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{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = OSRAM Licht AG
| name = OSRAM Licht AG
| type = [[Aktiengesellschaft]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| traded_as =  
| traded_as =  
| foundation = {{start date and age|1919|07|01}} ([[Berlin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osram.de/media/resource/HIRES/334234/4886132/geschichte---100-jahre-osram.pdf|title=100 Jahre OSRAM: Licht hat einen Namen |website=Osram.de|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref>)
| foundation = {{start date and age|1919|07|01|df=y}} ([[Berlin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osram.de/media/resource/HIRES/334234/4886132/geschichte---100-jahre-osram.pdf|title=100 Jahre OSRAM: Licht hat einen Namen|website=Osram.de|access-date=8 September 2018|archive-date=3 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903043658/http://www.osram.de/media/resource/HIRES/334234/4886132/geschichte---100-jahre-osram.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>)
| founder =  
| founder =  
| location = [[Munich]], Germany
| location = [[Munich]], Germany
Line 15: Line 15:
| net_income =  
| net_income =  
| num_employees =  
| num_employees =  
| parent = [[ams AG]] (80,3%)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ams-osram.com/news/press-releases/delisting_result|title=
| parent = [[AMS-Osram|ams-OSRAM AG]] (80,3%)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ams-osram.com/news/press-releases/delisting_result|title=
ams OSRAM announces successful delisting offer and forthcoming delisting of OSRAM shares|website=ams-osram.com|access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref> (2020–present)
ams OSRAM announces successful delisting offer and forthcoming delisting of OSRAM shares|website=ams-osram.com|access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref> (2020–present)
| subsid = {{ubl|[[Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH|Osram Opto Semiconductors]]|[[OSRAM Sylvania]]}}
| subsid = {{ubl|[[Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH|Osram Opto Semiconductors]]|[[OSRAM Sylvania]]}}
| homepage = {{URL | ams-osram.com }}
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.ams-osram.com}} {{URL|https://www.osram.com}}
{{URL | osram.com }}
| footnotes =  
| footnotes =  
}}
}}


'''OSRAM Licht AG''' is a German company that makes [[electric light]]s, headquartered in [[Munich]] and [[Premstätten]] (Austria). OSRAM positions itself as a high-tech [[photonics]] company that is increasingly focusing on [[sensor]] technology, visualization and treatment by light.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osram-group.com/en/our-company/our-mission|title=#TheNewOSRAM - the high-tech photonics company|publisher=OSRAM|date=25 November 2020}}</ref> The company serves customers in the consumer, automotive, healthcare and industrial technology sectors.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 March 2021|title=ams & OSRAM news|url=https://ams-osram.com/news|publisher=Ams AG}}</ref> The operating company of OSRAM is '''OSRAM GmbH'''.
'''OSRAM Licht AG''' is a German company that makes [[electric light]]s, headquartered in [[Munich]] and [[Premstätten]] (Austria). OSRAM positions itself as a high-tech [[photonics]] company that is increasingly focusing on [[sensor]] technology, visualization and treatment by light.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 November 2020 |title=#TheNewOSRAM - the high-tech photonics company |url=https://www.osram-group.com/en/our-company/our-mission |website=www.osram-group.com |publisher=OSRAM}}</ref> The company serves customers in the consumer, automotive, healthcare and industrial technology sectors. The operating company of OSRAM is '''OSRAM GmbH'''.


