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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Short description|Sultan of Bijapur from 1656 to 1672}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2018}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{more footnotes|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{refimprove|date=February 2018}}
| name         = Ali Adil Shah II
{{Infobox monarch
| title       = [[Sultan]]<br>[[Shah]]
| name = Ali Adil Shah II
| image       = Ali Adil Shah II.jpg
| title = Adil Shahi
| reign       = 4 November 1656 – 24 November 1672
[[Sultan]]
| othrtitles   =  
| image= Ali ʿAadil Sháh II of Bijapur.jpg
| full name   = Sultan Adil Shah Sani
| reign = 1656–1672
| predecessor = [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Mohammed Adil Shah]]
| othrtitles =
| successor   = [[Sikandar Adil Shah]]
| full name = Sultan Adil Shah Sani
| succession  = 8th [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Sultan of Bijapur]]
| predecessor = [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Mohammed Adil Shah]]
| spouse       = Khurshida Khanum
| successor = [[Sikandar Adil Shah]]
| issue       = [[Shahar Banu Begum]] (Padshah Bibi)<br>Husain<br>[[Sikandar Adil Shah]]
| spouse = Khurshida Khanum
| royal house = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi house]]
| issue = [[Shahar Banu Begum]] (Padshah Bibi)<br>Husain<br>[[Sikandar Adil Shah]]
| dynasty     = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi Empire]]
| royal house = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi house]]
| father       = [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Mohammed Adil Shah]]
| dynasty = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi Empire]]
| mother       = [[Khadija Sultana]] of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda]]
| father = [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Mohammed Adil Shah]]
| birth_place =  
| mother = [[Khadija Sultana]] of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda]]
| death_date   = 24 November 1672
| birth_place =
| death_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| death_date = 24 Nov 1672
| burial_date  =  
| death_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| burial_place = Bara Kaman
| date of burial =
| religion     = [[Sunni Islam]]<ref name="ReferenceF">Muhammad Qasim [[Firishta]]'s Tarikh-e-Firishta.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Busateenus-Salateen a Persian Manuscript of Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi.</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi, Rouzatul Auliya-e-Bijapur.</ref>
| place of burial = Bara Kaman
}}
| religion = [[Shia Islam]]
|succession=[[Adil Shahi]] Sultan}}
On the death of [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur]] on 4 November 1656, '''Ali Adil Shah II''', a youth of eighteen, succeeded to the throne of [[Bijapur]] through the efforts of the Prime Minister Khan Muhammad and the Queen, Badi Sahiba, sister of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shah]] of [[Golkonda]].


His accession signaled disasters to the Kingdom and his reign marked the decline of the mighty Bijapur Kingdom.
'''Ali Adil Shah II''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|علی عادل شاه دوم}}|translit=ʿAlī ʿĀdil Shāh}}; died 24 November 1672) was the 8th Sultan of [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur]]. He succeeded to the throne of Bijapur through the efforts of the Prime Minister Khan Muhammad and the Queen, Badi Sahiba, sister of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shah]] of [[Golkonda]] on the death of [[Mohammed Adil Shah of Bijapur]] on 4 November 1656.
 
His accession signaled disasters to the Kingdom and his reign marked the decline of the Bijapur Kingdom.


== Reign ==
== Reign ==
[[Shah Jahan]], anxious to annex Bijapur to his empire, found a pretext in the legitimacy of Alis parents. On [[Aurangzeb]]’s plea, [[Shah Jahan]] sanctioned the invasion of Bijapur and gave him a free hand to deal with the situation. This sanction of such a war was wholly unrighteous. Bijapur was not a vassal state of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]; but an independent and equal ally of the Mughal Emperor, and the latter had no lawful right to confirm or question the succession to the [[Bijapur Sultanate]]. However, Aurangzeb, had to raise the siege and rush to the north for the war of succession to the Mughal throne.
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2025}}
[[Shah Jahan]], anxious to annex Bijapur to his empire, found a pretext in the legitimacy of Ali's parents. On [[Aurangzeb]]’s plea, [[Shah Jahan]] sanctioned the invasion of Bijapur and gave him a free hand to deal with the situation. This sanction of such a war was wholly unrighteous. Bijapur was not a vassal state of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]], but an independent and equal ally of the Mughal Emperor, and the latter had no lawful right to confirm or question the succession to the [[Bijapur Sultanate]]. However, Aurangzeb had to raise the siege and rush north for the war of succession to the Mughal throne.


