Tribal revolts in India before Indian independence: Difference between revisions

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Below is given a chronological record of tribal and peasant revolts in India before independence from British rule in the 1947. The list covers those tribal uprisings that occurred during the period of [[British rule in India]].
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Below is given a chronological record of '''tribal and peasant revolts in India''' before independence from British rule in the 1947. The list covers those tribal uprisings that occurred during the period of [[British rule in India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=R. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WlD2DAAAQBAJ&q=panchet+estate |title=INDIAN TRIBES THROUGH THE AGES |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2198-0 |language=en}}</ref>


==18th century==
==18th century==
*1770-1787 - [[Chakma people|Chakma]] revolt in [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]
1767-1833 - The [[Chuar Rebellion]] was a prolonged tribal uprising against British [[East India Company]] oppression in the [[Jungle Mahals]] region, led by figures like Jagannath Singh Patar, [[Durjan Singh]], [[Rani Shiromani]], [[Madhav Singha Dev]] and [[Ganga Narayan Singh]].<ref>Mishra, Asha; Paty, Chittaranjan Kumar (2010). Tribal Movements in Jharkhand, 1857-2007. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-686-2.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Jagdish Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=veC1AAAAIAAJ |title=The Bhumij Revolt, 1832-33: Ganga Narain's Hangama Or Turmoil |date=1967 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |language=en}}</ref>
*1774-1779: ''Halba Dongar'' by [[Halba (tribe)|Halba]] tribes in [[Bastar state]] against British armies and the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]].
1770-1787 - [[Chakma people|Chakma]] revolt in [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]].
*1778: Revolt of the [[Malto people|Paharia]] Sardars of [[Chota Nagpur States|Chota Nagpur]] against the British
1774-1779 ''Halba Dongar'' by [[Halba (tribe)|Halba]] tribes in [[Bastar state]] against British armies and the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]].
*1784-1785: Uprising of the [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev Koli]] tribes in [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tilka Manjhi]] of [[Santal people|Santal Tribe]]
1778 Revolt of the [[Malto people|Paharia]] Sardars of [[Chota Nagpur States|Chota Nagpur]] against the British.
*1789: Revolt of the Tamar of [[Chota Nagpur Division|Chotanagpur]] against British
1784-1785 Uprising of the [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev Koli]] tribes in [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tilka Manjhi]] of [[Santal people|Santal Tribe]].
*1794-1795: The Tamars revolted again
[[File:Medinipur town, West Midnapore 03.jpg|thumb|Memorial of [[Chuar Rebellion|Chuar rebellion]] at [[Midnapore]]]]
*1798: The revolt of the tribals against the sale of [[Panchet]] estate in Chotanagpur