Osram was founded in 1919 by the merger of the lighting businesses of [[Auergesellschaft]], [[Siemens & Halske]] and [[AEG|Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft]] (AEG). Osram was a wholly owned subsidiary of Siemens AG from 1978 to 2013. On 5 July 2013, Osram was spun off from [[Siemens]], and the listing of its stock began on [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] on 8 July 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledsmagazine.com/home/article/16697260/osram-shares-begin-trading-on-the-frankfurt-and-munich-stock-exchanges|title=Osram shares begin trading on the Frankfurt and Munich Stock Exchanges|publisher=LEDs Magazine|date=8 July 2013}}</ref> Osram's business with conventional light sources was spun off in 2016 under the name [[LEDVANCE|Ledvance]] and sold to a Chinese consortium.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osram-group.com/en/media/press-releases/pr-2016/26-07-2016|title=Ad hoc: Osram finds best owner for lamps business|publisher=OSRAM|date=25 November 2020}}
Osram was founded in 1919 by the merger of the lighting businesses of [[Auergesellschaft]], [[Siemens & Halske]] and [[AEG (German company)|Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft]] (AEG). In 1933, Osram donated 40,000 [[Reichsmarks]] to the Nazi Party in the 1933 elections..<ref>''The Mazal Library'': [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213004041/http://www.mazal.org/archive/nmt/07/NMT07-T0567.htm NMT, Volume VII, pp. 567] (Document NI-391 can be found on pp. 565–568), [https://web.archive.org/web/20120415021424/http://www.mazal.org/archive/nmt/07/NMT07-C001.htm The Farben Case]</ref> Osram was a wholly owned subsidiary of Siemens AG from 1978 to 2013. On 5 July 2013, Osram was spun off from [[Siemens]], and the listing of its stock began on [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] on 8 July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Osram shares begin trading on the Frankfurt and Munich Stock Exchanges |url=https://www.ledsmagazine.com/home/article/16697260/osram-shares-begin-trading-on-the-frankfurt-and-munich-stock-exchanges |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127055939/https://www.ledsmagazine.com/home/article/16697260/osram-shares-begin-trading-on-the-frankfurt-and-munich-stock-exchanges |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=www.ledsmagazine.com |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Osram's business with conventional light sources was spun off in 2016 under the name [[Ledvance]] and sold to a Chinese consortium.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osram-group.com/en/media/press-releases/pr-2016/26-07-2016|title=Ad hoc: Osram finds best owner for lamps business|publisher=OSRAM|date=25 November 2020}}</ref>
</ref> After a bidding war<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-osram-m-a-ams-idUSKCN1VB1C6|title=AMS clear to make takeover bid for Osram in potential bidding war|publisher=Reuters|date=21 August 2019}}</ref> with [[Bain Capital]], Osram was taken over by Austrian company [[ams AG|AMS]] in July 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osram-group.com/en/media/press-releases/pr-2019/06-12-2019|title=Osram's Managing Board invites ams to talks about the future|publisher=OSRAM|date=6 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osram-group.com/en/media/press-releases/pr-2019/04-07-2019|title=Osram supports public takeover offer from Bain Capital and The Carlyle Group|publisher=OSRAM|date=4 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ams.com/-/osram-closing|title=ams announces successful closing of the OSRAM acquisition, aims to create a global leader in sensor solutions and photonics|publisher=Ams AG|date=9 July 2020}}</ref> Since then, the company has operated under the name '''[[AMS Osram]]'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us - ams-osram - ams |url=https://ams-osram.com/about-us |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=ams-osram |language=en-US}}</ref>


The name is derived from ''[[osmium]]'' and ''Wolfram'' (German for [[tungsten]], also used in English). Both elements were commonly used for lighting filaments at the time the company was founded.
After a bidding war<ref>{{Cite news |last=Poltz |first=Jörn |date=2019-08-21 |title=AMS clear to make takeover bid for Osram in potential bidding war |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/business/ams-clear-to-make-takeover-bid-for-osram-in-potential-bidding-war-idUSKCN1VB1C4/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref> with [[Bain Capital]], Osram was taken over by Austrian company [[ams AG|AMS]] in July 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osram-group.com/en/media/press-releases/pr-2019/06-12-2019|title=Osram's Managing Board invites ams to talks about the future|publisher=OSRAM|date=6 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osram-group.com/en/media/press-releases/pr-2019/04-07-2019|title=Osram supports public takeover offer from Bain Capital and The Carlyle Group|publisher=OSRAM|date=4 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ams.com/-/osram-closing|title=ams announces successful closing of the OSRAM acquisition, aims to create a global leader in sensor solutions and photonics|publisher=Ams AG|date=9 July 2020}}</ref> Since then, the company has operated under the name '''[[AMS Osram]]'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us - ams-osram - ams |url=https://ams-osram.com/about-us |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=ams-osram |language=en-US}}</ref> The name is derived from ''[[osmium]]'' and ''Wolfram'', German for [[tungsten]]. Both elements were commonly used for lighting filaments at the time the company was founded.


