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{{Short description|Sultan of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1422 to 1436}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox royalty|succession=9th | {{Infobox royalty | ||
[[ | | succession = 9th [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani Sultan]] | ||
| name = Ahmed Shah Bahmani I | |||
| title = Wali | |||
| image = Ahmed Shah Al Wali Bahamani.jpg | |||
| predecessor = [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] | |||
| successor = [[‘Alau’d-din Ahmad Shah]] | |||
| reign = 1 October 1422 – 17 April 1436 | |||
| burial_place = [[Bahmani tombs]], [[Bidar]] | |||
| birth_date = {{birth year|1371}} | |||
| death_date = | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Tomb of Sultan Ahmed Shah Al Wali.jpg|thumb|275px|Tomb of Sultan Ahmed Shah Al Wali]] | |||
'''Ahmed Shah Al Wali Bahamani''' was the ruler of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] from 1 October 1422 to 17 April 1436, and was a great patron of arts and culture.<ref name="Urs">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930223210/http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/05/stories/2007030511410400.htm Staff (5 March 2007) "Symbol of communal harmony"] ''The Hindu''</ref> He brought [[Persians|Persian]] [[artisan]]s from [[Iran]], including the metal-worker Abdulla-bin-Kaiser, who was the master of [[Bidriware]], the inlaying of [[zinc alloy]] with silver and gold.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020120/spectrum/travel.htm Nathanael, M. P. (20 January 2002) "The Sunday Tribune: Spectrum: Travel: Bewitched by Bidar"] ''The Tribune'', Chandigarh, India</ref> | |||
== Early life == | |||
Ahmed Shah was the son of [[Daud Shah Bahmani]] and the grandson of [[Alauddin Bahman Shah]]. He was born sometime around 1371. He, along with his brother [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Firuz]], was raised by Muhammad Shah II.{{sfn|Haig|1925|p=386}} The brothers were married to the daughters of Muhammad Shah II. | |||
=== Accession of Firuz and killing of Taghalchin === | |||
After the birth of Ghiyas-ud-din, Muhammad deemed him the successor to the throne. However, Ghiyas-ud-din was [[Blinding (punishment)|blinded]] and imprisoned by a Turkish nobleman, Taghalchin, who installed Shams-ud-din as a puppet ruler. Firuz and Ahmed, marched to Gulbarga and Firuz declared himself the new sultan. | |||
On November 15, 1397, Firuz and Ahmed entered the palace with a few armed men on the pretext of paying their respects to the new king. They overpowered the king as well as Taghalchin, and Firuz ascended the [[Turquoise Throne|turquoise throne]], assuming the title of Taj-ud-din Firuz Shah. | |||
=== During Firuz Shah's reign === | |||
{{Main|Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1398)|Bahamani-Vijayanagara War (1418–1420)|War of the Goldsmith's Daughter}} | |||
After Firuz ascended the throne, he made Ahmad a minister and awarded him the titles of [[Amir al-umara]]. | |||
=== Rebellion against Firuz === | |||
In 1422, Firuz ordered Ahmad to be blinded, in order to secure the succession for his eldest son Hasan Khan.{{Sfn|Haig|1925|p=394}} Ahmad, along with his son Alauddin and his supporters, fled the capital and was pursued by a force of three or four thousand horse, led by Hushyar and Bidar. In the ensuing battle, Ahmad's army defeated the army of Hushyar and Bidar, as they fell back to Gulbarga with Ahmad in pursuit.{{sfn|Haig|1925|p=395}} | |||
As Ahmad laid siege to Gulbarga, Firuz, now extremely ill, was carried to the battlefield. Rumours of his death caused many in his army to defect to Ahmad's camp.{{sfn|Haig|1925|p=395}} The citadel was surrendered and Firuz abdicated in favour of Ahmad. | |||
== Reign == | == Reign == | ||
{{See also|Siege of Vijayanagar}} | |||
Ahmed Shah's, and his empress's, tomb is located in Ashtur village, [[Bidar District]],<ref name="Urs"/><ref>[http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/bidar_eng.htm#1g "Bidar:Tomb of Ahmad Shah Baihmani"] Institute of Oriental Culture Japan</ref> and is the subject of an annual ''urs'', or anniversary of death festival.<ref name="Urs"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050420161506/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/18/stories/2005041804820500.htm Desai, Rishikesh Bahadur (18 April 2005) "A centre for communal harmony comes alive"] ''The Hindu''</ref> | Ahmed Shah's, and his empress's, tomb is located in Ashtur village, [[Bidar District]],<ref name="Urs"/><ref>[http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/bidar_eng.htm#1g "Bidar:Tomb of Ahmad Shah Baihmani"] Institute of Oriental Culture Japan</ref> and is the subject of an annual ''urs'', or anniversary of death festival.<ref name="Urs"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050420161506/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/18/stories/2005041804820500.htm Desai, Rishikesh Bahadur (18 April 2005) "A centre for communal harmony comes alive"] ''The Hindu''</ref> | ||
