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{{Distinguish|Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre}}
{{Distinguish|Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre}}
{{Infobox government agency
{{Infobox government agency
| name = National Cyber Coordination Centre
| name           = National Cyber Coordination Centre
| seal = Emblem_of_India.svg
| seal           =  
| seal_size = 70px
| seal_size       = 70px
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of India]]
| seal_caption   = [[Emblem of India]]
| jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]
| jurisdiction   = [[Government of India]]
| chief1_name = Lt. Gen. Rajesh Pant (Retd.)
| chief1_name     = Lt Gen M U Nair
| chief1_position = National Cyber Security Coordinator
| chief1_position = National Cyber Security Coordinator
| parent_department = Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)<ref>https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Gazette%20Notification%20-%20Designated%20Officer%2069A%20NCCC%20Dir%20oct2020.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
| parent_department = Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)<ref>{{Cite web| title=Notification | url=https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Gazette%20Notification%20-%20Designated%20Officer%2069A%20NCCC%20Dir%20oct2020.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501012655/https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Gazette%20Notification%20-%20Designated%20Officer%2069A%20NCCC%20Dir%20oct2020.pdf | archive-date=2021-05-01}}</ref>
}}
}}
The '''National Cyber Coordination Centre (NCCC)''' is an operational [[cybersecurity]] and e-surveillance agency in [[India]]. It is intended to screen communication [[metadata]] and co-ordinate the [[intelligence]] gathering activities of other agencies. Some have expressed concern that the body could encroach on Indian citizens' privacy and civil-liberties, given the lack of explicit [[privacy laws]] in the country.<ref name=" http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx">{{cite news|url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140119201552/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx|url-status= dead|archive-date= 19 January 2014|title= India's cyber protection body pushes ahead|work= Hindustan Times|date=29 January 2014|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>
The '''National Cyber Coordination Centre''' ('''NCCC''') is an operational [[cybersecurity]] and e-surveillance agency in [[India]]. It is intended to screen communication [[metadata]] and co-ordinate the [[Intelligence (military)|intelligence]] gathering activities of other agencies. Some have expressed concern that the body could encroach on Indian citizens' privacy and civil-liberties, given the lack of explicit [[privacy laws]] in the country.<ref name=" http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx">{{cite news|url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140119201552/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx|url-status= dead|archive-date= 19 January 2014|title= India's cyber protection body pushes ahead|work= Hindustan Times|date=29 January 2014|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>


== Motivation ==
== Motivation ==
India has no dedicated [[Cyber-security regulation]] and is also not well prepared to deal with cyberwarfare.<ref name="http://www.businessinsider.in/India-Unprepared-For-Cyber-Warfare/articleshow/44834375.cms">{{cite news|date=16 October 2014|title=India Unprepared For Cyber Warfare|work=Business Insider|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/India-Unprepared-For-Cyber-Warfare/articleshow/44834375.cms|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> However, India has formulated the [[National Cyber Security Policy 2013]] which is not yet implemented.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 July 2013|title=National Cyber Security Policy-2013|work=Department Of Electronics And Information Technology|url=http://deity.gov.in/content/national-cyber-security-policy-2013-1|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> The National Cyber Coordination Centre's purpose would be to help the country deal with malicious cyber-activities by acting as an Internet traffic monitoring entity that can fend off domestic or international attacks.<ref name="http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-To-Beef-Up-National-Cyber-Defense-464218.shtml">{{cite news|date=5 November 2014|title=India to Beef Up National Cyber Defense|work=Softpedia News|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-To-Beef-Up-National-Cyber-Defense-464218.shtml|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/biztech/govt-plans-set-rs-800-crore-cyber-intelligence-centre-99578.html">{{cite news|date=15 September 2014|title=Govt plans to set up Rs 800 crore cyber intelligence centre|work=Firstbiz|url=http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/biztech/govt-plans-set-rs-800-crore-cyber-intelligence-centre-99578.html|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref>
India had no dedicated [[Cyber-security regulation]] and was also not well prepared to deal with cyberwarfare prior to 2013. <ref name="http://www.businessinsider.in/India-Unprepared-For-Cyber-Warfare/articleshow/44834375.cms">{{cite news|date=16 October 2014|title=India Unprepared For Cyber Warfare|work=Business Insider|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/India-Unprepared-For-Cyber-Warfare/articleshow/44834375.cms|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> However, India has formulated the [[National Cyber Security Policy 2013]] which has been implemented.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 July 2013|title=National Cyber Security Policy-2013|work=Department Of Electronics And Information Technology|url=http://deity.gov.in/content/national-cyber-security-policy-2013-1|accessdate=7 November 2014|archive-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027062230/http://deity.gov.in/content/national-cyber-security-policy-2013-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> The National Cyber Coordination Centre's purpose would be to help the country deal with malicious cyber-activities by acting as an Internet traffic monitoring entity that can fend off domestic or international attacks.<ref name="http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-To-Beef-Up-National-Cyber-Defense-464218.shtml">{{cite news|date=5 November 2014|title=India to Beef Up National Cyber Defense|work=Softpedia News|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-To-Beef-Up-National-Cyber-Defense-464218.shtml|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/biztech/govt-plans-set-rs-800-crore-cyber-intelligence-centre-99578.html">{{cite news|date=15 September 2014|title=Govt plans to set up Rs 800 crore cyber intelligence centre|work=Firstbiz|url=http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/biztech/govt-plans-set-rs-800-crore-cyber-intelligence-centre-99578.html|accessdate=7 November 2014}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