== History ==
== History ==
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[[File:Osram 1925.JPG|thumb|right|bilingual bond of the Osram company, issued 2 December 1925<ref name=sup>{{cite journal | title = Suppes 94/95 Historische Wertpapiere | journal = Suppes-Katalog für Historische Aktien und Anleihen Historische Wertpapiere; Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz | year = 1994 | publisher = WWA Bernd Suppes | issn=0936-9406 | page = 264}}</ref>]]
[[File:Osram 1925.JPG|thumb|right|bilingual bond of the Osram company, issued 2 December 1925<ref name=sup>{{cite journal | title = Suppes 94/95 Historische Wertpapiere | journal = Suppes-Katalog für Historische Aktien und Anleihen Historische Wertpapiere; Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz | year = 1994 | publisher = WWA Bernd Suppes | issn=0936-9406 | page = 264}}</ref>]]
[[File:OSRAMSylvania.jpg|thumb|OSRAM in Markham, Ontario]]
[[File:OSRAMSylvania.jpg|thumb|OSRAM in Markham, Ontario]]
In 1906, the Osram [[incandescent light bulb|incandescent lamp]] was developed by [[Carl Auer von Welsbach]]. The brand name of Osram was first used in 1906 and registered by the Deutsche Gasglühlicht-Anstalt (also known as Auer-Gesellschaft).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osram.com/osram_com/News/Business_Financial_Press/2006/Press588218.html |title=Anniversary of the trademark on 17 April 2006 |publisher=OSRAM |date=3 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007213106/http://www.osram.com/osram_com/News/Business_Financial_Press/2006/Press588218.html |archive-date=7 October 2010}}</ref>
In 1906, the Osram [[incandescent light bulb|incandescent lamp]] was developed by [[Carl Auer von Welsbach]]. The brand name of Osram was first used in 1906 and registered by the Deutsche Gasglühlicht-Anstalt (also known as Auer-Gesellschaft).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osram.com/osram_com/News/Business_Financial_Press/2006/Press588218.html |title=Anniversary of the trademark on 17 April 2006 |publisher=OSRAM |date=3 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007213106/http://www.osram.com/osram_com/News/Business_Financial_Press/2006/Press588218.html |archive-date=7 October 2010}}</ref>
The British [[General Electric Company plc|General Electric Company]] imported Osram filaments for their own production of light bulbs. In 1919, [[Siemens & Halske|Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske]] and [[AEG|Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft]] (AEG) combined their electric-lamp production with the formation of the company Osram.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/siemens-and-osram.html|title=Shining bright – The interlinked history of Siemens and OSRAM|website=Siemens Historical Institute|language=en|access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref>


Following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, co-founder William Meinhardt and the other Jewish members of the managing board were forced to step down. During the rule of his successor, Hermann Schlüpmann, organisations close to the [[Nazi Party]], such as [[German Labour Front|DAF]], became increasingly influential among the company's workforce.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tschirbs|first=Rudolf|url=https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_fomo_hbs_10.pdf|title=Das Phantom der Volksgemeinschaft: ein kritischer Literatur- und Quellenbericht|publisher=Hans Böckler Stiftung|year=2015|isbn=978-3-86593-201-3|location=Düsseldorf|oclc=908680843}}</ref>{{rp|112–116}} In March 1933, Osram funded {{Reichsmark|40,000|link=yes}} for a [[Secret Meeting of 20 February 1933|secret campaign fund]] of German industrialists in support the Nazi Party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Entries in the Account "National Trusteeship" Found in the Files of the Delbrueck, Schickter Co. Bank|url=https://phdn.org/archives/www.mazal.org/archive/nmt/07/NMT07-T0567.htm|website=NUERNBERG MILITARY TRIBUNAL Volume VII Page 567|publisher=Mazal Library|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>
The British [[General Electric Company plc|General Electric Company]] imported Osram filaments for their own production of light bulbs. In 1919, [[Siemens & Halske|Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske]] and [[AEG (German company)|Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft]] (AEG) combined their electric-lamp production with the formation of the company Osram.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/siemens-and-osram.html|title=Shining bright – The interlinked history of Siemens and OSRAM|website=Siemens Historical Institute|language=en|access-date=2019-06-06|archive-date=5 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605145547/https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/siemens-and-osram.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>


