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[[File: | {{Short description|Teacher of Samana Gotama before his Enlightenment}} | ||
[[File:075a The Bodhisattva meets with Rudraka Ramaputra (28653674022) (cropped).jpg|thumb|300x300px|[[Gautama Buddha]] meets the ascetic Uddaka Rāmaputta (left) in one of the bas-reliefs recounting the stages leading up to [[bodhi|awakening]], [[Lalitavistara Sūtra#Th Borobudur reliefs|Lalitavistara]], [[Borobudur Temple Compounds]] 8th and 9th century, first corridor, main wall.]] | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | ||
{{Buddhism}} | {{Buddhism}} | ||
'''Uddaka Rāmaputta''' ([[Pāli]]; {{ | '''Uddaka Rāmaputta''' ([[Pāli]]; {{langx|sa|Udraka Rāmaputra}}) was a sage and teacher of meditation identified by the Buddhist tradition as one of the teachers of [[Gautama Buddha]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Keown|first=Damien|author-link=Damien Keown|title=A Dictionary of Buddhism|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=9780198605607}}</ref> 'Rāmaputta' means 'son of Rāma', who may have been his father or spiritual teacher.<ref name=Wynne/> Uddaka Rāmaputta taught refined states of meditation known as the [[Dhyāna in Buddhism|jhāna]] formless attainments (''[[Buddhist cosmology#Formless Realm (Ārūpyadhātu)|arūpa]] [[samāpatti]]'').<ref>{{cite book |last= Armstrong |first= Karen |title= Buddha |year= 2004 |publisher= Penguin Books |location= New York, USA |isbn= 978-0143034360 |page=77}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Eliade |first= Mircea |title= Yoga: Immortality and Freedom |year= 2009 |publisher= Princeton University Press |location= New Jersey, USA |isbn= 978-0691142036 |page= 162}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sumedho|first=Rewata Dhamma. Foreword by Ajahn|title=The first discourse of the Buddha : turning the wheel of Dhamma|year=1998|publisher=Wisdom Publications|location=Boston|isbn=0861711041|pages=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk6T4B2sYK0C&pg=PA}}</ref><ref name=Wynne/> | ||
== Relationship with | == Relationship with Gotama Buddha == | ||
After his [[ | After his [[Gautama Buddha#Departure and ascetic life|departure]] from his father's court, Gotama Buddha first went to [[Āḷāra Kālāma]] and after following his method was recognized as having equalled his master.<ref name=Wynne/> Realizing that the methods he had learned so far would not lead to enlightenment, Gotama chose to leave in search of another teacher rather than accept a position as co-leader of Āḷāra Kālāma's community. He found Uddaka Rāmaputta and accepted him as his teacher. | ||
While | While Āḷāra Kālāma accepted the Buddha as an equal and asked him to lead his community alongside him, Uddaka Rāmaputta acknowledged the Buddha as his superior and equal to his predecessor, Uddaka Rāma, who had actually attained the "[[Dhyāna in Buddhism#The arūpa āyatanas|sphere of neither perception nor non-perception]]" (''{{lang|pi-latn|nevasaññānāsaññāyatana}}''), which Rāmaputta had not reached.<ref name=Wynne/> Uddaka Rāmaputta asked the Buddha to take sole leadership of his students and community, but the Buddha, realizing that this method would not lead to complete enlightenment, was not satisfied. He chose not to stay with Uddaka and resumed his wandering to deepen his search.<ref name=Wynne/> | ||
Following his awakening, the Buddha first thought of Uddaka Rāmaputta as someone who would be able to understand and realize his [[ | Following his [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|awakening]], the Buddha first thought of Uddaka Rāmaputta as someone who would be able to understand and realize his [[Buddhist paths to liberation|Dhamma]], but later learned that Uddaka Rāmaputta had already died by that time.<ref name=dpn>[http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/u/uddaka_raamaputta.htm Dictionary of Pali Names - Uddaka-Rāmaputta]</ref> | ||
== Sources and historicity == | == Sources and historicity == | ||
Several [[Sutra|sutta]]s in the [[Majjhima Nikaya]] contain stories about the Bodhisattva's visits to the two teachers, with the Ariyapariyesana Sutta (MN 26) identified as the likely source of subsequent [[Pali]] versions.<ref name=Wynne/> Parallel stories from several different [[early Buddhist schools]] are preserved in Sanskrit and Chinese, including within the [[Mahāvastu]].<ref name=Wynne/> Other references to Uddaka Rāmaputta are scattered through the four [[Nikaya]]s, with additional mentions in the [[Vinaya]] and the commentaries to the [[Dhammapada]].<ref name=dpn/> | Several [[Sutra|sutta]]s in the [[Majjhima Nikaya]] contain stories about the Bodhisattva's visits to the two teachers, with the Ariyapariyesana Sutta (MN 26) identified as the likely source of subsequent [[Pali]] versions.<ref name=Wynne/> Parallel stories from several different [[early Buddhist schools]] are preserved in Sanskrit and Chinese, including within the [[Mahāvastu]].<ref name=Wynne/> Other references to Uddaka Rāmaputta are scattered through the four [[Nikaya]]s, with additional mentions in the [[Vinaya]] and the commentaries to the [[Dhammapada]].<ref name=dpn/> | ||
