rafael.co.il}}
| homepage = {{URL|www.rafael.co.il}}
| footnotes       =  
| footnotes =  
| intl             =  
| intl =  
}}
}}
'''Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.''' ({{lang-he|רפאל - מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע"מ}}, formerly '''Rafael Armament Development Authority'''), ("Rafael" from Hebrew acronym of "Authority for the Development of Armaments" - {{Script/Hebrew|רשות לפיתוח אמצעי לחימה}}) is an Israeli [[Defense contractor|defense technology company]]. It was founded as Israel's National R&D Defense Laboratory for the development of [[weapon]]s and [[military technology]] within the [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Israeli Ministry of Defense]]; in 2002 it was incorporated as a [[limited company]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://duns100.dundb.co.il/ts.cgi?tsscript=comp_eng&duns=600024863|title=Globes Dun's 100 - Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514133537/http://duns100.dundb.co.il/ts.cgi?tsscript=comp_eng&duns=600024863|archive-date=2013-05-14}}</ref>
'''Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.''' ({{langx|he|רפאל - מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע"מ}}) is an Israeli [[Defense contractor|defense technology company]]. It was founded as Israel's National R&D Defense Laboratory for the development of [[weapon]]s and [[military technology]] within the [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Israeli Ministry of Defense]]; in 2002 it was incorporated as a [[limited company]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://duns100.dundb.co.il/ts.cgi?tsscript=comp_eng&duns=600024863|title=Globes Dun's 100 - Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514133537/http://duns100.dundb.co.il/ts.cgi?tsscript=comp_eng&duns=600024863|archive-date=2013-05-14}}</ref>
 
Rafael develops and produces weapons, military, and defense technologies for the [[Israel Defense Forces]] and for export abroad. All current projects are [[Classified information|classified]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:Operation Guardian of the Walls, May 2021. XVIII.jpeg|thumb|Rafael's [[Iron Dome]] air defense and [[Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar|C-RAM]] system.]]
[[File:Operation Guardian of the Walls, May 2021. XVIII.jpeg|thumb|Rafael's [[Iron Dome]] air defense and [[Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar|C-RAM]] system]]
[[File:Spike LR 3.jpg|thumb|220px|Israeli soldier with [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] anti-tank missile launcher]]
[[File:Spike LR 3.jpg|thumb|220px|Israeli soldier with [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] anti-tank missile launcher]]
[[File:Python5-missile001.jpg|thumb|220px|Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles]]
[[File:Python5-missile001.jpg|thumb|220px|Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles]]
Line 49: Line 46:
[[File:Trophy-APS--Merkava-4M-pic01-Zachi-Evenor (cropped).jpg|thumb|220px|Rafael's [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy active protection system]], "Windbreaker", on an Israeli [[Merkava#Merkava Mark IV|Merkava Mk IV]] [[main battle tank]]]]
[[File:Trophy-APS--Merkava-4M-pic01-Zachi-Evenor (cropped).jpg|thumb|220px|Rafael's [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy active protection system]], "Windbreaker", on an Israeli [[Merkava#Merkava Mark IV|Merkava Mk IV]] [[main battle tank]]]]


Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ({{lang-he|חיל המדע}}, known by the acronym HEMED, {{lang-he|חמד}}) under the leadership of [[Shlomo Gur]]. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ({{Script/Hebrew|אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון}}) in 1952. In 1952 [[David Ben-Gurion]] decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 43</ref>
Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ({{langx|he|חיל המדע}}, known by the acronym HEMED, {{langx|he|חמד}}) under the leadership of [[Shlomo Gur]]. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ({{Script/Hebrew|אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון}}) in 1952. In 1952 [[David Ben-Gurion]] decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 43</ref>


In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to ''RAFAEL''.<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 113</ref> It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.<ref name="merdor">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Science Corps (Hemed)|encyclopedia=IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia|last=Merdor|first=Monaya M.|publisher=Revivim Publishing|year=1982|pages=17–19|volume=17|language=he}}</ref>
In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to ''RAFAEL'' ({{langx|he|רשות לפיתוח אמצעי לחימה|lit=Armament Development Authority}}).<ref>The bomb is the basement, page 113</ref> It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.<ref name="merdor">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Science Corps (Hemed)|encyclopedia=IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia|last=Merdor|first=Monaya M.|publisher=Revivim Publishing|year=1982|pages=17–19|volume=17|language=he}}</ref>