During World War II, Osram used [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] in their plants in Berlin.<ref>{{citation|surname1=Jacobeit, Sigrid|periodical=Jahrbuch für Geschichte|title=OSRAM-Arbeiterinnen. Deutsche und ausländische Frauen in der Kriegsproduktion für den Berliner Glühlampen-Konzern 1939 bis 1945.|volume=35|at=pp.&nbsp;369-388|date=1987|language=de}}</ref> Due to the bombing of Berlin, production was partially relocated to East German cities from 1942 onward. The production of [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]] products, which were classified as important for the war effort, was outsourced to the city of [[Plauen]]. Following arrangements between Osram officials and members of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], two subcamps of [[Flossenbürg concentration camp]] were installed next to the factory site to secure the company's supply of slave labourers.<ref>{{citation|surname1=Katherine Lukat|title=Zwangsarbeit in Plauen im Vogtland: Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen ausländischer Zivilarbeiter, Kriegsgefangener und KZ-Häftlinge im Zweiten Weltkrieg|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=9783412517427|date=2020|language=de|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUTWDwAAQBAJ|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>{{rp|393}} In a subcamp in [[Leitmeritz concentration camp|Leitzmeritz]], prisoners were used to build underground facilities as part of the secret project ''[[Leitmeritz concentration camp#Richard II|Richard II]]'' to secure the production of molybdenum and tungsten during air raids.<ref>{{citation|surname1=Marc Buggeln, Michael Wildt|title=Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus|date=15 October 2014|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=München|at=p.&nbsp;441 |isbn=978-3-486-85884-6 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bn3pBQAAQBAJ |access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>{{rp|362}} At least 4,500 prisoners died in the camp, while Osram never moved into the space due to the course of war.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kárný|first1=Miroslav|date=1993|title=>>Vernichtung durch Arbeit<< in Leitmeritz. Dei SS-Führungsstäbe in der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft|trans-title=[[Extermination through labor]] in Leitmeritz. The SS leadership in the German war economy.|url=https://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PID=PPN884817873_0008%7CLOG_0078|journal=1999: Zeitschrift für Sozialgeschichte des 20. Und 21. Jahrhunderts|issue=4|issn=0930-9977|author-link1=Miroslav Karny|pages=41–42}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1-link=Devin O. Pendas|last1=Pendas|first1=Devin O.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v10yDwAAQBAJ&q=Osram+Leitmeritz&pg=PA491|title=Beyond the Racial State|last2=Roseman|first2=Mark|author2-link=Mark Roseman|author3-link=Richard Wetzell|last3=Wetzell|first3=Richard F.|date=2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-16545-8|page=491|language=en}}</ref>
Following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, co-founder William Meinhardt and the other Jewish members of the managing board were forced to step down. During the rule of his successor, Hermann Schlüpmann, organisations close to the [[Nazi Party]], such as [[German Labour Front|DAF]], became increasingly influential among the company's workforce.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tschirbs |first=Rudolf |url=https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_fomo_hbs_10.pdf |title=Das Phantom der Volksgemeinschaft: ein kritischer Literatur- und Quellenbericht |publisher=Hans Böckler Stiftung |year=2015 |isbn=978-3-86593-201-3 |location=Düsseldorf |oclc=908680843 |access-date=11 May 2020 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108153820/https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_fomo_hbs_10.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|112–116}} In March 1933, Osram funded {{Reichsmark|40,000|link=yes}} for a [[Secret Meeting of 20 February 1933|secret campaign fund]] of German industrialists in support the [[Nazi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Entries in the Account "National Trusteeship" Found in the Files of the Delbrueck, Schickter Co. Bank|url=https://phdn.org/archives/www.mazal.org/archive/nmt/07/NMT07-T0567.htm|website=NUERNBERG MILITARY TRIBUNAL Volume VII Page 567|publisher=Mazal Library|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>