During the reign of Ahmed Shah, in 1432, the Bahmani capital shifted to Bidar, and [[Bande Nawaz|Khwaja Bandenawaz]] (d. 1422), the most well-known Sufi of the Deccan, is supposed to have been one of the causes for this. The Bahmani kings had close ties with Sufi saints, and Ahmed Shah continued the tradition but he was also considered a saint; the only king to be treated as such by his followers. His tomb in the funerary complex of Ashtur, just outside Bidar, is venerated by Muslims, who consider him to be a wali (friend of God). Ahmed Shah's tomb has well-preserved murals and verses from the Quran. ''Frontline'' | During the reign of Ahmed Shah, in 1432, the Bahmani capital shifted to Bidar, and [[Bande Nawaz|Khwaja Bandenawaz]] (d. 1422), the most well-known Sufi of the Deccan, is supposed to have been one of the causes for this. The Bahmani kings had close ties with Sufi saints, and Ahmed Shah continued the tradition but he was also considered a saint; the only king to be treated as such by his followers. His tomb in the funerary complex of Ashtur, just outside Bidar, is venerated by Muslims, who consider him to be a wali (friend of God). Ahmed Shah's tomb has well-preserved murals and verses from the Quran. ''Frontline'' | ||
Ahmed Shah fought battles against [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]]<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=106–108}}</ref> (1423), [[Warangal]] (1424–1425), [[Malwa]] | Ahmed Shah fought battles against [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]]<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=106–108}}</ref> (1423), [[Warangal]] (1424–1425), [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] (1425–1435), and against [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]] (1425–1435).{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} | ||
== Death == | |||
Ahmad Shah died in 1435{{refn|group=note|The exact date of Ahmad's death is not known. The dates given by the most reliable sources range between February 18 and February 27, 1435.{{sfn|Haig|1925|p=402}}}} and was buried in Bidar. | |||
== Beliefs == | == Beliefs == | ||
He was religiously inclined and fond of [[Sufism|Sufi]] saints.{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=114}} He is referred to by the title [[Wali]].{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=115}} | He was religiously inclined and fond of [[Sufism|Sufi]] saints.{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=114}} He is referred to by the title [[Wali]].{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=115}} | ||
== Issue == | |||
* Alauddin Ahmad Shah | |||
* Mahmud Khan | |||
* Daud Khan | |||
* Muhammad Khan | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
===Notes=== | |||
{{reflist|group=note}} | |||
===Citations=== | ===Citations=== | ||
{{Reflist}} 8. https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/heritage/article25296303.ece | {{Reflist}} 8. https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/heritage/article25296303.ece | ||
===Bibliography=== | ===Bibliography=== | ||
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279710/page/n1|title=Bidar, Its History and Monuments|last=Yazdani|first=Ghulam|year=1947|ref={{sfnref|Yazdani, 1947}}}} | * {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279710/page/n1 |title=Bidar, Its History and Monuments |last=Yazdani |first=Ghulam |year=1947 |ref={{sfnref|Yazdani, 1947}} |author-link=Ghulam Yazdani}} | ||
* {{cite book |last=Haig |first=Wolseley |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46989 |title=The Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2 |date=1925 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |author-link=Wolseley Haig}} | |||
* {{cite book |last=Sherwani |first=Haroon Khan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.68551 |title=The Bahmanis of the Deccan |date=1946 |publisher= |author-link=Haroon Khan Sherwani|location=Hyderabad}} | |||
{{Bahmani Sultanate}} | |||
[[Category:1436 deaths]] | [[Category:1436 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Bahmani | [[Category:Bahmani sultans]] | ||
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] | [[Category:Year of birth unknown]] | ||
{{India-royal-stub}} | {{India-royal-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:02, 30 October 2025
| Ahmed Shah Bahmani I | |
|---|---|
| Wali | |
 | |
| 9th Bahmani Sultan | |
| Reign | 1 October 1422 – 17 April 1436 |
| Predecessor | Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah |
| Successor | ‘Alau’d-din Ahmad Shah |
| Born | 1371 |
| Burial | |
Ahmed Shah Al Wali Bahamani was the ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1 October 1422 to 17 April 1436, and was a great patron of arts and culture.[1] He brought Persian artisans from Iran, including the metal-worker Abdulla-bin-Kaiser, who was the master of Bidriware, the inlaying of zinc alloy with silver and gold.[2]
Early life[edit | edit source]
Ahmed Shah was the son of Daud Shah Bahmani and the grandson of Alauddin Bahman Shah. He was born sometime around 1371. He, along with his brother Firuz, was raised by Muhammad Shah II.[3] The brothers were married to the daughters of Muhammad Shah II.