In 1995, [[Yitzhak Rabin]] asked [[Amos Horev]] to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.<ref name="mit-forumil">{{cite web |url=http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |title=Amos Horev |publisher=MIT Enterprise Forum |date=January 1, 2001 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Horev served as chairman until January 2001.<ref name="mit-forumil"/>
In 1995, [[Yitzhak Rabin]] asked [[Amos Horev]] to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.<ref name="mit-forumil">{{cite web |url=http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |title=Amos Horev |publisher=MIT Enterprise Forum |date=January 1, 2001 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Horev served as chairman until January 2001.<ref name="mit-forumil"/>


===Restructuring as a limited company===
===Restructuring as a limited company===
During the early 1990s Rafael was operating at a loss (peaking in 1995, with a loss of $120 million on a turnover of $460 million). Therefore, it was decided to restructure the organization and start operating Rafael as a company. Initially the new company had three discrete divisions, each operating as a profit centre, with a separate balance sheet presented to the newly formed management board.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rafael Operating as Gov't Company Since January 1 - Preparatory to Becoming Limited Company|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=368672|newspaper=Globes|date=May 1, 1997}}</ref>
During the early 1990s Rafael was operating at a loss (peaking in 1995, with a loss of $120 million on a turnover of $460 million). Therefore, it was decided to restructure the organization and start operating Rafael as a company. Initially the new company had three discrete divisions, each operating as a profit center, with a separate balance sheet presented to the newly formed management board.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rafael Operating as Gov't Company Since January 1 - Preparatory to Becoming Limited Company|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=368672|newspaper=Globes|date=May 1, 1997}}</ref>


The restructuring was completed in 2002 when Rafael was formally incorporated as a [[limited company]] (although still as a [[government-owned corporation]]), while maintaining its technological capabilities through an investment of about 10% of turnover in [[R&D]] programs. In its first year as a limited company, Rafael earned a $37 million profit on $830 million in sales.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rafael 2003 net profit: $37m|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=781005|newspaper=Globes|date=March 17, 2004}}</ref> By 2016, Rafael reported annual net profits of 473 million [[Israeli new shekel|ILS]] (roughly 130 million dollars), up 3%, compared with ILS 459 million in 2015. New orders in 2016 totaled ILS 10.7 billion, and sales amounted to ILS 8.32 billion, 6% more than in 2015. The company's orders backlog as of the end of 2016 was ILS 21.72 billion, 12% more than at the end of 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016|last=Azulai|first=Yuval|date=March 20, 2017|website=Globes}}</ref>
The restructuring was completed in 2002 when Rafael was formally incorporated as a [[limited company]] (although still as a [[government-owned corporation]]), while maintaining its technological capabilities through an investment of about 10% of turnover in [[R&D]] programs. In its first year as a limited company, Rafael earned a $37 million profit on $830 million in sales.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rafael 2003 net profit: $37m|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=781005|newspaper=Globes|date=March 17, 2004}}</ref> By 2016, Rafael reported annual net profits of 473 million [[Israeli new shekel|ILS]] (roughly 130 million dollars), up 3%, compared with ILS 459 million in 2015. New orders in 2016 totaled ILS 10.7 billion, and sales amounted to ILS 8.32 billion, 6% more than in 2015. The company's orders backlog as of the end of 2016 was ILS 21.72 billion, 12% more than at the end of 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016|last=Azulai|first=Yuval|date=March 20, 2017|website=Globes}}</ref>


On October 14, 2007, the company changed its name from Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd. to Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
On October 14, 2007, the company changed its name from Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd. to Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.