In 1993, [[Osram Sylvania]], a [[North American]] division, was established with the acquisition of [[GTE]]'s [[Osram Sylvania|Sylvania]] lighting division. Osram Sylvania manufactures and markets a wide range of lighting products for homes, business, and vehicles and holds the largest share of the North American lighting market.<ref>{{cite news |last=Steiner |first=Christopher |url=http://members.forbes.com/forbes/2007/0723/052.html |title=Bright Lights, Big Legacy? |work=Forbes |date=7 June 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520200128/http://members.forbes.com/forbes/2007/0723/052.html |archive-date=20 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In fiscal year 2006, the company achieved sales of about 2&nbsp;billion euros, which comprised 43% of total Osram sales.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osram.com/osram_com/About_Us/The_Company/Facts_%26_Figures.html |title=Facts & Figures |publisher=OSRAM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516073224/http://www.osram.com/osram_com/About_Us/The_Company/Facts_%26_Figures.html |archive-date=16 May 2007}}</ref>
During [[World War II]], Osram used [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] in their plants in [[Berlin]].<ref>{{citation|surname1=Jacobeit, Sigrid|periodical=Jahrbuch für Geschichte|title=OSRAM-Arbeiterinnen. Deutsche und ausländische Frauen in der Kriegsproduktion für den Berliner Glühlampen-Konzern 1939 bis 1945.|volume=35|at=pp.&nbsp;369-388|date=1987|language=de}}</ref> Due to the bombing of Berlin, production was partially relocated to eastern German cities from 1942 onward. The production of [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]] products, which were classified as important for the war effort, was outsourced to the city of [[Plauen]]. Following arrangements between Osram officials and members of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], two subcamps of [[Flossenbürg concentration camp]] were installed next to the factory site to secure the company's supply of slave labourers.<ref>{{citation|surname1=Katherine Lukat|title=Zwangsarbeit in Plauen im Vogtland: Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen ausländischer Zivilarbeiter, Kriegsgefangener und KZ-Häftlinge im Zweiten Weltkrieg|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=9783412517427|date=2020|language=de|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUTWDwAAQBAJ|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>{{rp|393}} In a subcamp in [[Leitmeritz concentration camp|Leitzmeritz]], prisoners were used to build underground facilities as part of the secret project ''[[Richard II (factory)|Richard II]]'' to secure the production of molybdenum and tungsten during air raids.<ref>{{citation|surname1=Marc Buggeln, Michael Wildt|title=Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus|date=15 October 2014|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=München|at=p.&nbsp;441 |isbn=978-3-486-85884-6 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bn3pBQAAQBAJ |access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>{{rp|362}} At least 4,500 prisoners died in the camp, while Osram never moved into the space due to the course of war.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kárný|first1=Miroslav|date=1993|title=>>Vernichtung durch Arbeit<< in Leitmeritz. Dei SS-Führungsstäbe in der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft|trans-title=[[Extermination through labor]] in Leitmeritz. The SS leadership in the German war economy.|url=https://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PID=PPN884817873_0008%7CLOG_0078|journal=1999: Zeitschrift für Sozialgeschichte des 20. Und 21. Jahrhunderts|issue=4|issn=0930-9977|author-link1=Miroslav Karny|pages=41–42}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1-link=Devin O. Pendas|last1=Pendas|first1=Devin O.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v10yDwAAQBAJ&q=Osram+Leitmeritz&pg=PA491|title=Beyond the Racial State|last2=Roseman|first2=Mark|author2-link=Mark Roseman|author3-link=Richard Wetzell|last3=Wetzell|first3=Richard F.|date=2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-16545-8|page=491|language=en}}</ref>
In 2019, Osram sold Sylvania to [[Wesco International]], Inc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wesco.investorroom.com/2019-01-16-WESCO-International-Inc-Acquires-OSRAMs-Sylvania-Lighting-Solutions#:~:text=(NYSE%3A%20WCC)%2C%20a,acquire%20certain%20assets%20of%20Sylvania|title = WESCO International, Inc. Acquires OSRAM's Sylvania Lighting Solutions}}</ref>


In 1998, Osram acquired the lamp business of ECE Industries India for $9.55&nbsp;million. In 2009, Osram acquired Traxon Technologies. In 2011, Osram acquired Siteco.
In 1993, [[Osram Sylvania]], a [[North American]] division, was established with the acquisition of [[GTE]]'s [[Osram Sylvania|Sylvania]] lighting division. Osram Sylvania manufactures and markets a wide range of lighting products for homes, business, and vehicles and holds the largest share of the North American lighting market.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steiner |first=Christopher |date=7 June 2007 |title=Bright Lights, Big Legacy? - Forbes.com |url=http://members.forbes.com/forbes/2007/0723/052.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520200128/http://members.forbes.com/forbes/2007/0723/052.html |archive-date=2011-05-20 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=members.forbes.com}}</ref>


On 8 July 2013 [[Siemens]] spun Osram off, and Osram listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
In fiscal year 2006, the company achieved sales of about 2&nbsp;billion euros, which comprised 43% of total Osram sales.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OSRAM |url=http://www.osram.com/osram_com/About_Us/The_Company/Facts_%26_Figures.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516073224/http://www.osram.com/osram_com/About_Us/The_Company/Facts_%26_Figures.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=www.osram.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1998, Osram acquired the lamp business of ECE Industries India for $9.55&nbsp;million. In 2009, Osram acquired Traxon Technologies. In 2011, Osram acquired Siteco. On 8 July 2013 [[Siemens]] spun Osram off, and Osram listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In 2019, Osram sold Sylvania to [[Wesco International]], Inc.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-08-18 |title=Rowabi Lighting |url=https://www.rowabi.com/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |work=www.rowabi.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WESCO International, Inc. Acquires OSRAM's Sylvania Lighting Solutions|url=http://wesco.investorroom.com/2019-01-16-WESCO-International-Inc-Acquires-OSRAMs-Sylvania-Lighting-Solutions|access-date=2025-09-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>