Accession of Firuz and killing of Taghalchin[edit | edit source]
After the birth of Ghiyas-ud-din, Muhammad deemed him the successor to the throne. However, Ghiyas-ud-din was blinded and imprisoned by a Turkish nobleman, Taghalchin, who installed Shams-ud-din as a puppet ruler. Firuz and Ahmed, marched to Gulbarga and Firuz declared himself the new sultan.
On November 15, 1397, Firuz and Ahmed entered the palace with a few armed men on the pretext of paying their respects to the new king. They overpowered the king as well as Taghalchin, and Firuz ascended the turquoise throne, assuming the title of Taj-ud-din Firuz Shah.
During Firuz Shah's reign[edit | edit source]
After Firuz ascended the throne, he made Ahmad a minister and awarded him the titles of Amir al-umara.
Rebellion against Firuz[edit | edit source]
In 1422, Firuz ordered Ahmad to be blinded, in order to secure the succession for his eldest son Hasan Khan.[4] Ahmad, along with his son Alauddin and his supporters, fled the capital and was pursued by a force of three or four thousand horse, led by Hushyar and Bidar. In the ensuing battle, Ahmad's army defeated the army of Hushyar and Bidar, as they fell back to Gulbarga with Ahmad in pursuit.[5]
As Ahmad laid siege to Gulbarga, Firuz, now extremely ill, was carried to the battlefield. Rumours of his death caused many in his army to defect to Ahmad's camp.[5] The citadel was surrendered and Firuz abdicated in favour of Ahmad.
Reign[edit | edit source]
Ahmed Shah's, and his empress's, tomb is located in Ashtur village, Bidar District,[1][6] and is the subject of an annual urs, or anniversary of death festival.[1][7]
During the reign of Ahmed Shah, in 1432, the Bahmani capital shifted to Bidar, and Khwaja Bandenawaz (d. 1422), the most well-known Sufi of the Deccan, is supposed to have been one of the causes for this. The Bahmani kings had close ties with Sufi saints, and Ahmed Shah continued the tradition but he was also considered a saint; the only king to be treated as such by his followers. His tomb in the funerary complex of Ashtur, just outside Bidar, is venerated by Muslims, who consider him to be a wali (friend of God). Ahmed Shah's tomb has well-preserved murals and verses from the Quran. Frontline
Ahmed Shah fought battles against Vijayanagar[8] (1423), Warangal (1424–1425), Malwa (1425–1435), and against Gujarat (1425–1435).[citation needed]
Death[edit | edit source]
Ahmad Shah died in 1435[note 1] and was buried in Bidar.
Beliefs[edit | edit source]
He was religiously inclined and fond of Sufi saints.[10] He is referred to by the title Wali.[11]
Issue[edit | edit source]
- Alauddin Ahmad Shah
- Mahmud Khan
- Daud Khan
- Muhammad Khan
References[edit | edit source]
Notes[edit | edit source]
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Staff (5 March 2007) "Symbol of communal harmony" The Hindu
- ↑ Nathanael, M. P. (20 January 2002) "The Sunday Tribune: Spectrum: Travel: Bewitched by Bidar" The Tribune, Chandigarh, India
- ↑ Haig 1925, p. 386.
- ↑ Haig 1925, p. 394.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Haig 1925, p. 395.
- ↑ "Bidar:Tomb of Ahmad Shah Baihmani" Institute of Oriental Culture Japan
- ↑ Desai, Rishikesh Bahadur (18 April 2005) "A centre for communal harmony comes alive" The Hindu
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 106–108. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ Haig 1925, p. 402.
- ↑ Yazdani, 1947, pp. 114.
- ↑ Yazdani, 1947, pp. 115.
8. https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/heritage/article25296303.ece
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Yazdani, Ghulam (1947). Bidar, Its History and Monuments.
- Haig, Wolseley (1925). The Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.
- Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1946). The Bahmanis of the Deccan. Hyderabad.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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