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| name = Parinayam | | name = Parinayam | ||
| image = Parinayam_movie.jpg | | image = Parinayam_movie.jpg | ||
| caption = VCD cover | |||
| director = [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] | | director = [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] | ||
| producer = G. P. Vijayakumar | | producer = G. P. Vijayakumar | ||
| writer = [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] | | writer = [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] | ||
| starring = [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]]<br> [[ | | starring = [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]]<br>[[Manoj K. Jayan]]<br>[[Vineeth]]<br>[[Nedumudi Venu]]<br>[[Thilakan]] | ||
| music = {{Plainlist| | | music = {{Plainlist| | ||
* '''Songs''': | * '''Songs''': | ||
| Line 13: | Line 14: | ||
* '''Background score''': | * '''Background score''': | ||
* [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] | * [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
| cinematography = [[S. Kumar (cinematographer)|S. Kumar]] | | cinematography = [[S. Kumar (cinematographer)|S. Kumar]] | ||
| editing = M. S. Mani | | editing = M. S. Mani | ||
| distributor = Seven Arts | | distributor = Seven Arts | ||
| released = 27 | | released = {{Film date|1994|01|27|df=yes}} | ||
| country = India | | country = India | ||
| language = [[Malayalam]] | | language = [[Malayalam]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''''Parinayam''''' ( | '''''Parinayam''''' ({{translation}} ''Wedding'') is a [[Malayalam language]] [[Historical drama|period drama]] film, directed by [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] and written by [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]. The key characters are played by [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]], [[Manoj K. Jayan]] and [[Vineeth]]. The film also has a cast of character artists including [[Thilakan]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Sukumari]], [[Jagannatha Varma]], [[Valsala Menon]], [[Bindu Panicker]], [[Bahadoor]], and [[Shanthi Krishna]]. | ||
It won four [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]]s (Best Screenplay, Best Film on Other Social Issues, Best Music Direction and Special Jury Award for Cinematography), | It won four [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]]s (Best Screenplay, Best Film on Other Social Issues, Best Music Direction, and Special Jury Award for Cinematography), as well as several Kerala State Film Awards, and two [[Filmfare Awards South]]. This film deals with the mental and physical agony that a young [[Namboothiri]] widow has to undergo for losing her chastity. ''Parinayam'' is loosely inspired by the life of [[Kuriyedathu Thatri|Kuriyedathu Thathri]] and revolves around [[Smarthavicharam|Smārthavichāram]] — a ritualistic [[Adultery laws|trial for adultery]] practiced among the [[Malayali Brahmin|Brahmins of Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Screenplays for ever|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/screenplays-for-ever/article6449094.ece|agency=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 September 2014}}</ref> It is often regarded as a classic in Malayalam cinema. | ||
==Plot== | ==Plot== | ||
Unnimaya | Unnimaya, a young girl, is married to Palakunnath Namboothiri, a man in his sixties. She is his fourth wife. Unnimaya is an educated girl hailing from Kizhakkedath Mana, a progressive family in Kerala. Due to various social and economic factors, she is compelled to marry Palakunnath Namboothiri, a rich gentleman. Coming from a progressive household, Unnimaya finds it hard to adjust to the severe orthodox practices at her new home. The sudden death of her husband brings her face-to-face with the customary rituals practiced among the Namboothiri community towards widowed women. She realizes that her widowhood makes her almost a shunned individual - one who cannot participate in any celebrations, or even attend any music/dance events or performances. Kunjunni Namboothiri, the elder son of Palakkunath, is the only person who shows compassion and support towards her. Kunjunni is actively involved in reforming the Namboothiri community and is considered a rebel among the orthodox community. Unnimaya meets Madhavan, an upcoming Kathakali artist, and falls in love with him. They share some intimate moments, and later Unnimaya realizes that she is pregnant. The orthodox Namboothiri community is shocked when it learns about her pregnancy and decides to excommunicate her through [[Smarthavicharam]]. A group of senior Namboothiris, under the leadership of Moothedath Bhattathiri, conducts a series of rituals, first to extract the name of the one who impregnated her, and then later, to throw her out of the community. Unnimaya expects Madhavan to come to her aid, but he lacks the courage to rescue her. Realizing that he is a coward and that she cannot expect him to deliver her out of the situation, Unnimaya decides to stand up to the orthodox Namboothiris. She answers their questions with clarity and confidence, angering them further. Ultimately, the decision is made to excommunicate her, and all the necessary rituals are completed. Kunjunni arrives as her savior. He gives her shelter at his home. The progressive Yogakshema Sabha, that he is part of, finds his ways too bohemian and dismisses him from the group. Madhavan, realizing his mistake, arrives to accept Unnimaya, but now she shows him the door, declaring that he is not the father of her unborn child and that the fathers are Arjuna, Bhima, Nala (the heroic characters performed by Madhavan as part of his dance performances). Unnimaya involves herself in social service and becomes a Congress volunteer, deciding to do something for the downtrodden members of the society. | ||