Components of the NCCC include a cybercrime prevention strategy, cybercrime investigation training and review of outdated laws.
Components of the NCCC include a cybercrime prevention strategy, cybercrime investigation training and review of outdated laws.
Line 23: Line 23:
The NCCC is an e-surveillance and cybersecurity project of Government of India.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-gets-ready-to-roll-out-cyber-snooping-agency/article4798049.ece|title= India gets ready to roll out cyber snooping agency |work= The Hindu |date=10 June 2013 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://thediplomat.com/2013/06/india-sets-up-domestic-prism-like-cyber-surveillance/|title= India Sets Up Domestic PRISM-Like Cyber Surveillance?|work= The Diplomat |date=10 June 2013 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> It has been classified to be a project of Indian government without a legal framework, which may be counterproductive as it may violate civil liberties and human rights.<ref name=" http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx"/>
The NCCC is an e-surveillance and cybersecurity project of Government of India.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-gets-ready-to-roll-out-cyber-snooping-agency/article4798049.ece|title= India gets ready to roll out cyber snooping agency |work= The Hindu |date=10 June 2013 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://thediplomat.com/2013/06/india-sets-up-domestic-prism-like-cyber-surveillance/|title= India Sets Up Domestic PRISM-Like Cyber Surveillance?|work= The Diplomat |date=10 June 2013 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> It has been classified to be a project of Indian government without a legal framework, which may be counterproductive as it may violate civil liberties and human rights.<ref name=" http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx"/>


There were concerns that National Cyber Coordination Centre (NCCC) could possibly be abused for indulging in mass surveillance in India, privacy violation and civil liberty violations as agencies like NTRO{{clarify|What is this?|date=May 2019}} and organisations like the National Security Council Secretariat are exempted from the applicability of any transparency law like Right to Information Act.<ref name=" http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx"/><ref name=" http://rti.india.gov.in/exempted.php">{{cite news|url= http://rti.india.gov.in/exempted.php|title= Exempted Organisations From Applicability Of Right to Information Act 2005|work= CIC Online|date=26 September 2005|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref> [[Mass surveillance in India]] is not new as India already has e-surveillance projects like [[Central Monitoring System]],<ref name=" http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130421/jsp/7days/story_16809272.jsp">{{cite news|url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130421/jsp/7days/story_16809272.jsp|archive-url= https://archive.today/20141109061343/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130421/jsp/7days/story_16809272.jsp|url-status= dead|archive-date= 9 November 2014|title= Big Brother is listening |work= The Telegraph|date=21 April 2013|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> [[NATGRID]], and [[DRDO NETRA]].
There were concerns that National Cyber Coordination Centre (NCCC) could possibly be abused for indulging in mass surveillance in India, privacy violation and civil liberty violations as agencies like NTRO{{clarify|What is this?|date=May 2019}} and organisations like the National Security Council Secretariat are exempted from the applicability of any transparency law like Right to Information Act.<ref name=" http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx"/><ref name=" http://rti.india.gov.in/exempted.php">{{cite news|url= http://rti.india.gov.in/exempted.php|title= Exempted Organisations From Applicability Of Right to Information Act 2005|work= CIC Online|date= 26 September 2005|accessdate= 6 November 2014|archive-date= 22 October 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141022122501/http://rti.india.gov.in/exempted.php|url-status= dead}}</ref> [[Mass surveillance in India]] is not new as India already has e-surveillance projects like [[Central Monitoring System]],<ref name=" http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130421/jsp/7days/story_16809272.jsp">{{cite news|url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130421/jsp/7days/story_16809272.jsp|archive-url= https://archive.today/20141109061343/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130421/jsp/7days/story_16809272.jsp|url-status= dead|archive-date= 9 November 2014|title= Big Brother is listening |work= The Telegraph|date=21 April 2013|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> [[NATGRID]], and [[DRDO NETRA]].