==Technological achievements==
==Notable products==
* Shafrir (later renamed [[Python (missile)|Python]]) – one of the most successful [[air-to-air missile]]s ever made (during the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], the IAF launched 176 Shafrir 2 missiles, destroying 106 enemy aircraft)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/shafrir.htm|title=Shafrir|author=John Pike|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>
*[[Python (missile)|Python]] – an [[air-to-air missile]]s system.
* [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] – a fourth generation<ref name=4thgen>{{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |title=Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons |publisher=Defense-Update.Com |access-date=1 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[fire-and-forget]] [[anti-tank guided missile]]
* [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] – a fourth generation<ref name=4thgen>{{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |title=Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons |publisher=Defense-Update.Com |access-date=1 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[fire-and-forget]] [[anti-tank guided missile]]
* [[Popeye (missile)|Popeye]] – an air-to-ground missile system
* [[Popeye (missile)|Popeye]] – an air-to-ground missile system.
** [[Popeye (missile)#Popeye Turbo Submarine Launched Cruise Missile|Popeye Turbo SLCM]] – believed to be a nuclear-tipped [[submarine-launched cruise missile]]<ref>[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/missile/popeye-t.htm Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons]. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref>
** [[Popeye (missile)#Popeye Turbo Submarine Launched Cruise Missile|Popeye Turbo SLCM]] – believed to be a nuclear-tipped [[submarine-launched cruise missile]]<ref>[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/missile/popeye-t.htm Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons]. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref>
*[[Iron Beam]] – laser missile defense system
*[[Iron Beam]] – laser missile defense system
* [[Iron Dome]] – the world's first operational [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defense system]] to intercept short-range [[rocket]]s and [[Shell (projectile)|artillery shells]]<ref name=firstInterceptAshkelon>{{cite news|title=Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696|access-date=7 April 2011|newspaper=Haaretz|date=7 April 2011|author=Anshel Pfeffer|author2=Yanir Yagna}}</ref>
* [[Iron Dome]] – an [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defense system]] to intercept short-range [[rocket]]s and [[Shell (projectile)|artillery shells]]<ref name=firstInterceptAshkelon>{{cite news|title=Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696|access-date=7 April 2011|newspaper=Haaretz|date=7 April 2011|author=Anshel Pfeffer|author2=Yanir Yagna}}</ref>
* [[Trophy (countermeasure)|Trophy]] – the world's second operational [[active protection system]], which successfully destroyed an anti-tank missile launched from the [[Gaza Strip]] toward a [[Merkava]] Mark IV tank near [[Nir Oz]]<ref>{{cite web|last=HARTMAN|first=BEN|url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=210366|title=Anti-tank missile system stops attack on IDF tank|work=News Article|publisher=Jerusalem Post}}</ref>
* [[Trophy (countermeasure)|TROPHY]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=TROPHY® Active Protection System for AFVs |url=https://www.rafael.co.il/worlds/land/trophy-aps/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.rafael.co.il}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TROPHY™ - Active Protection System (APS) and Hostile Fire Detection (HFD) for Armored Vehicles |url=https://www.leonardodrs.com/what-we-do/products-and-services/trophy-active-protection-system-aps/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Leonardo DRS |language=en-US}}</ref>– an [[active protection system]] for armored vehicles.
* [[Protector USV]] – the world's first operational [[unmanned surface vehicle]] (unmanned, autonomous  naval combat system)<ref>{{cite web |title=Protector |work=Defence Updates |url=http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm |access-date=2007-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503115143/http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm |archive-date=2007-05-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Protector USV]] – an [[unmanned surface vehicle]] (unmanned, autonomous  naval combat system)<ref>{{cite web |title=Protector |work=Defence Updates |url=http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm |access-date=2007-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503115143/http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm |archive-date=2007-05-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[David's Sling]] – surface-to-air missile system
* [[David's Sling]] – surface-to-air missile system.


==Civilian technology transfer==
==Civilian technology transfer==
In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a [[technology transfer]] company, was established as a joint venture with [[Elron Electronic Industries]]; in order to  commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|title=RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>  The company has successfully established and developed   several companies including:
In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a [[technology transfer]] company, was established as a joint venture with [[Elron Electronic Industries]]; in order to  commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101143126/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 January 2009|title=RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>  The company established and developed several companies including:


* [[Given Imaging]] – a pioneer in the sphere of [[capsule endoscopy]].<ref>[http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm Invest in Israel: Given Imaging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref>
* [[Given Imaging]] – focusing on [[capsule endoscopy]] technologies.<ref>[http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm Invest in Israel: Given Imaging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref>
* [[Oramir|Oramir Semiconductor Equipment]] – developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html Fairchild launches Oramir] Israel Business Today</ref> sold to [[Applied Materials]] in 2001 for $21 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm|title=SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>
* [[Oramir|Oramir Semiconductor Equipment]] – a developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html Fairchild launches Oramir] Israel Business Today</ref> sold to [[Applied Materials]] in 2001 for $21 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm|title=SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>
* Starling Advanced Communications ([[TASE]]:STLG) – provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for [[airliner]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT|title=List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Starling Advanced Communications ([[TASE]]:STLG) – a provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for [[airliner]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT|title=List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* Galil Medical – a developer of [[cryotherapy]] solutions.<ref name=globes>{{cite news|title=Elron sells entire Galil Medical stake|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000546886&fid=1725|newspaper=Globes|date=15 March 2010}}</ref>
* Galil Medical – a developer of [[cryotherapy]] solutions.<ref name=globes>{{cite news|title=Elron sells entire Galil Medical stake|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000546886&fid=1725|newspaper=Globes|date=15 March 2010}}</ref>
* SELA Semiconductor Engineering Laboratories – a provider of automated sample preparation tools for semiconductor manufacturers, sold to Camtek Intelligent Imaging.<ref name=globes />
* SELA Semiconductor Engineering Laboratories – a provider of automated sample preparation tools for semiconductor manufacturers, sold to Camtek Intelligent Imaging.<ref name=globes />
* 3DV Systems – developers of the [[ZCam]], a [[time-of-flight camera]] products for [[video]] applications, sold to [[Microsoft]].<ref name="MS confirmed">{{cite web |first=Shmulik |last=Shelah |title=Microsoft confirms 3DV acquisition |url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000460733 |work=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]] |publisher=Globes Publisher Itonut |location=[[Tel Aviv]] |date=2009-06-22 |quote=[Microsoft corporate vice president of Israel Research & Development Moshe Lichtman] said, for the first time officially, that "the R&D center helped Microsoft in buying the intellectual property of 3DV Systems, and in the wake of that dozens of the company's employees were recruited to work at the development center." |access-date=2009-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626051708/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docView.asp?did=1000460733 |archive-date=2009-06-26}} [http://www.ivc-online.com/ivcWeeklyItem.asp?articleID=9252 Alt URL]</ref>
* 3DV Systems – developers of the [[ZCam]], a [[time-of-flight camera]] products for [[video]] applications, sold to [[Microsoft]].<ref name="MS confirmed">{{cite web |first=Shmulik |last=Shelah |title=Microsoft confirms 3DV acquisition |url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000460733 |work=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]] |publisher=Globes Publisher Itonut |location=[[Tel Aviv]] |date=2009-06-22 |quote=[Microsoft corporate vice president of Israel Research & Development Moshe Lichtman] said, for the first time officially, that "the R&D center helped Microsoft in buying the intellectual property of 3DV Systems, and in the wake of that dozens of the company's employees were recruited to work at the development center." |access-date=2009-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626051708/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docView.asp?did=1000460733 |archive-date=2009-06-26 }} [http://www.ivc-online.com/ivcWeeklyItem.asp?articleID=9252 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218202558/http://www.ivc-online.com/ivcWeeklyItem.asp?articleID=9252 |date=18 February 2012 }}</ref>
* Medingo – developer of a micro pump [[insulin delivery]] system consists of two parts: a semi-disposable insulin dispensing patch and a remote control, which allows for discreet personalised insulin delivery. The company was sold to [[Hoffmann-La Roche]]'s subsidiary [[Roche Diagnostics]] for $160 million as well as up to $40 million in milestone payments.<ref>{{cite news|title=Roche Acquires Insulin Pump Company Medingo|url=https://www.diabetesdaily.com/forum/diabetes-news/41612-roche-acquires-insulin-pump-company-medingo|newspaper=Diabetes Daily|date=14 April 2010}}</ref>
* Medingo – developer of a micro pump [[insulin delivery]] system consists of two parts: a semi-disposable insulin dispensing patch and a remote control, which allows for discreet personalized insulin delivery. The company was sold to [[Hoffmann-La Roche]]'s subsidiary [[Roche Diagnostics]] for $160 million as well as up to $40 million in milestone payments.<ref>{{cite news|title=Roche Acquires Insulin Pump Company Medingo|url=https://www.diabetesdaily.com/forum/diabetes-news/41612-roche-acquires-insulin-pump-company-medingo|newspaper=Diabetes Daily|date=14 April 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Spyder missile system.jpg|thumb|SPYDER launcher]]