==Cast== | ==Cast== | ||
{{Cast listing| | |||
* [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] as Unnimaya Antharjanam | * [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] as Unnimaya Antharjanam | ||
* [[Manoj K. Jayan]] as Kunjunni | |||
* [[Vineeth]] as Madhavan | * [[Vineeth]] as Madhavan | ||
* [[Ravi Menon]] as Krishnan | * [[Ravi Menon]] as Krishnan | ||
* [[Thilakan]] as Moothedam | * [[Thilakan]] as Moothedam | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
* [[Bindu Panicker]] as cheriya Athemaru | * [[Bindu Panicker]] as cheriya Athemaru | ||
* [[Valsala Menon]] as Valiya Athemaru | * [[Valsala Menon]] as Valiya Athemaru | ||
*Babu Swamy | * Babu Swamy | ||
*Premachandran | * Premachandran | ||
* Sreejaya | * Sreejaya | ||
}} | |||
==Soundtrack== | ==Soundtrack== | ||
| Line 60: | Line 61: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Track !! Song | ! Track !! Song title !! Singer(s) !! [[Raga]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || "Anchu Sharangalum" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Mand (singing style)|Maand]] | | 1 || "Anchu Sharangalum" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Mand (singing style)|Maand]] | ||
| Line 79: | Line 80: | ||
==Awards== | ==Awards== | ||
; [[National Film Awards]] | ; [[National Film Awards]]<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref> | ||
* [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]] - G. P. Vijayakumar | * [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]] - G. P. Vijayakumar | ||
* [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] - [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] | * [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] - [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] | ||
| Line 85: | Line 86: | ||
* [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention]] for Cinematography - S. Kumar | * [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention]] for Cinematography - S. Kumar | ||
; [[Kerala State Film Awards]] | ; [[Kerala State Film Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Film Awards 1994 |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234157/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards3.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Department of Information and Public Relations (Kerala)}}</ref> | ||
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]] - G. P. Vijayakumar | * [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]] - G. P. Vijayakumar | ||
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Screen Play|Best Screenplay]] - | * [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Screen Play|Best Screenplay]] - M. T. Vasudevan Nair | ||
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] - [[K. J. Yesudas]] | * [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] - [[K. J. Yesudas]] | ||
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] - [[K. S. Chithra]] | * [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] - [[K. S. Chithra]] | ||
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Lyrics]] - Yusuf Ali | * [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyricist]] - [[Yusuf Ali Kechery]] | ||
; [[Filmfare Awards South]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=42nd South Filmfare Awards |url=https://archive.org/download/42ndAnnualFilmfaresouthawardsTeluguMalayalamwinners/IMG_20161006_074048%5B1%5D.jpg |publisher=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> | |||
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam|Best Director – Malayalam]] - Hariharan | |||
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam|Best Music Director – Malayalam]] - Bombay Ravi | |||
== | == Controversy == | ||
September 1, 2024, [[Charmila]] and her friend Vishnu alleged [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] asked Charmila for sexual favors during film's audition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/09/01/actor-vishnu-confirms-charmila-allegations-director-hariharan.html|title=Actor Vishnu confirms Charmila's allegations against director Hariharan |publisher=Onmanorama}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | |||
* {{IMDb title|id=0230623}} | |||
{{Hariharan (director)}} | {{Hariharan (director)}} | ||
{{KeralaStateFilmAwardBestFilm}} | {{KeralaStateFilmAwardBestFilm}} | ||