Many, including legal experts,<ref name=" http://www.tehelka.com/big-brother-must-not-overstep-the-limits/">{{cite news|url= http://www.tehelka.com/big-brother-must-not-overstep-the-limits/|title= Big Brother Must Not Overstep the Limits|work= Tehelka|date=3 March 2012|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=" http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/">{{cite news|url= http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/|title= The trouble with big brother's eye|work= Tehelka|date=31 August 2012|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> in India believe that intelligence agencies and their e-surveillance projects require parliamentary oversight.<ref name=" http://www.deccanherald.com/content/258689/time-parliamentary-oversight-over-intelligence.html">{{cite news|url= http://www.deccanherald.com/content/258689/time-parliamentary-oversight-over-intelligence.html|title= Time for parliamentary oversight over intelligence agencies |work= Deccan Herald|date=23 June 2012|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=" http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Take-steps-to-make-intelligence-agencies-accountable-to-Parliament-Team-Anna/articleshow/13870105.cms ">{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Take-steps-to-make-intelligence-agencies-accountable-to-Parliament-Team-Anna/articleshow/13870105.cms |title= Take steps to make intelligence agencies accountable to Parliament: Team Anna|work= Times Of India|date=6 June 2012|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=" http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/spooks-under-scrutiny/1/291003.html">{{cite news|url= http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/spooks-under-scrutiny/1/291003.html|title= Spooks Under Scrutiny|work= India Today|date=12 July 2013|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> Although NCCC is jurisdictionally under the Ministry of Home Affairs, it coordinates with multiple security and surveillance agencies as well as with [[Indian Computer Emergency Response Team|CERT-In]] of the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]].
Many, including legal experts,<ref name=" http://www.tehelka.com/big-brother-must-not-overstep-the-limits/">{{cite news|url= http://www.tehelka.com/big-brother-must-not-overstep-the-limits/|title= Big Brother Must Not Overstep the Limits|work= Tehelka|date= 3 March 2012|accessdate= 7 November 2014|archive-date= 4 July 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140704194825/http://www.tehelka.com/big-brother-must-not-overstep-the-limits/|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name=" http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/">{{cite news|url= http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/|title= The trouble with big brother's eye|work= Tehelka|date= 31 August 2012|accessdate= 7 November 2014|archive-date= 2 July 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140702112108/http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/|url-status= dead}}</ref> in India believe that intelligence agencies and their e-surveillance projects require parliamentary oversight.<ref name=" http://www.deccanherald.com/content/258689/time-parliamentary-oversight-over-intelligence.html">{{cite news|url= http://www.deccanherald.com/content/258689/time-parliamentary-oversight-over-intelligence.html|title= Time for parliamentary oversight over intelligence agencies |work= Deccan Herald|date=23 June 2012|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=" http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Take-steps-to-make-intelligence-agencies-accountable-to-Parliament-Team-Anna/articleshow/13870105.cms ">{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Take-steps-to-make-intelligence-agencies-accountable-to-Parliament-Team-Anna/articleshow/13870105.cms |title= Take steps to make intelligence agencies accountable to Parliament: Team Anna|work= Times Of India|date=6 June 2012|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=" http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/spooks-under-scrutiny/1/291003.html">{{cite news|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20130722-spooks-under-scrutiny-764693-1999-11-29|title= Spooks Under Scrutiny|work= India Today|date=12 July 2013|access-date=7 November 2014}}</ref> Although NCCC is jurisdictionally under the Ministry of Home Affairs, it coordinates with multiple security and surveillance agencies as well as with [[Indian Computer Emergency Response Team|CERT-In]] of the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]].