==19th century==
==19th century==
*1812: The [[Kurichiya|Kurichiyar]] and [[Kurumba (tribe)|Kurumbar]] rebelled in [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]
*1812: The [[Kurichiya]]r and [[Kurumba (tribe)|Kurumbar]] rebelled in [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]].
*1825: [[Jingpo people|Singphos]] attacked and set fire to the British magazine at [[Sadiya]] in Assam
*1822-1824: [[Gurjar|Gurjar tribe]] in the Roorkee-Haridwar-Saharanpur region of the United Provinces under the leadership of Raja Vijay Singh of Kunja Bahadarpur organized an armed rebellion against the British, which was recognized by the British government as a 'Goojar Revolt' of 1824.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grant |first=James |url=http://archive.org/details/cassellsillustra02gran |title=Cassell's illustrated history of India |date=1880 |publisher=London; New York : Cassell, Petter, Galpin |others=University of California Libraries}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=G. r c |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.19839 |title=Historical And Statistical Memoir Of Dehra Doon |date=1874}}</ref>
*1828: [[Jingpo people|Singphos]] Chief attacked Sadiya with 3000 tribal warriors
*1825: [[Jingpo people|Singphos]] attacked and set fire to the British magazine at [[Sadiya]] in Assam.
*1831-1832: [[Kol uprising]] of tribal peoples including the Ho and [[Munda people]] in Chota Nagpur
*1828: [[Jingpo people|Singphos]] Chief attacked Sadiya with 3000 tribal warriors.
*1833: [[Bhumij revolt]] in [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]] under Ganga Narayan Singh
*1831-1832: [[Kol uprising]] of [[Kol people|Kol]] tribals including the [[Ho people|Ho]], [[Oraon people|Oraon]], [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]] and [[Munda people]] in [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chota Nagpur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jha |first=Jagdish Chandra |date=1958 |title=THE KOL RISING OF CHOTANAGPUR (1831-33)—ITS CAUSES |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145239 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=21 |pages=440–446 |jstor=44145239 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>
*1843: [[Singpho people|Singpho]] Chief Nirang Phidu attacked the British garrison and killed several soldiers.
*1843: [[Singpho people|Singpho]] Chief Nirang Phidu attacked the British garrison and killed several soldiers.
*1849: Kadma [[Singpho people|Singpho]] attacked British villages in Assam and was captured
*1849: Kadma [[Singpho people|Singpho]] attacked British villages in Assam and was captured.
*1850: The [[Khond]] tribe revolted in [[Orissa Tributary States]] under leadership of chief Bisoi
*1850: The [[Khond]] tribe revolted in [[Orissa Tributary States]] under leadership of chief Bisoi.
*1855: The [[Santhal rebellion|Santal Hul]] by the Santhal community against the British in [[Rajmahal hills|Rajmahal Hills]] led by Sido and Kanho
*[[Telanga Kharia]] rebelled in [[Chota Nagpur Division|Chotanagpur Division]].
*1857: [[Chero]] and [[Kharwar]] revolt in Chota Nagpur as part of the wider [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 Rebellion]]
*1855-1856: The [[Santhal rebellion|Santal Hul]] by the Santhal community against the British in [[Rajmahal hills|Rajmahal Hills]] led by [[Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu|Sido and Kanho]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8nweAAAAMAAJ |title=Santal Rebellion: Documents |date=1983 |publisher=Subarnarekha |language=en}}</ref>
*1857-1858: The Bhil revolted between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges under the leadership of Bhagoji Naik and Kajar Singh as part of the 1857 rebellion
*1857: [[Chero]] and [[Kharwar]] revolt in Chota Nagpur as part of the wider [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 Rebellion]].
* 1859: The Andamanese in the [[Battle of Aberdeen (Andaman Islands)|Battle of Aberdeen]]
*1857-1858: The [[Bhil]] revolted between the [[Vindhya Range|Vindhya]] and [[Satpura Range|Satpura]] ranges under the leadership of Bhagoji Naik and Kajar Singh as part of the 1857 rebellion.
*1860: The [[Mizo people|Mizo]] raided [[Tripura (princely state)|Tripura state]] and killed 186 British subjects
* 1859: The Andamanese in the [[Battle of Aberdeen (Andaman Islands)|Battle of Aberdeen]].
*1860-1862: The [[Pnar people|Synteng]] revolt in the [[Khasi and Jaintia Hills|Jaintia Hills]] in [[Eastern Bengal and Assam]]
*1860: The [[Mizo people|Mizo]] raided [[Tripura (princely state)|Tripura state]] and killed 186 British subjects.
*1861: The [[Juang people|Juang]] community revolted in Orissa
*1860-1862: The [[Pnar people|Synteng]] revolt in the [[Khasi and Jaintia Hills|Jaintia Hills]] in [[Eastern Bengal and Assam]].
*1862: The [[Koya (Malabar)|Koya]] community revolted in the [[Godavari District|Godavari district]] against ''Muttaders''
*1861: The [[Juang people|Juang]] community revolted in Orissa.
*1869-1870: The Santhals revolted at [[Dhanbad]] against a local monarch. The British mediated to settle dispute
*1862: The [[Koya (Malabar)|Koya]] community revolted in the [[Godavari District|Godavari district]] against ''Muttaders.''
*1879: The [[Naga people|Naga]] revolted in Assam
*1869-1870: The [[Santal people|Santhals]] revolted at [[Dhanbad]] against a local monarch. The British mediated to settle dispute.
*1879: The Koya [[Rampa rebellion of 1879|revolted]] at Malkangiri in the [[Vizagapatam Hill Tracts Agency|Vishakapatnam Hill Tracts Agency]] under leadership of Tammandora
*1879: The [[Naga people|Naga]] revolted in Assam.
*1883: The [[Sentinelese people|Sentinelese]] tribal people of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] in the [[Indian Ocean]] attacked the British
*1879: The Koya [[Rampa rebellion of 1879|revolted]] at Malkangiri in the [[Vizagapatam Hill Tracts Agency|Vishakapatnam Hill Tracts Agency]] under leadership of Tammandora.
*1889: The mass agitation by the Munda against the British in Chota Nagpur
*1883: The [[Sentinelese people|Sentinelese]] tribal people of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] in the [[Indian Ocean]] attacked the British.
*1891: The [[Anglo-Manipur War|Anglo-Manipuri war]] where the British conquered the kingdom of Manipur
*1889: The mass agitation by the [[Munda people|Munda]] against the British in [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chota Nagpur]].
*1892: The Lushai people revolted against the British repeatedly
*1890-1895: The [[Lushai Rising]] saw the Lushai tribes revolting against the British repeatedly. First as the Western Lushai Rising under [[Khalkam]], then a southern Rising under [[Zakapa]] and an Eastern Rising under [[Lalbura]].
*1899-1900: Revolt by the Munda tribal community under leadership of [[Birsa Munda]]
*1891: The [[Anglo-Manipur War|Anglo-Manipuri war]] where the British conquered the kingdom of Manipur.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq21AAAAIAAJ |title=Documents of Anglo-Manipur War, 1891 |date=1991 |publisher=N. Debendra Singh |language=en}}</ref>
*1899-1900: Revolt by the [[Munda people|Munda]] tribal community under leadership of [[Birsa Munda]] (The Ulgulan).<ref>{{Cite book |last=A.K.Dhan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEg1DwAAQBAJ |title=BIRSA MUNDA |date=2017-08-29 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2544-5 |language=en}}</ref>