On 3 March 2021, [[ams AG]] announced that the Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement (“DPLTA”) between AMS Offer GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of AMS AG, the parent company of AMS Group, and Osram Licht AG (“Osram”), became effective on that day. The combined company focuses on optical systems and serves the entire value chain including sensing, visualization and illumination, with products ranging from emitters to sensors and software.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ams.com/-/dplta-effective|title=ams Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with OSRAM in force|publisher=Ams AG|date=3 March 2021}}</ref>
On 3 March 2021, [[ams AG]] announced that the Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement (“DPLTA”) between AMS Offer GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of AMS AG, the parent company of AMS Group, and Osram Licht AG (“Osram”), became effective on that day. The combined company focuses on optical systems and serves the entire value chain including sensing, visualization and illumination, with products ranging from emitters to sensors and software.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ams Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with OSRAM in force |url=https://ams.com/-/dplta-effective |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=ams-osram |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Operations==
==Operations==
Osram is a multinational corporation with headquarters in [[Munich]], with around 34,000 employees throughout the world. Osram has operations in over 120 countries.
Osram is a [[multinational corporation]] with headquarters in [[Munich]], with around 34,000 employees throughout the world. Osram has operations in over 120 countries.


In fiscal year 2019, Osram's business model was operationally implemented in three business units: Opto Semiconductors, Automotive and Digital.<ref>https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
In fiscal year 2019, Osram's business model was operationally implemented in three business units: Opto Semiconductors, Automotive and Digital.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019 | url=https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119055045/https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf | archive-date=2022-01-19}}</ref>


===Opto Semiconductors===
===Opto Semiconductors===
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[[File:Osram os.png|thumb|right]]
[[File:Osram os.png|thumb|right]]


The Opto Semiconductors Business Unit provides opto semiconductors, which are crucial elements in lighting, visualization, and sensor technology. Osram Opto Semiconductors offers a wide range of LEDs in the low-power, mid-power, high-power, and ultra-high-power classes that are used in general lighting, automotive, consumer, and industrial applications as well as infrared, laser and optical sensors. The main market for these components are the automotive sector, smartphones, wearables, general lighting, lighting for plants, industrial lighting, and projection.<ref>https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
The Opto Semiconductors Business Unit provides opto semiconductors, which are crucial elements in lighting, visualization, and sensor technology. Osram Opto Semiconductors offers a wide range of LEDs in the low-power, mid-power, high-power, and ultra-high-power classes that are used in general lighting, automotive, consumer, and industrial applications as well as infrared, laser and optical sensors. The main market for these components are the automotive sector, smartphones, wearables, general lighting, lighting for plants, industrial lighting, and projection.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019 | url=https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119055045/https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf | archive-date=2022-01-19}}</ref>


===Automotive===
===Automotive===
Line 70: Line 65:
The Digital Business Unit was established at the start of the fiscal year 2019. It handles all of Osram's business activities that use digital technologies.
The Digital Business Unit was established at the start of the fiscal year 2019. It handles all of Osram's business activities that use digital technologies.


The former Lighting Solutions Business Unit was dissolved at the start of the fiscal year 2019. Traxon's business was incorporated into the new Digital Business Unit. The European luminaire business (Siteco) and the North American luminaire service business are reported as discontinued operations.<ref>https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
The former Lighting Solutions Business Unit was dissolved at the start of the fiscal year 2019. Traxon's business was incorporated into the new Digital Business Unit. The European luminaire business (Siteco) and the North American luminaire service business are reported as discontinued operations.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019 | url=https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119055045/https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf | archive-date=2022-01-19}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


 
{{Commons category|Osram}}


{{Siemens}}
{{Siemens}}
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[[Category:1919 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:1919 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Scientific and Technical Academy Award of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Scientific and Technical Academy Award of Merit]]
[[Category:Companies in the MDAX]]
[[Category:Companies formerly in the MDAX]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:2020 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Corporate spin-offs]]

Latest revision as of 04:04, 29 November 2025


OSRAM Licht AG
IndustrySemiconductor / Photonics
Founded1 July 1919; 107 years ago (1919-07-01) (Berlin[1])
HeadquartersMunich, Germany
Parentams-OSRAM AG (80,3%)[2] (2020–present)
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.ams-osram.com www.osram.com

OSRAM Licht AG is a German company that makes electric lights, headquartered in Munich and Premstätten (Austria). OSRAM positions itself as a high-tech photonics company that is increasingly focusing on sensor technology, visualization and treatment by light.[3] The company serves customers in the consumer, automotive, healthcare and industrial technology sectors. The operating company of OSRAM is OSRAM GmbH.

Osram was founded in 1919 by the merger of the lighting businesses of Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske and Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG). In 1933, Osram donated 40,000 Reichsmarks to the Nazi Party in the 1933 elections..[4] Osram was a wholly owned subsidiary of Siemens AG from 1978 to 2013. On 5 July 2013, Osram was spun off from Siemens, and the listing of its stock began on Frankfurt Stock Exchange on 8 July 2013.[5] Osram's business with conventional light sources was spun off in 2016 under the name Ledvance and sold to a Chinese consortium.[6]

After a bidding war[7] with Bain Capital, Osram was taken over by Austrian company AMS in July 2020.[8][9][10] Since then, the company has operated under the name AMS Osram.[11] The name is derived from osmium and Wolfram, German for tungsten. Both elements were commonly used for lighting filaments at the time the company was founded.