==Products==
==Products==
Line 89: Line 87:
*** [[Tamir (missile)|Tamir]], missile used by Iron Dome
*** [[Tamir (missile)|Tamir]], missile used by Iron Dome
*** [[C-Dome]] (the naval version of Iron Dome)
*** [[C-Dome]] (the naval version of Iron Dome)
** [[MIC4AD]]
** MIC4AD
** [[SPYDER]]
** [[SPYDER]]
** [[David's Sling]]
** [[David's Sling]]
** [[Drone Dome]]
** [[Drone Dome]]
** [[Iron Beam]]
** [[Iron Beam]]
** [[SkySonic]]
* Air to Air missiles
* Air to Air missiles
** [[Python-5]]
** [[Python-5]]
** [[Python (missile)#Derby|I-Derby]]
** [[Python (missile)#Derby|I-Derby]]
** [[Python (missile)#I-Derby ER|I-Derby ER]]
** [[Python (missile)#I-Derby ER|I-Derby ER]]
** [[Sky Spear (missile)]]
* Air to Surface missile
* Air to Surface missile
** [[Sparrow (target missile)|SPARROW family]]
** [[ROCKS (missile)|Rocks]] Family, unveiled in February 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=Robin |title=Rafael unveils Rocks air-to-surface missile |url=https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile |website=Jane's 360 |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190220211407/https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile |archive-date=2019-02-20 |location=London |date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahronheim |first1=Anna |title=Israel unveils Rafael's new advanced bunker buster missile, 'Rocks' |url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201 |website=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190220211431/https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201 |archive-date=2019-02-20 |date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Guided Bombs
** [[Spice (bomb)]] Family
** [[Spice (bomb)]] Family
** [[Sparrow (target missile)|SPARROW family]]
* Electronic Warfare Systems
** [[Rocks (bomb)|Rocks]] Family, unveiled in February 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=Robin |title=Rafael unveils Rocks air-to-surface missile |url=https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile |website=Jane's 360 |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190220211407/https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile |archive-date=2019-02-20 |location=London |date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahronheim |first1=Anna |title=Israel unveils Rafael's new advanced bunker buster missile, 'Rocks' |url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201 |website=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190220211431/https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201 |archive-date=2019-02-20 |date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Sky Shield|SKY SHIELD]] Escort Jamming pod
** [[C-GEM]] Active Offboard Decoy
* Precision Guided missiles
* Precision Guided missiles
** [[Spike (missile)|SPIKE ER]]
** [[Spike (missile)|SPIKE ER]]
Line 108: Line 113:
** [[Sea Breaker (missile)|Sea Breaker]]
** [[Sea Breaker (missile)|Sea Breaker]]
* Missile upgrade kits
* Missile upgrade kits
** Electro-optical Precision Integration Kit (EPIK)<ref name="ynetnews1">{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5277924,00.html|title='Sharp Flame': Rafael's new rocket precision guidance system|author=Zitun , Yoav|work=[[Ynetnews]]|date=March 6, 2018|access-date=June 4, 2018}}</ref>
** Electro-optical Precision Integration Kit (EPIK)<ref name="ynetnews1">{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5277924,00.html|title='Sharp Flame': Rafael's new rocket precision guidance system|author=Zitun, Yoav|work=[[Ynetnews]]|date=March 6, 2018|access-date=June 4, 2018}}</ref>
* Active Protection System
* Active Protection System
** [[Trophy active protection system]] "Windbreaker" ([[Hebrew]]: מעיל רוח)
** [[Trophy (countermeasure)|TROPHY]] an active armor protection system, "Windbreaker" ([[Hebrew]]: מעיל רוח)
* Remote-controlled weapon station
* Remote-controlled weapon station
** Rafael OWS (nicknamed "[[FN MAG|MAG Rafael]]" by the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]])
** Rafael OWS (nicknamed "[[FN MAG|MAG Rafael]]" by the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]])
** [[Samson RCWS]] ([[Hebrew]] name: קטלנית)
** [[Samson RCWS]] ([[Hebrew]] name: קטלנית)
** [[Typhoon Weapon Station]] for naval applications and military ships
** [[Typhoon Weapon Station]] for naval applications and military ships
* [[Demining|Demining Systems]]
** [[Rafael Carpet]]
== 2026 Partial Privatisation and IPO ==
The long-standing debate over the state’s role in Israel’s defense industry reached a turning point in January 2026, when the government formalized a timeline to partially privatize Rafael Advanced Defense Systems through an [[initial public offering]] (IPO) on the [[Tel Aviv Stock Exchange]].<ref>'''Kahlon, R. (2026, January 12).''' ''Israel poised to launch defence privatisations in months, says government official'' (S. Scheer, Interviewer). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-poised-launch-defence-privatisations-months-official-2026-01-12/</ref> This transition represents a significant evolution for this company, as it began as a national laboratory, and was only incorporated as a state-owned enterprise in 2002. The decision follows years of internal pressure from Rafael’s leadership, who argued that its fully state-owned status created a "bureaucratic glass ceiling," making it harder to compete for elite engineering talent and respond to global market shifts as nimbly as its publicly traded rivals, [[Elbit Systems]] and IAI.<ref>Azulay, Y. (2025, 21 Disember). ''Iron Dome and Iron Beam maker Rafael moves closer to a possible IPO''. Calcalistech. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/b2xwqg57o</ref>
=== Implementation and Valuation Challenges ===
The roadmap for this transition became clear on January 12, 2026, when [[Ravi Kahlon|Roi Kahlon]], director of the Government Companies Authority, confirmed that the government would seek to float a 25% to 30% minority stake as early as the second quarter of 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-12 |title=Israel poised to launch defense privatizations in months, says government official |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2026/01/12/israel-poised-to-launch-defense-privatizations-in-months-says-government-official |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref>
Unlike other defense firms, Rafael’s path to the stock market is uniquely complicated by its deep integration with the [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Ministry of Defense]] and the highly [[Classified information|classified]] nature of its flagship technologies. Establishing a public valuation has historically been stalled by the difficulty of sharing detailed financial data for "proprietary" systems, such as the [[Iron Dome]] and the newly deployed [[Iron Beam]] laser interceptor, without compromising [[national security]].<ref name=":0">'''Bob, Y. J. (2026, January 13).''' ''Israel moves to privatize defense giants IAI and Rafael.'' The Jerusalem Post. https://www.jpost.com/defense-and-tech/article-883293</ref>
Supported by a record-high order backlog of $18 billion, Rafael’s valuation at the time of the announcement was estimated at approximately $10 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wrobel |first=Sharon |date=2026-01-13 |title=Israel eyes privatization of defense giants IAI and Rafael via public share sale |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-eyes-privatization-of-defense-giants-iai-and-rafael-via-public-share-sale/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> This financial strength is largely a result of the global "battle-proven" reputation of its air defense portfolio, which has seen increased demand from international partners like [[Germany]] and [[Finland]].<ref>Scheer, S. (2023, August 2). ''Israel, U.S. approved missile-defense sale to Finland''. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-us-approved-missile-defense-sale-finland-2023-08-02/</ref> To balance the needs of private investors with the imperatives of the state, the Israeli government intends to retain a controlling interest and release shares in a series of small, staggered tranches through 2027, ensuring that Rafael remains a strategic asset while gaining the operational flexibility of a public company.<ref name=":0" />