== Status ==
== Status ==
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The National Cyber Coordination Centre received an in principle approval in May 2013 and would come under the [[National Information Board]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140119201552/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx|url-status= dead|archive-date= 19 January 2014|title= Centre to shield India from cyber attacks proposed| work= Hindustan Times |date=16 August 2014 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> In September 2014, Indian government discussed to establish it.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/super-cyber-intelligence-body-soon-announces-it-minister/article6408263.ece|title= Super cyber intelligence body soon, announces IT Minister|work= The Hindu|date=14 September 2014 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> In November 2014 Rs. 1,000 crore has been allotted to improve Indian cybersecurity. From this Rs. 800 crore would be utilised for National Cyber Coordination Centre purposes.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/rs-1-000-cr-set-aside-for-cyber-shield-114110401377_1.html|title= Rs 1,000 cr set aside for cyber shield | work= Business Standard|date=5 November 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
The National Cyber Coordination Centre received an in principle approval in May 2013 and would come under the [[National Information Board]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140119201552/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyber-protection-body-pushes-ahead/article1-1174753.aspx|url-status= dead|archive-date= 19 January 2014|title= Centre to shield India from cyber attacks proposed| work= Hindustan Times |date=16 August 2014 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> In September 2014, Indian government discussed to establish it.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/super-cyber-intelligence-body-soon-announces-it-minister/article6408263.ece|title= Super cyber intelligence body soon, announces IT Minister|work= The Hindu|date=14 September 2014 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> In November 2014 Rs. 1,000 crore has been allotted to improve Indian cybersecurity. From this Rs. 800 crore would be utilised for National Cyber Coordination Centre purposes.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/rs-1-000-cr-set-aside-for-cyber-shield-114110401377_1.html|title= Rs 1,000 cr set aside for cyber shield | work= Business Standard|date=5 November 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>


On 9 August, in response to a question, minister of State P.P. Chaudhary mentioned that Phase-1 of the National Cyber Coordination Centre is now operational.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.190/loksabhaquestions/annex/12/AU3697.pdf|title=Minister's response in the Lok Sabha to a question on the operationalization of the NCCC|website=Lok Sabha}}</ref> Indian and U.S. intelligence agencies are also working together to curb misuse of social media platforms in the virtual world by terror groups.<ref>{{cite news|date=31 October 2014|title=Cyber Crime Prevention Strategy will be Strengthened: Home Minister Shri Rajnath Singh|work=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=110987|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=4 November 2014|title=Panel proposes axing 73 more obsolete laws|work=Times Of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Panel-proposes-axing-73-more-obsolete-laws/articleshow/45030035.cms|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Indo-US-Intelligence-Team-to-End-Virtual-Terrorism/2014/11/06/article2509348.ece">{{cite news|date=5 November 2014|title=Indo-US Intelligence Team to End Virtual Terrorism|work=Indian Express|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Indo-US-Intelligence-Team-to-End-Virtual-Terrorism/2014/11/06/article2509348.ece|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>
On 9 August, in response to a question, minister of State P.P. Chaudhary mentioned that Phase-1 of the National Cyber Coordination Centre is now operational.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.190/loksabhaquestions/annex/12/AU3697.pdf|title=Minister's response in the Lok Sabha to a question on the operationalization of the NCCC|website=Lok Sabha|access-date=10 August 2017|archive-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810211038/http://164.100.47.190/loksabhaquestions/annex/12/AU3697.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Indian and U.S. intelligence agencies are also working together to curb misuse of [[social media]] platforms in the virtual world by terror groups.<ref>{{cite news|date=31 October 2014|title=Cyber Crime Prevention Strategy will be Strengthened: Home Minister Shri Rajnath Singh|work=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=110987|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=4 November 2014|title=Panel proposes axing 73 more obsolete laws|work=Times Of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Panel-proposes-axing-73-more-obsolete-laws/articleshow/45030035.cms|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Indo-US-Intelligence-Team-to-End-Virtual-Terrorism/2014/11/06/article2509348.ece">{{cite news|date=5 November 2014|title=Indo-US Intelligence Team to End Virtual Terrorism|work=Indian Express|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Indo-US-Intelligence-Team-to-End-Virtual-Terrorism/2014/11/06/article2509348.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108212042/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Indo-US-Intelligence-Team-to-End-Virtual-Terrorism/2014/11/06/article2509348.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 November 2014|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>