History[edit | edit source]

Osram lamp of 1910, high candlepower type
bilingual bond of the Osram company, issued 2 December 1925[12]
OSRAM in Markham, Ontario

In 1906, the Osram incandescent lamp was developed by Carl Auer von Welsbach. The brand name of Osram was first used in 1906 and registered by the Deutsche Gasglühlicht-Anstalt (also known as Auer-Gesellschaft).[13]

The British General Electric Company imported Osram filaments for their own production of light bulbs. In 1919, Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske and Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) combined their electric-lamp production with the formation of the company Osram.[14]

Following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, co-founder William Meinhardt and the other Jewish members of the managing board were forced to step down. During the rule of his successor, Hermann Schlüpmann, organisations close to the Nazi Party, such as DAF, became increasingly influential among the company's workforce.[15]:112–116 In March 1933, Osram funded Template:Reichsmark for a secret campaign fund of German industrialists in support the Nazi Party.[16]

During World War II, Osram used forced labour in their plants in Berlin.[17] Due to the bombing of Berlin, production was partially relocated to eastern German cities from 1942 onward. The production of molybdenum and tungsten products, which were classified as important for the war effort, was outsourced to the city of Plauen. Following arrangements between Osram officials and members of the SS, two subcamps of Flossenbürg concentration camp were installed next to the factory site to secure the company's supply of slave labourers.[18]:393 In a subcamp in Leitzmeritz, prisoners were used to build underground facilities as part of the secret project Richard II to secure the production of molybdenum and tungsten during air raids.[19]:362 At least 4,500 prisoners died in the camp, while Osram never moved into the space due to the course of war.[20][21]

In 1993, Osram Sylvania, a North American division, was established with the acquisition of GTE's Sylvania lighting division. Osram Sylvania manufactures and markets a wide range of lighting products for homes, business, and vehicles and holds the largest share of the North American lighting market.[22]

In fiscal year 2006, the company achieved sales of about 2 billion euros, which comprised 43% of total Osram sales.[23] In 1998, Osram acquired the lamp business of ECE Industries India for $9.55 million. In 2009, Osram acquired Traxon Technologies. In 2011, Osram acquired Siteco. On 8 July 2013 Siemens spun Osram off, and Osram listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In 2019, Osram sold Sylvania to Wesco International, Inc.[24][25]

On 3 March 2021, ams AG announced that the Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement (“DPLTA”) between AMS Offer GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of AMS AG, the parent company of AMS Group, and Osram Licht AG (“Osram”), became effective on that day. The combined company focuses on optical systems and serves the entire value chain including sensing, visualization and illumination, with products ranging from emitters to sensors and software.[26]

Operations[edit | edit source]

Osram is a multinational corporation with headquarters in Munich, with around 34,000 employees throughout the world. Osram has operations in over 120 countries.

In fiscal year 2019, Osram's business model was operationally implemented in three business units: Opto Semiconductors, Automotive and Digital.[27]

Opto Semiconductors[edit | edit source]

Main article: Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH

The Opto Semiconductors Business Unit provides opto semiconductors, which are crucial elements in lighting, visualization, and sensor technology. Osram Opto Semiconductors offers a wide range of LEDs in the low-power, mid-power, high-power, and ultra-high-power classes that are used in general lighting, automotive, consumer, and industrial applications as well as infrared, laser and optical sensors. The main market for these components are the automotive sector, smartphones, wearables, general lighting, lighting for plants, industrial lighting, and projection.[28]

Automotive[edit | edit source]

The Automotive Business Unit develops and produces lamps; light modules; and sensors for auto makers and their suppliers and the spare parts aftermarket.

Up to the beginning of the fiscal year 2019, the automotive and other areas of business comprised the Specialty Lighting Business Unit. As part of a reorganization and the subsequent renaming of the business unit as AM, these other areas of business have been incorporated into the Digital Business Unit.

Digital[edit | edit source]

The Digital Business Unit was established at the start of the fiscal year 2019. It handles all of Osram's business activities that use digital technologies.