==20th century==
==20th century==
*1910: [[Bastar rebellion]] in Bastar state of the [[Central Provinces and Berar|Central Provinces of Berar]]
*1910: [[Bastar rebellion]] in Bastar state of the [[Central Provinces and Berar|Central Provinces of Berar]].
*1913-1914: [[Tana Bhagat Movement|Tana Bhagat movement]] in Bihar
*1913-1914: [[Tana Bhagat Movement|Tana Bhagat movement]] in Bihar.
*1913: Revolt of Bhils in the Mangarh Hills of the Aravalli Range
*1917-1919: [[Kuki Rebellion of 1917–1919|Kuki Uprising]] in Manipur against British colonial rule under the leadership of their chieftains called ''haosa.''
*1917-1919: Kuki Uprising in Manipur against British colonial rule under the leadership of their chieftains called ''haosa''
*1922: The [[Koya (tribe)|Koya]] tribal community [[Rampa Rebellion of 1922|revolted]] at in the Godavari Agency against the British under leadership of [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]].
*1920-1921: Tana Bhagat movement happened again
*1932: The [[Naga people|Nagas]] revolted under leadership of 14-year old [[Rani Gaidinliu]] in [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]].
*1922: The Koya tribal community [[Rampa Rebellion of 1922|revolted]] at in the Godavari Agency against the British under leadership of [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]]
*1941: The [[Gondi people|Gond]] and the [[Kolam people|Kolam]] revolted in collaboration against British Government in the Adilabad district of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad state]].
*1932: The Nagas revolted under leadership of 14-year old Rani Gaidinliu in [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]]
*1942-1945: The tribes of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar islands]] revolted against occupation of their islands by Japanese troops during World War II.
*1941: The Gond and the [[Kolam people|Kolam]] revolted in collaboration against British Government in the Adilabad district of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad state]]
 