With Muhammad’s death and Ali’s accession disorder had begun in the [[Karnataka]]. The [[Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] tried to recover their former lands. ([[Bangalore]] the capital of [[Karnataka]] was Bijapur’s administrative headquarters for controlling these feudatories by Kempegouda). On the other hand, [[Shivaji]] increased the momentum of acquiring more and more Bijapur territory and carved an independent [[Maratha]] state, while his diplomacy prevented any [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]-[[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]] coalition against him.
With Muhammad's death and Ali's accession, disorder had begun in the [[Karnataka]]. The [[Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] tried to recover their former lands. ([[Bangalore]], the capital of [[Karnataka]], was Bijapur's administrative headquarters for controlling these feudatories by Kempegouda.) Meanwhile, [[Shivaji]] increased the momentum of acquiring more and more Bijapur territory and carved an independent [[Maratha]] state, while his diplomacy prevented any [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]-[[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]] coalition against him.


At the court things were even worse. With the coming of a young and weak ruler, the party factions and struggle for supremacy was at its zenith. To aggravate the, [[Aurangzeb]] intrigued with Bijapur nobles and succeeded in winning over most of them.
At the court, things were even worse. With the coming of a young and weak ruler, the party factions and struggle for supremacy was at its zenith. To aggravate them, [[Aurangzeb]] intrigued with Bijapur nobles and succeeded in winning over most of them.


Throughout his reign of 16 years, Ali struggled desperately both against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and the [[Maratha]]s. He thrice repulsed Mughal invasions. But when he died in 1672 the great and glorious Bijapur of Muhammad’s time was deprived of most of its important territorial possessions. With the expansion of [[Shivaji]]’s kingdom there was a corresponding shrinkage in the Bijapur territory.
Throughout his reign of 16 years, Ali struggled desperately both against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]]s. He thrice repulsed Mughal invasions. But when he died in 1672, the Bijapur kingdom was deprived of most of its important territorial possessions. With the expansion of [[Shivaji]]’s kingdom, there was a corresponding shrinkage in the Bijapur territory.


==Death==
==Literary activity==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:BaraKaram.jpg|thumb|150px|The incomplete masolueum of Adil Shah, Barakaman(Ali Roza-II), [[India]], which means twelve arches in [[Urdu]]]] -->
The reign of ʿAlī ʿĀdil Shāh II was marked by developments in [[Persian literature|Persian]] and [[Deccani language|Deccani]] literature and fine arts. [[Nusrati]] served as his poet-laureate.  A history known as the ''Taʾrīkh-i ʿAlī ʿĀdil Shāh'' by Nūrullāh ibn Qāḍī Sayyid ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī al-Qadirī was also produced under his patronage.<ref>Charles Rieu, ''Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum'', volume 1 (London: British Museum, 1879), 318.</ref>


Ali’s reign is marked by developments in [[Persian literature|Persian]] and Deccani literature and fine arts, and some good works of history were also produced under his patronage. He was buried in Ali Ka Rouza the world-famous [[Bara Kaman]] in Bijapur.
==Tomb==
ʿAlī ʿĀdil Shāh II  was buried in Ali Ka Rouza, the well-known [[Bara Kaman]] in Bijapur.
 
==See also==
*[[Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts]]


==References==
==References==
{{commons category|Ali Adil Shah II}}
{{Reflist}}
 
==Bibliography==
{{commons category}}
* Dehlavi, Basheeruddin: ''Wāqīyāt-i mamlakat-i Bījāpūr'', Bangalore (Karnatak Urdu Academy) 2003.
* Dehlavi, Basheeruddin: ''Wāqīyāt-i mamlakat-i Bījāpūr'', Bangalore (Karnatak Urdu Academy) 2003.
* [[Firishta]], Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū-Shāh Astarābādī: ''History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, till the Year 1612'', translated by John Briggs, Calcutta (Editions Indian) 1829, rep. 1966.
* [[Firishta]], Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū-Shāh Astarābādī: ''History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, till the Year 1612'', translated by John Briggs, Calcutta (Editions Indian) 1829, rep. 1966.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Adil Shah 02}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Adil Shah 02}}
[[Category:1672 deaths]]
[[Category:1672 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Sultans of Bijapur]]
[[Category:Sultans of Bijapur]]
[[Category:Adil Shahi dynasty]]
[[Category:1656 in India]]
[[Category:1672 in India]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