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 120: Line 137:
*[[Elbit]] (El-Op)
*[[Elbit]] (El-Op)
*[[Israel Aerospace Industries|Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)]]
*[[Israel Aerospace Industries|Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)]]
*[[Israel Association for Automatic Control]]
*[[Israel Military Industries]]
*[[Israel Military Industries]]
*[[Israel Shipyards]]
*[[Israel Shipyards]]
Line 133: Line 149:


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commonscat}}
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|www.rafael.co.il|Rafael official website}}
*{{Official website|www.rafael.co.il|Rafael official website}}
*[http://www.rdc.co.il Rafael Development Corporation]
*[http://www.rdc.co.il Rafael Development Corporation]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050129014441/http://www.eurosatory.mod.gov.il/pdfs/rafae1.pdf Rafael at EurpStory 2004]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050129014441/http://www.eurosatory.mod.gov.il/pdfs/rafae1.pdf Rafael at EurpStory 2004]
*[http://www.rafael.co.il/web/rafnew/events/lic-05.htm Rafael at the LIC-2005 conference]
*[http://www.rafael.co.il/web/rafnew/events/lic-05.htm Rafael at the LIC-2005 conference]
 
*[https://rafael-uk.com Rafael UK]
{{Rafael Advanced Defense Systems}}
{{Rafael Advanced Defense Systems}}
{{Automotive industry in Israel}}
{{Automotive industry in Israel}}
Line 150: Line 166:
[[Category:Defense companies of Israel]]
[[Category:Defense companies of Israel]]
[[Category:Companies based in Haifa]]
[[Category:Companies based in Haifa]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in Israel]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1948]]
[[Category:Unmanned surface vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Haifa in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]