== Functions ==
== Functions ==
Line 37: Line 37:


== National Cyber Security Coordinator ==
== National Cyber Security Coordinator ==
The first National Cyber Security Coordinator/ Cyber-security chief was Dr. Gulshan Rai. He was followed by Lt. Gen. Rajesh Pant (Retd). Currently it is held by Lt Gen MU Nair.<ref>{{webarchive |date=5 Jul 2023 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705180943/https://www.the420.in/lt-gen-mu-nair-takes-charge-as-indias-new-cyber-security-chief/CIO}}{{Dead Link|date=September 2023}}</ref>
The first National Cyber Security Coordinator/ Cyber-security chief was Dr. Gulshan Rai. He was followed by Lt. Gen. Rajesh Pant (Retd). Currently it is held by Lt Gen MU Nair.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the420.in/lt-gen-mu-nair-takes-charge-as-indias-new-cyber-security-chief/CIO |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705180943/https://www.the420.in/lt-gen-mu-nair-takes-charge-as-indias-new-cyber-security-chief/CIO |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== Similar projects ==
== Similar projects ==
Line 46: Line 46:
* [[Central Monitoring System]]<ref name="The Hindu"/>
* [[Central Monitoring System]]<ref name="The Hindu"/>
* [[NATGRID]]<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2013/07/india-taking-steps-toward-a-surveillance-state/|title= Is India about to gets its own PRISM?|work= Index On Censorship|date=10 July 2013|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>
* [[NATGRID]]<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2013/07/india-taking-steps-toward-a-surveillance-state/|title= Is India about to gets its own PRISM?|work= Index On Censorship|date=10 July 2013|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>
* [[DRDO NETRA|Netra]]<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.iamwire.com/2013/12/defence-ministrys-spy-system-netra-launched/23204|title= Defence Ministry's new spy system 'Netra' soon to be launched|work= Iamwire|date=16 December 2013|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>
* [[DRDO NETRA|Netra]]<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.iamwire.com/2013/12/defence-ministrys-spy-system-netra-launched/23204|title= Defence Ministry's new spy system 'Netra' soon to be launched|work= Iamwire|date= 16 December 2013|accessdate= 6 November 2014|archive-date= 9 November 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141109100239/http://www.iamwire.com/2013/12/defence-ministrys-spy-system-netra-launched/23204|url-status= dead}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:2011 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Cybercrime in India]]
[[Category:Cybercrime in India]]
[[Category:Cyber Security in India]]
[[Category:Computer security in India]]

Latest revision as of 02:23, 26 January 2026

Not to be confused with Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre.
National Cyber Coordination Centre
Agency overview
JurisdictionGovernment of India
Agency executive
  • Lt Gen M U Nair, National Cyber Security Coordinator
Parent departmentMinistry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)[1]

The National Cyber Coordination Centre (NCCC) is an operational cybersecurity and e-surveillance agency in India. It is intended to screen communication metadata and co-ordinate the intelligence gathering activities of other agencies. Some have expressed concern that the body could encroach on Indian citizens' privacy and civil-liberties, given the lack of explicit privacy laws in the country.[2]

Motivation[edit | edit source]

India had no dedicated Cyber-security regulation and was also not well prepared to deal with cyberwarfare prior to 2013. [3] However, India has formulated the National Cyber Security Policy 2013 which has been implemented.[4] The National Cyber Coordination Centre's purpose would be to help the country deal with malicious cyber-activities by acting as an Internet traffic monitoring entity that can fend off domestic or international attacks.[5][6]

Components of the NCCC include a cybercrime prevention strategy, cybercrime investigation training and review of outdated laws.

Background[edit | edit source]

The NCCC is an e-surveillance and cybersecurity project of Government of India.[7][8] It has been classified to be a project of Indian government without a legal framework, which may be counterproductive as it may violate civil liberties and human rights.[2]

There were concerns that National Cyber Coordination Centre (NCCC) could possibly be abused for indulging in mass surveillance in India, privacy violation and civil liberty violations as agencies like NTRO[clarification needed] and organisations like the National Security Council Secretariat are exempted from the applicability of any transparency law like Right to Information Act.[2][9] Mass surveillance in India is not new as India already has e-surveillance projects like Central Monitoring System,[10] NATGRID, and DRDO NETRA.