Latest revision as of 21:37, 23 March 2026


Ali Adil Shah II
Sultan
Shah
8th Sultan of Bijapur
Reign4 November 1656 – 24 November 1672
PredecessorMohammed Adil Shah
SuccessorSikandar Adil Shah
Died24 November 1672
Bijapur
Burial
Bara Kaman
SpouseKhurshida Khanum
IssueShahar Banu Begum (Padshah Bibi)
Husain
Sikandar Adil Shah
Names
Sultan Adil Shah Sani
HouseAdil Shahi house
DynastyAdil Shahi Empire
FatherMohammed Adil Shah
MotherKhadija Sultana of Golconda
ReligionSunni Islam[1][2][3]

Ali Adil Shah II (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; died 24 November 1672) was the 8th Sultan of Bijapur. He succeeded to the throne of Bijapur through the efforts of the Prime Minister Khan Muhammad and the Queen, Badi Sahiba, sister of Qutb Shah of Golkonda on the death of Mohammed Adil Shah of Bijapur on 4 November 1656.

His accession signaled disasters to the Kingdom and his reign marked the decline of the Bijapur Kingdom.

Reign[edit | edit source]

Shah Jahan, anxious to annex Bijapur to his empire, found a pretext in the legitimacy of Ali's parents. On Aurangzeb’s plea, Shah Jahan sanctioned the invasion of Bijapur and gave him a free hand to deal with the situation. This sanction of such a war was wholly unrighteous. Bijapur was not a vassal state of the Mughals, but an independent and equal ally of the Mughal Emperor, and the latter had no lawful right to confirm or question the succession to the Bijapur Sultanate. However, Aurangzeb had to raise the siege and rush north for the war of succession to the Mughal throne.

With Muhammad's death and Ali's accession, disorder had begun in the Karnataka. The Nayaks tried to recover their former lands. (Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka, was Bijapur's administrative headquarters for controlling these feudatories by Kempegouda.) Meanwhile, Shivaji increased the momentum of acquiring more and more Bijapur territory and carved an independent Maratha state, while his diplomacy prevented any Mughal-Bijapur coalition against him.

At the court, things were even worse. With the coming of a young and weak ruler, the party factions and struggle for supremacy was at its zenith. To aggravate them, Aurangzeb intrigued with Bijapur nobles and succeeded in winning over most of them.

Throughout his reign of 16 years, Ali struggled desperately both against the Mughals and the Marathas. He thrice repulsed Mughal invasions. But when he died in 1672, the Bijapur kingdom was deprived of most of its important territorial possessions. With the expansion of Shivaji’s kingdom, there was a corresponding shrinkage in the Bijapur territory.

Literary activity[edit | edit source]

The reign of ʿAlī ʿĀdil Shāh II was marked by developments in Persian and Deccani literature and fine arts. Nusrati served as his poet-laureate. A history known as the Taʾrīkh-i ʿAlī ʿĀdil Shāh by Nūrullāh ibn Qāḍī Sayyid ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī al-Qadirī was also produced under his patronage.[4]

Tomb[edit | edit source]

ʿAlī ʿĀdil Shāh II was buried in Ali Ka Rouza, the well-known Bara Kaman in Bijapur.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Muhammad Qasim Firishta's Tarikh-e-Firishta.
  2. ↑ Busateenus-Salateen a Persian Manuscript of Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi.
  3. ↑ Mirza Ibrahim Zubairi, Rouzatul Auliya-e-Bijapur.
  4. ↑ Charles Rieu, Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum, volume 1 (London: British Museum, 1879), 318.

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  • Dehlavi, Basheeruddin: Wāqīyāt-i mamlakat-i Bījāpūr, Bangalore (Karnatak Urdu Academy) 2003.
  • Firishta, Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū-Shāh Astarābādī: History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, till the Year 1612, translated by John Briggs, Calcutta (Editions Indian) 1829, rep. 1966.
  • Nayeem, Muhammad: External Relations of the Bijapur Kingdom, Hyderabad A.P. (Bright Publishers) 1974.
  • Verma, Dinesh Chandra: Social, economic, and cultural history of Bijapur, Delhi (Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli) 1990.
Preceded by
Mohammed Adil Shah 		Adil Shahi Rulers of Bijapur
1656–1672 		Succeeded by
Sikandar Adil Shah
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