The former Lighting Solutions Business Unit was dissolved at the start of the fiscal year 2019. Traxon's business was incorporated into the new Digital Business Unit. The European luminaire business (Siteco) and the North American luminaire service business are reported as discontinued operations.[29]

In popular culture[edit | edit source]

  • German football manager Jupp Heynckes was nicknamed "Osram" because his face would sometimes redden under the stress of matches.[30]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "100 Jahre OSRAM: Licht hat einen Namen" (PDF). Osram.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  2. ↑ "ams OSRAM announces successful delisting offer and forthcoming delisting of OSRAM shares". ams-osram.com. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  3. ↑ "#TheNewOSRAM - the high-tech photonics company". www.osram-group.com. OSRAM. 25 November 2020.
  4. ↑ The Mazal Library: NMT, Volume VII, pp. 567 (Document NI-391 can be found on pp. 565–568), The Farben Case
  5. ↑ "Osram shares begin trading on the Frankfurt and Munich Stock Exchanges". www.ledsmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  6. ↑ "Ad hoc: Osram finds best owner for lamps business". OSRAM. 25 November 2020.
  7. ↑ Poltz, Jörn (21 August 2019). "AMS clear to make takeover bid for Osram in potential bidding war". Reuters. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  8. ↑ "Osram's Managing Board invites ams to talks about the future". OSRAM. 6 December 2019.
  9. ↑ "Osram supports public takeover offer from Bain Capital and The Carlyle Group". OSRAM. 4 July 2019.
  10. ↑ "ams announces successful closing of the OSRAM acquisition, aims to create a global leader in sensor solutions and photonics". Ams AG. 9 July 2020.
  11. ↑ "About us - ams-osram - ams". ams-osram. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  12. ↑ "Suppes 94/95 Historische Wertpapiere". Suppes-Katalog für Historische Aktien und Anleihen Historische Wertpapiere; Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz. WWA Bernd Suppes: 264. 1994. ISSN 0936-9406.
  13. ↑ "Anniversary of the trademark on 17 April 2006". OSRAM. 3 April 2006. Archived from the original on 7 October 2010.
  14. ↑ "Shining bright – The interlinked history of Siemens and OSRAM". Siemens Historical Institute. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  15. ↑ Tschirbs, Rudolf (2015). Das Phantom der Volksgemeinschaft: ein kritischer Literatur- und Quellenbericht (PDF). Düsseldorf: Hans Böckler Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86593-201-3. OCLC 908680843. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  16. ↑ "Entries in the Account "National Trusteeship" Found in the Files of the Delbrueck, Schickter Co. Bank". NUERNBERG MILITARY TRIBUNAL Volume VII Page 567. Mazal Library. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  17. ↑ Jacobeit, Sigrid (1987), "OSRAM-Arbeiterinnen. Deutsche und ausländische Frauen in der Kriegsproduktion für den Berliner Glühlampen-Konzern 1939 bis 1945.", Jahrbuch für Geschichte (in Deutsch), vol. 35, pp. 369-388
  18. ↑ Katherine Lukat (2020), Zwangsarbeit in Plauen im Vogtland: Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen ausländischer Zivilarbeiter, Kriegsgefangener und KZ-Häftlinge im Zweiten Weltkrieg (in Deutsch), Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, ISBN 9783412517427, retrieved 9 May 2020
  19. ↑ Marc Buggeln, Michael Wildt (15 October 2014), Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus (in Deutsch), München: Walter de Gruyter, p. 441, ISBN 978-3-486-85884-6, retrieved 9 May 2020
  20. ↑ Kárný, Miroslav (1993). ">>Vernichtung durch Arbeit<< in Leitmeritz. Dei SS-Führungsstäbe in der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft" [Extermination through labor in Leitmeritz. The SS leadership in the German war economy.]. 1999: Zeitschrift für Sozialgeschichte des 20. Und 21. Jahrhunderts (4): 41–42. ISSN 0930-9977.
  21. ↑ Pendas, Devin O.; Roseman, Mark; Wetzell, Richard F. (2017). Beyond the Racial State. Cambridge University Press. p. 491. ISBN 978-1-107-16545-8.
  22. ↑ Steiner, Christopher (7 June 2007). "Bright Lights, Big Legacy? - Forbes.com". members.forbes.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  23. ↑ "OSRAM". www.osram.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  24. ↑ "Rowabi Lighting". www.rowabi.com. 18 August 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  25. ↑ "WESCO International, Inc. Acquires OSRAM's Sylvania Lighting Solutions". Retrieved 10 September 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ↑ "Ams Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with OSRAM in force". ams-osram. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  27. ↑ "Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2022.
  28. ↑ "Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2022.
  29. ↑ "Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2022.
  30. ↑ ""Osram" soll Schalke wieder strahlen lassen". Spiegel Online (in Deutsch). 24 June 2003. Retrieved 29 April 2009.


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