| Line 102: | Line 111: | ||
[[Category:1994 films]] | [[Category:1994 films]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:1994 Malayalam-language films]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Films scored by Ravi]] | ||
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] | [[Category:Films with screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] | ||
[[Category:Films directed by Hariharan]] | [[Category:Films directed by Hariharan]] | ||
[[Category:Indian drama films]] | [[Category:Indian drama films]] | ||
[[Category:Films about widowhood in India]] | [[Category:Films about widowhood in India]] | ||
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]] | |||
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]] | |||
[[Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay National Film Award]] | [[Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay National Film Award]] | ||
[[Category:Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award winners]] | [[Category:Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award winners]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:18, 24 March 2026
| Parinayam | |
|---|---|
 VCD cover | |
| Directed by | Hariharan |
| Produced by | G. P. Vijayakumar |
| Written by | M. T. Vasudevan Nair |
| Starring | Mohini Manoj K. Jayan Vineeth Nedumudi Venu Thilakan |
| Music by |
|
| Cinematography | S. Kumar |
| Edited by | M. S. Mani |
| Distributed by | Seven Arts |
Release date |
|
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |
Parinayam (transl. Wedding) is a Malayalam language period drama film, directed by Hariharan and written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair. The key characters are played by Mohini, Manoj K. Jayan and Vineeth. The film also has a cast of character artists including Thilakan, Nedumudi Venu, Oduvil Unnikrishnan, Jagathy Sreekumar, Sukumari, Jagannatha Varma, Valsala Menon, Bindu Panicker, Bahadoor, and Shanthi Krishna.
It won four National Film Awards (Best Screenplay, Best Film on Other Social Issues, Best Music Direction, and Special Jury Award for Cinematography), as well as several Kerala State Film Awards, and two Filmfare Awards South. This film deals with the mental and physical agony that a young Namboothiri widow has to undergo for losing her chastity. Parinayam is loosely inspired by the life of Kuriyedathu Thathri and revolves around Smārthavichāram — a ritualistic trial for adultery practiced among the Brahmins of Kerala.[1] It is often regarded as a classic in Malayalam cinema.
Plot[edit | edit source]
Unnimaya, a young girl, is married to Palakunnath Namboothiri, a man in his sixties. She is his fourth wife. Unnimaya is an educated girl hailing from Kizhakkedath Mana, a progressive family in Kerala. Due to various social and economic factors, she is compelled to marry Palakunnath Namboothiri, a rich gentleman. Coming from a progressive household, Unnimaya finds it hard to adjust to the severe orthodox practices at her new home. The sudden death of her husband brings her face-to-face with the customary rituals practiced among the Namboothiri community towards widowed women. She realizes that her widowhood makes her almost a shunned individual - one who cannot participate in any celebrations, or even attend any music/dance events or performances. Kunjunni Namboothiri, the elder son of Palakkunath, is the only person who shows compassion and support towards her. Kunjunni is actively involved in reforming the Namboothiri community and is considered a rebel among the orthodox community. Unnimaya meets Madhavan, an upcoming Kathakali artist, and falls in love with him. They share some intimate moments, and later Unnimaya realizes that she is pregnant. The orthodox Namboothiri community is shocked when it learns about her pregnancy and decides to excommunicate her through Smarthavicharam. A group of senior Namboothiris, under the leadership of Moothedath Bhattathiri, conducts a series of rituals, first to extract the name of the one who impregnated her, and then later, to throw her out of the community. Unnimaya expects Madhavan to come to her aid, but he lacks the courage to rescue her. Realizing that he is a coward and that she cannot expect him to deliver her out of the situation, Unnimaya decides to stand up to the orthodox Namboothiris. She answers their questions with clarity and confidence, angering them further. Ultimately, the decision is made to excommunicate her, and all the necessary rituals are completed. Kunjunni arrives as her savior. He gives her shelter at his home. The progressive Yogakshema Sabha, that he is part of, finds his ways too bohemian and dismisses him from the group. Madhavan, realizing his mistake, arrives to accept Unnimaya, but now she shows him the door, declaring that he is not the father of her unborn child and that the fathers are Arjuna, Bhima, Nala (the heroic characters performed by Madhavan as part of his dance performances). Unnimaya involves herself in social service and becomes a Congress volunteer, deciding to do something for the downtrodden members of the society.