While [[Andre Bareau]] argued that both Uddaka Rāmaputta and | While [[Andre Bareau]] argued that both Uddaka Rāmaputta and Āḷāra Kālāma were fictional creations, later scholars have accepted the possibility that they may have been real historical figures.<ref name=Wynne/> The surviving sources all agree in placing Uddaka Rāmaputta in [[Rajagriha]] during the Buddha's lifetime, despite being drawn from different schools' translations.<ref name=Wynne>Wynne, Alexander. “The Historical Authenticity of Early Buddhist Literature: A Critical Evaluation.” Wiener Zeitschrift Für Die Kunde Südasiens / Vienna Journal of South Asian Studies, vol. 49, 2005, pp. 35–70. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24007653. Accessed 13 Apr. 2020.</ref> [[Hsuan Tsang]] also recorded legends in his era that associated Uddaka Rāmaputta with the vicinity of Rajagriha.<ref name=Wynne/> Most traditions have also preserved the distinction between Uddaka Rāmaputta and his father or teacher Uddaka Rāma, but in a few recensions the two figures have been combined.<ref name=Wynne/> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category: | {{DEFAULTSORT:Rāmaputta, Uddaka}} | ||
[[Category:Early Buddhism]] | |||
[[Category:Ancient Indian philosophers]] | |||
[[Category:Indian yoga teachers]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:05, 7 December 2025
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Uddaka Rāmaputta (Pāli; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) was a sage and teacher of meditation identified by the Buddhist tradition as one of the teachers of Gautama Buddha.[1] 'Rāmaputta' means 'son of Rāma', who may have been his father or spiritual teacher.[2] Uddaka Rāmaputta taught refined states of meditation known as the jhāna formless attainments (arūpa samāpatti).[3][4][5][2]
Relationship with Gotama Buddha[edit | edit source]
After his departure from his father's court, Gotama Buddha first went to Āḷāra Kālāma and after following his method was recognized as having equalled his master.[2] Realizing that the methods he had learned so far would not lead to enlightenment, Gotama chose to leave in search of another teacher rather than accept a position as co-leader of Āḷāra Kālāma's community. He found Uddaka Rāmaputta and accepted him as his teacher.
While Āḷāra Kālāma accepted the Buddha as an equal and asked him to lead his community alongside him, Uddaka Rāmaputta acknowledged the Buddha as his superior and equal to his predecessor, Uddaka Rāma, who had actually attained the "sphere of neither perception nor non-perception" (nevasaññānāsaññāyatana), which Rāmaputta had not reached.[2] Uddaka Rāmaputta asked the Buddha to take sole leadership of his students and community, but the Buddha, realizing that this method would not lead to complete enlightenment, was not satisfied. He chose not to stay with Uddaka and resumed his wandering to deepen his search.[2]
Following his awakening, the Buddha first thought of Uddaka Rāmaputta as someone who would be able to understand and realize his Dhamma, but later learned that Uddaka Rāmaputta had already died by that time.[6]
Sources and historicity[edit | edit source]
Several suttas in the Majjhima Nikaya contain stories about the Bodhisattva's visits to the two teachers, with the Ariyapariyesana Sutta (MN 26) identified as the likely source of subsequent Pali versions.[2] Parallel stories from several different early Buddhist schools are preserved in Sanskrit and Chinese, including within the Mahāvastu.[2] Other references to Uddaka Rāmaputta are scattered through the four Nikayas, with additional mentions in the Vinaya and the commentaries to the Dhammapada.[6]
While Andre Bareau argued that both Uddaka Rāmaputta and Āḷāra Kālāma were fictional creations, later scholars have accepted the possibility that they may have been real historical figures.[2] The surviving sources all agree in placing Uddaka Rāmaputta in Rajagriha during the Buddha's lifetime, despite being drawn from different schools' translations.[2] Hsuan Tsang also recorded legends in his era that associated Uddaka Rāmaputta with the vicinity of Rajagriha.[2] Most traditions have also preserved the distinction between Uddaka Rāmaputta and his father or teacher Uddaka Rāma, but in a few recensions the two figures have been combined.[2]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Keown, Damien (2004). A Dictionary of Buddhism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198605607.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Wynne, Alexander. “The Historical Authenticity of Early Buddhist Literature: A Critical Evaluation.” Wiener Zeitschrift Für Die Kunde Südasiens / Vienna Journal of South Asian Studies, vol. 49, 2005, pp. 35–70. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24007653. Accessed 13 Apr. 2020.
- ↑ Armstrong, Karen (2004). Buddha. New York, USA: Penguin Books. p. 77. ISBN 978-0143034360.
- ↑ Eliade, Mircea (2009). Yoga: Immortality and Freedom. New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0691142036.
- ↑ Sumedho, Rewata Dhamma. Foreword by Ajahn (1998). The first discourse of the Buddha : turning the wheel of Dhamma. Boston: Wisdom Publications. p. 3. ISBN 0861711041.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dictionary of Pali Names - Uddaka-Rāmaputta