Latest revision as of 20:02, 9 February 2026

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
IndustryDefense, Aerospace
PredecessorScience Corps
Founded1948; 78 years ago (1948)
Headquarters
Kiryat Bialik
,
Israel
Key people
Yoav Har-Even (CEO and President)
ProductsMilitary aerospace
Missiles
Ordnance
Defense electronics
Protection systems
Naval systems
RevenueIncrease$4.850 billion USD (2024)[1]
Increase$159 million USD (2024)[1]
OwnerState of Israel
Number of employees
10,000
DivisionsMissiles and NCW Division
Ordnance and Protection Division
Manor – Advanced Defense Technologies Division
SubsidiariesRDC (RAFAEL Development Corporation)
Websitewww.rafael.co.il

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) is an Israeli defense technology company. It was founded as Israel's National R&D Defense Laboratory for the development of weapons and military technology within the Israeli Ministry of Defense; in 2002 it was incorporated as a limited company.[2]

History[edit | edit source]

Rafael's Iron Dome air defense and C-RAM system
Israeli soldier with Spike anti-tank missile launcher
Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles
Popeye standoff missile
Rafael's Trophy active protection system, "Windbreaker", on an Israeli Merkava Mk IV main battle tank

Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., known by the acronym HEMED, Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) under the leadership of Shlomo Gur. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate (אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון‎) in 1952. In 1952 David Ben-Gurion decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency.[3]

In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to RAFAEL (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.).[4] It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.[5]

In 1995, Yitzhak Rabin asked Amos Horev to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.[6] Horev served as chairman until January 2001.[6]

Restructuring as a limited company[edit | edit source]

During the early 1990s Rafael was operating at a loss (peaking in 1995, with a loss of $120 million on a turnover of $460 million). Therefore, it was decided to restructure the organization and start operating Rafael as a company. Initially the new company had three discrete divisions, each operating as a profit center, with a separate balance sheet presented to the newly formed management board.[7]

The restructuring was completed in 2002 when Rafael was formally incorporated as a limited company (although still as a government-owned corporation), while maintaining its technological capabilities through an investment of about 10% of turnover in R&D programs. In its first year as a limited company, Rafael earned a $37 million profit on $830 million in sales.[8] By 2016, Rafael reported annual net profits of 473 million ILS (roughly 130 million dollars), up 3%, compared with ILS 459 million in 2015. New orders in 2016 totaled ILS 10.7 billion, and sales amounted to ILS 8.32 billion, 6% more than in 2015. The company's orders backlog as of the end of 2016 was ILS 21.72 billion, 12% more than at the end of 2015.[9]

On October 14, 2007, the company changed its name from Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd. to Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.

Notable products[edit | edit source]

Civilian technology transfer[edit | edit source]

In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a technology transfer company, was established as a joint venture with Elron Electronic Industries; in order to commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.[16] The company established and developed several companies including:

SPYDER launcher

Products[edit | edit source]

Guided Bombs

2026 Partial Privatisation and IPO[edit | edit source]

The long-standing debate over the state’s role in Israel’s defense industry reached a turning point in January 2026, when the government formalized a timeline to partially privatize Rafael Advanced Defense Systems through an initial public offering (IPO) on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.[27] This transition represents a significant evolution for this company, as it began as a national laboratory, and was only incorporated as a state-owned enterprise in 2002. The decision follows years of internal pressure from Rafael’s leadership, who argued that its fully state-owned status created a "bureaucratic glass ceiling," making it harder to compete for elite engineering talent and respond to global market shifts as nimbly as its publicly traded rivals, Elbit Systems and IAI.[28]

Implementation and Valuation Challenges[edit | edit source]

The roadmap for this transition became clear on January 12, 2026, when Roi Kahlon, director of the Government Companies Authority, confirmed that the government would seek to float a 25% to 30% minority stake as early as the second quarter of 2026.[29]

Unlike other defense firms, Rafael’s path to the stock market is uniquely complicated by its deep integration with the Ministry of Defense and the highly classified nature of its flagship technologies. Establishing a public valuation has historically been stalled by the difficulty of sharing detailed financial data for "proprietary" systems, such as the Iron Dome and the newly deployed Iron Beam laser interceptor, without compromising national security.[30]