*1942: Tribal revolt under leadership of Lakshmana Naik at [[Koraput]] in [[Kingdom of Jeypore|Jeypore state]]
==Gallery==
*1942-1945: The tribes of Andaman and Nicobar islands revolted against occupation of their islands by Japanese troops during World War II
<gallery>
File:Tilka_Majhi.jpg|Statue of [[Tilka Majhi]]
File:Telanga Kharia.jpg|[[Telanga Kharia]]
File:Attack by 600 Santhals upon a party of 50 sepoys, 40th regiment native infantry.jpg|An illustration of an engagement during the [[Santhal rebellion]] by ''[[The Illustrated London News]]''
File:Statue of Sidhu and Kanhu in Dinajpur District 01.jpg|Statue of [[Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu|Sidhu and Kanhu]]
File:Anglo-manipur-war-1891.jpeg|[[Anglo-Manipur War]]-1891
File:Birsa Munda, photograph in Roy (1912-72).JPG|[[Birsa Munda]]
File:Veer Jatra Tana Bhagat.jpg|Statue of Jatra Tana Bhagat, [[Tana Bhagat Movement]]
File:Alluri Sita Rama Raju statue.jpg|Statue of [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]]
File:Gaidinliu.jpg|[[Rani Gaidinliu]]
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
*Khan, Ismail. 1986. ''Indian tribe through the ages''. Vikas publishing house, New Delhi.
{{Reflist}}
*Khan, Ismail. 1986-''Indian tribe through the ages''. Vikas publishing house, New Delhi.
*Gautam Bhadra. 1975. "The Kuki (?) Uprising (1917-1919): Its causes and Nature," ''Man in India,'' vol.55,1, pp.&nbsp;10–56
*Gautam Bhadra. 1975. "The Kuki (?) Uprising (1917-1919): Its causes and Nature," ''Man in India,'' vol.55,1, pp.&nbsp;10–56
*Pattnaik .B. K., 2013. Tribal Resistance Movements and the Politics of Development Induced Displacement in Contemporary Orissa, Social Change, Vol. 43(1), pp 53–78
*Pattnaik .B. K., 2013. Tribal Resistance Movements and the Politics of Development Induced Displacement in Contemporary Orissa, Social Change, Vol. 43(1), pp 53–78

Latest revision as of 22:11, 18 October 2025


Below is given a chronological record of tribal and peasant revolts in India before independence from British rule in the 1947. The list covers those tribal uprisings that occurred during the period of British rule in India.[1]

18th century[edit | edit source]

1767-1833 - The Chuar Rebellion was a prolonged tribal uprising against British East India Company oppression in the Jungle Mahals region, led by figures like Jagannath Singh Patar, Durjan Singh, Rani Shiromani, Madhav Singha Dev and Ganga Narayan Singh.[2][3] 1770-1787 - Chakma revolt in Chittagong Hill Tracts. 1774-1779 Halba Dongar by Halba tribes in Bastar state against British armies and the Marathas. 1778 Revolt of the Paharia Sardars of Chota Nagpur against the British. 1784-1785 Uprising of the Mahadev Koli tribes in Maharashtra and Tilka Manjhi of Santal Tribe.

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Memorial of Chuar rebellion at Midnapore

19th century[edit | edit source]

20th century[edit | edit source]

Gallery[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Verma, R. C. INDIAN TRIBES THROUGH THE AGES. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 978-81-230-2198-0.
  2. ↑ Mishra, Asha; Paty, Chittaranjan Kumar (2010). Tribal Movements in Jharkhand, 1857-2007. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-686-2.
  3. ↑ Jha, Jagdish Chandra (1967). The Bhumij Revolt, 1832-33: Ganga Narain's Hangama Or Turmoil. Munshiram Manoharlal.
  4. ↑ Grant, James (1880). Cassell's illustrated history of India. University of California Libraries. London; New York : Cassell, Petter, Galpin.
  5. ↑ Williams, G. r c (1874). Historical And Statistical Memoir Of Dehra Doon.
  6. ↑ Jha, Jagdish Chandra (1958). "THE KOL RISING OF CHOTANAGPUR (1831-33)—ITS CAUSES". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 21: 440–446. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44145239.
  7. ↑ Santal Rebellion: Documents. Subarnarekha. 1983.
  8. ↑ Documents of Anglo-Manipur War, 1891. N. Debendra Singh. 1991.
  9. ↑ A.K.Dhan (2017-08-29). BIRSA MUNDA. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 978-81-230-2544-5.
  • Khan, Ismail. 1986-Indian tribe through the ages. Vikas publishing house, New Delhi.
  • Gautam Bhadra. 1975. "The Kuki (?) Uprising (1917-1919): Its causes and Nature," Man in India, vol.55,1, pp. 10–56
  • Pattnaik .B. K., 2013. Tribal Resistance Movements and the Politics of Development Induced Displacement in Contemporary Orissa, Social Change, Vol. 43(1), pp 53–78
  • Baviskar Amita. (1995). In the belly of the river, tribal conflict over development in the Narmada valley. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Das, Vidhya (2001). Mining bauxite, maiming people, Economic and Political Weekly, 36(28), July 14–20: 2612–14
  • Oliver-Smith Anthony (2001). Displacement, resistance and the critique of development: From the grassroots to the global, Final report prepared for ESCOR R7644 and Research Programme on Development Induced Displacement and Resettlement, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford
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