Many, including legal experts,[11][12] in India believe that intelligence agencies and their e-surveillance projects require parliamentary oversight.[13][14][15] Although NCCC is jurisdictionally under the Ministry of Home Affairs, it coordinates with multiple security and surveillance agencies as well as with CERT-In of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

Status[edit | edit source]

The National Cyber Coordination Centre received an in principle approval in May 2013 and would come under the National Information Board.[16] In September 2014, Indian government discussed to establish it.[17] In November 2014 Rs. 1,000 crore has been allotted to improve Indian cybersecurity. From this Rs. 800 crore would be utilised for National Cyber Coordination Centre purposes.[18]

On 9 August, in response to a question, minister of State P.P. Chaudhary mentioned that Phase-1 of the National Cyber Coordination Centre is now operational.[19] Indian and U.S. intelligence agencies are also working together to curb misuse of social media platforms in the virtual world by terror groups.[20][21][22]

Functions[edit | edit source]

Government sources mentioned that the government would also involve Internet service providers (ISPs) to ensure round-the-clock monitoring of the Internet, while expertise of other private sector organisations would be utilised when required. It will be India’s first layer for cyber threat monitoring and all communication with government and private service providers would be through this body only. The NCCC will be in virtual contact with the control room of all ISPs to scan traffic within the country, flowing at the point of entry and exit, including international gateway. Apart from monitoring the Internet, the NCCC would look into various threats posed by cyber attacks. The NCCC would also address the threats faced by the computer networks of government departments and organisations handling sensitive government data and important websites.[23]

National Cyber Security Coordinator[edit | edit source]

The first National Cyber Security Coordinator/ Cyber-security chief was Dr. Gulshan Rai. He was followed by Lt. Gen. Rajesh Pant (Retd). Currently it is held by Lt Gen MU Nair.[24]

Similar projects[edit | edit source]

Projects similar in nature:

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Notification" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "India's cyber protection body pushes ahead". Hindustan Times. 29 January 2014. Archived from the original on 19 January 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  3. ↑ "India Unprepared For Cyber Warfare". Business Insider. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "National Cyber Security Policy-2013". Department Of Electronics And Information Technology. 1 July 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  5. ↑ "India to Beef Up National Cyber Defense". Softpedia News. 5 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  6. ↑ "Govt plans to set up Rs 800 crore cyber intelligence centre". Firstbiz. 15 September 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.[permanent dead link]
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "India gets ready to roll out cyber snooping agency". The Hindu. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  8. ↑ "India Sets Up Domestic PRISM-Like Cyber Surveillance?". The Diplomat. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  9. ↑ "Exempted Organisations From Applicability Of Right to Information Act 2005". CIC Online. 26 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  10. ↑ "Big Brother is listening". The Telegraph. 21 April 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  11. ↑ "Big Brother Must Not Overstep the Limits". Tehelka. 3 March 2012. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  12. ↑ "The trouble with big brother's eye". Tehelka. 31 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  13. ↑ "Time for parliamentary oversight over intelligence agencies". Deccan Herald. 23 June 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  14. ↑ "Take steps to make intelligence agencies accountable to Parliament: Team Anna". Times Of India. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  15. ↑ "Spooks Under Scrutiny". India Today. 12 July 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  16. ↑ "Centre to shield India from cyber attacks proposed". Hindustan Times. 16 August 2014. Archived from the original on 19 January 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  17. ↑ "Super cyber intelligence body soon, announces IT Minister". The Hindu. 14 September 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  18. ↑ "Rs 1,000 cr set aside for cyber shield". Business Standard. 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  19. ↑ "Minister's response in the Lok Sabha to a question on the operationalization of the NCCC" (PDF). Lok Sabha. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  20. ↑ "Cyber Crime Prevention Strategy will be Strengthened: Home Minister Shri Rajnath Singh". Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  21. ↑ "Panel proposes axing 73 more obsolete laws". Times Of India. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  22. ↑ "Indo-US Intelligence Team to End Virtual Terrorism". Indian Express. 5 November 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  23. ↑ Joshi, Sandeep (10 June 2013). "India gets ready to roll out cyber snooping agency". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  24. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. ↑ "Big brother is watching you?". Hindustan Times. 22 June 2013. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  26. ↑ "Is India about to gets its own PRISM?". Index On Censorship. 10 July 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  27. ↑ "Defence Ministry's new spy system 'Netra' soon to be launched". Iamwire. 16 December 2013. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
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