Supported by a record-high order backlog of $18 billion, Rafael’s valuation at the time of the announcement was estimated at approximately $10 billion.[31] This financial strength is largely a result of the global "battle-proven" reputation of its air defense portfolio, which has seen increased demand from international partners like Germany and Finland.[32] To balance the needs of private investors with the imperatives of the state, the Israeli government intends to retain a controlling interest and release shares in a series of small, staggered tranches through 2027, ensuring that Rafael remains a strategic asset while gaining the operational flexibility of a public company.[30]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "RAFAEL Registers Record Breaking Year in Sales & Orders". www.rafael.co.il/.
  2. ↑ "Globes Dun's 100 - Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd". Archived from the original on 14 May 2013.
  3. ↑ The bomb is the basement, page 43
  4. ↑ The bomb is the basement, page 113
  5. ↑ Merdor, Monaya M. (1982). "Science Corps (Hemed)". IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia (in עברית). Vol. 17. Revivim Publishing. pp. 17–19.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Amos Horev". MIT Enterprise Forum. 1 January 2001. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  7. ↑ "Rafael Operating as Gov't Company Since January 1 - Preparatory to Becoming Limited Company". Globes. 1 May 1997.
  8. ↑ "Rafael 2003 net profit: $37m". Globes. 17 March 2004.
  9. ↑ Azulai, Yuval (20 March 2017). "Rafael reports higher profit for 2016". Globes.
  10. ↑ "Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons". Defense-Update.Com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  11. ↑ Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
  12. ↑ Anshel Pfeffer; Yanir Yagna (7 April 2011). "Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  13. ↑ "TROPHY® Active Protection System for AFVs". www.rafael.co.il. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  14. ↑ "TROPHY™ - Active Protection System (APS) and Hostile Fire Detection (HFD) for Armored Vehicles". Leonardo DRS. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  15. ↑ "Protector". Defence Updates. Archived from the original on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  16. ↑ "RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek". Businessweek.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  17. ↑ Invest in Israel: Given Imaging Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ Fairchild launches Oramir Israel Business Today
  19. ↑ "SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01". Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  20. ↑ "List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 10 July 2015.[dead link]
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Elron sells entire Galil Medical stake". Globes. 15 March 2010.
  22. ↑ Shelah, Shmulik (22 June 2009). "Microsoft confirms 3DV acquisition". Globes. Tel Aviv: Globes Publisher Itonut. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009. [Microsoft corporate vice president of Israel Research & Development Moshe Lichtman] said, for the first time officially, that "the R&D center helped Microsoft in buying the intellectual property of 3DV Systems, and in the wake of that dozens of the company's employees were recruited to work at the development center." Alt URL Archived 18 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ↑ "Roche Acquires Insulin Pump Company Medingo". Diabetes Daily. 14 April 2010.
  24. ↑ Hughes, Robin (20 February 2019). "Rafael unveils Rocks air-to-surface missile". Jane's 360. London. Retrieved 20 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  25. ↑ Ahronheim, Anna (20 February 2019). "Israel unveils Rafael's new advanced bunker buster missile, 'Rocks'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 20 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  26. ↑ Zitun, Yoav (6 March 2018). "'Sharp Flame': Rafael's new rocket precision guidance system". Ynetnews. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  27. ↑ Kahlon, R. (2026, January 12). Israel poised to launch defence privatisations in months, says government official (S. Scheer, Interviewer). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-poised-launch-defence-privatisations-months-official-2026-01-12/
  28. ↑ Azulay, Y. (2025, 21 Disember). Iron Dome and Iron Beam maker Rafael moves closer to a possible IPO. Calcalistech. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/b2xwqg57o
  29. ↑ "Israel poised to launch defense privatizations in months, says government official". Al Arabiya English. 12 January 2026. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Bob, Y. J. (2026, January 13). Israel moves to privatize defense giants IAI and Rafael. The Jerusalem Post. https://www.jpost.com/defense-and-tech/article-883293
  31. ↑ Wrobel, Sharon (13 January 2026). "Israel eyes privatization of defense giants IAI and Rafael via public share sale". The Times of Israel. ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  32. ↑ Scheer, S. (2023, August 2). Israel, U.S. approved missile-defense sale to Finland. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-us-approved-missile-defense-sale-finland-2023-08-02/

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Template:Automotive industry in Israel


32°52′06″N 35°05′35″E / 32.8684°N 35.0931°E / 32.8684; 35.0931

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems&oldid=470090"
Discover more