Cast[edit | edit source]
- Mohini as Unnimaya Antharjanam
- Manoj K. Jayan as Kunjunni
- Vineeth as Madhavan
- Ravi Menon as Krishnan
- Thilakan as Moothedam
- Nedumudi Venu as Aphan Namboothiri
- Jagathy Sreekumar as Mullassery
- Oduvil Unnikrishnan as Othikkan
- T. P. Madhavan
- Anoop Raja as Vasudevan
- KPAC Premachandran as Thekkumthala Govindan
- Sukumari as Kunjikavu
- Shanthi Krishna as Mathu
- Bahadoor as Kizhakkedam
- Jagannatha Varma as Palakkunnam
- Anila Sreekumar as Nanikutty
- Santhakumari as Madhavan's Mother
- Bindu Panicker as cheriya Athemaru
- Valsala Menon as Valiya Athemaru
- Babu Swamy
- Premachandran
- Sreejaya
Soundtrack[edit | edit source]
The acclaimed soundtrack of this movie was composed by maestro Bombay Ravi for which the acclaimed lyrics were penned by Yusufali Kechery. All the songs of this movie were instant hits.
| Track | Song title | Singer(s) | Raga |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Anchu Sharangalum" | K. J. Yesudas | Maand |
| 2 | "Samaja Sancharini" | K. J. Yesudas | Kambhoji |
| 3 | "Parvanendu Mukhi" | K. S. Chithra, Chorus | Mohanam |
| 4 | "Vaishakha Pournamiyo" | K. S. Chithra | Kalyani |
| 5 | "Shanthakaram" | K. S. Chithra | Anandabhairavi |
| 6 | "Samaja Sancharini" | K. S. Chithra | Kambhoji |
| 7 | "Vaishakha Pournamiyo" | K. J. Yesudas | Kalyani |
Awards[edit | edit source]
- Best Film on Other Social Issues - G. P. Vijayakumar
- Best Screenplay - M. T. Vasudevan Nair
- Best Music Direction - Bombay Ravi
- Special Mention for Cinematography - S. Kumar
- Best Film - G. P. Vijayakumar
- Best Screenplay - M. T. Vasudevan Nair
- Best Male Playback Singer - K. J. Yesudas
- Best Female Playback Singer - K. S. Chithra
- Best Lyricist - Yusuf Ali Kechery
- Best Director – Malayalam - Hariharan
- Best Music Director – Malayalam - Bombay Ravi
Controversy[edit | edit source]
September 1, 2024, Charmila and her friend Vishnu alleged Hariharan asked Charmila for sexual favors during film's audition.[5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Screenplays for ever". The Hindu. 26 September 2014.
- ↑ "42nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ↑ "State Film Awards 1994". Department of Information and Public Relations (Kerala). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ↑ "42nd South Filmfare Awards". Filmfare.
- ↑ "Actor Vishnu confirms Charmila's allegations against director Hariharan". Onmanorama.
