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{{Short description| | {{Short description|1555 battle between the Mughal and Sur empires}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| conflict = Battle of Sirhind (1555) | | conflict = Battle of Sirhind (1555) | ||
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| map_caption = | | map_caption = | ||
| map_label = | | map_label = | ||
| territory = | | territory = Re-establishment of the [[Mughal Empire]] | ||
| result = Mughal victory | |||
| status = | | status = | ||
| combatant1 = [[Mughal Empire]] | | combatant1 = [[Mughal Empire]] | ||
| combatant2 = [[Suri Empire]] | | combatant2 = [[Suri Empire]] | ||
| commander1 = [[Humayun]]<br>[[Bairam Khan]]<br> | | commander1 = [[Humayun]]<br/>[[Bairam Khan]]<br>Khazir khan | ||
| commander2 = [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] | | commander2 = [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] | ||
| strength1 = | | strength1 = 50,000<ref name="gulbadan">{{cite book|author=Begum, Gulbadan|author-link=Gulbadan Begum|title=The History of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāmah)|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society|year=1902|pages=260}}</ref> | ||
| strength2 = | | strength2 = 80,000<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tate |first=George P. |url=http://archive.org/details/kingdomofafghani00taterich |title=The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch |date=1911 |publisher=Bombay, Calcutta, "Times of India" offices |others=University of California Libraries |pages=22}}</ref> | ||
| strength3 = | | strength3 = | ||
| casualties1 = | | casualties1 = | ||
| Line 35: | Line 31: | ||
| notes = | | notes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Battle of Sirhind''' was fought between the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Suri Empire]] in 1555. | {{Not to be confused with|Battle of Chappar Chiri|Siege of Sirhind|Battle of Sirhind (1764)}} | ||
The '''Battle of Sirhind''' was fought between the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Sur Empire]] in 1555. | |||
==Background== | |||
Humayun had been in exile for 15 years after being forced to flee by [[Sher Shah Suri]], a Pashtun commander who had taken control of the Mughal territories. During his exile, Humayun spent time in Persia where he was exposed to Persian high culture and military technology. This exposure gave him valuable insight into administration, politics, and warfare, which would later serve him well in his quest to reclaim his empire. After defeating his brothers in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, Humayun was able to solidify his hold over the region and return to India, where he successfully recaptured Babur's former capital of Delhi and reestablished the [[Mughal Empire]].{{cn|date=March 2026}} | |||
After the death of [[Islam Shah Suri]], the [[Suri Empire]] had erupted in a civil war where various contenders to the throne fought each other for supremacy. [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] was occupied with his struggle against [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]] when [[Humayun]] mobilized an army from [[Kabul]]. He captured [[Rohtas Fort]] and [[Lahore]] in February 1555. Another detachment of his forces captured [[Dipalpur]], [[Gurdaspur]] and [[Jalandhar]]. Their advanced division proceeded towards [[Sirhind]]. Sikandar sent a force of 30,000 to intercept them but they were defeated by the [[Mughal Army]] in the [[Battle at Machhiwara|Battle of Machhiwara]] and Sirhind was occupied by the Mughals.<ref> Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). The Mughal Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN|81-7276-407-3}}, pp.94-6</ref> | |||
==Battle == | ==Battle == | ||
Sikandar led an army of 80,000 and met the Mughals in battle at [[Sirhind]] on 22 June 1555.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-03-18 |title=Battles for India at Sirhind |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/shooting-straight/battles-for-india-at-sirhind/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Times of India Blog |language=en-US |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330192043/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/shooting-straight/battles-for-india-at-sirhind/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Humayun]] and [[Bairam Khan]] carried out a daring raid in a rainstorm like [[Sher Shah Suri]] had done at the [[Battle of Chausa]] to defeat [[Humayun]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Battle of Sirhind 1555 {{!}} Sikandar Shah Suri {{!}} Humayun {{!}} Mughal⚔️Afghan War | date=3 July 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_KILI-vvVI |language=en |access-date=2022-10-25 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026072903/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_KILI-vvVI&feature=youtu.be |url-status=live }}</ref> Sikander was defeated by the [[Mughal Army]] and was compelled to retreat to the [[Sivalik Hills]] in northeastern [[Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarker |first=Sunil Kumar |title=Himu, the Hindu "Hero" of medieval India : against the background of Afghan-Mughal conflicts |date=1994 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors |isbn=81-7156-483-6 |location=New Delhi |oclc=31010168 }}</ref> The victorious Mughals marched to [[Delhi]], occupied it and reestablished their empire in [[India]].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Sikandar led an army of | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
[[Category:Sur Empire]] | [[Category:Sur Empire]] | ||
[[Category:Fatehgarh Sahib district]] | [[Category:Fatehgarh Sahib district]] | ||
[[Category:16th century in the Mughal Empire]] | |||
<big>8</big><small>. The Battle of Sirhind and the defeat of the Afghans by Khizr Khan Hazara and Humayun are mentioned in the *Tazkira-Humayun and Akbar*, pages 191, 192, and 194.</small> | |||
{{India-battle-stub}} | {{India-battle-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:46, 2 March 2026
| Battle of Sirhind (1555) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Delhi | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Mughal Empire | Suri Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Humayun Bairam Khan Khazir khan | Sikandar Shah Suri | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 50,000[1] | 80,000[2] | ||||||||
The Battle of Sirhind was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Sur Empire in 1555.
Background[edit | edit source]
Humayun had been in exile for 15 years after being forced to flee by Sher Shah Suri, a Pashtun commander who had taken control of the Mughal territories. During his exile, Humayun spent time in Persia where he was exposed to Persian high culture and military technology. This exposure gave him valuable insight into administration, politics, and warfare, which would later serve him well in his quest to reclaim his empire. After defeating his brothers in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, Humayun was able to solidify his hold over the region and return to India, where he successfully recaptured Babur's former capital of Delhi and reestablished the Mughal Empire.[citation needed]
After the death of Islam Shah Suri, the Suri Empire had erupted in a civil war where various contenders to the throne fought each other for supremacy. Sikandar Shah Suri was occupied with his struggle against Ibrahim Shah Suri when Humayun mobilized an army from Kabul. He captured Rohtas Fort and Lahore in February 1555. Another detachment of his forces captured Dipalpur, Gurdaspur and Jalandhar. Their advanced division proceeded towards Sirhind. Sikandar sent a force of 30,000 to intercept them but they were defeated by the Mughal Army in the Battle of Machhiwara and Sirhind was occupied by the Mughals.[3]
Battle[edit | edit source]
Sikandar led an army of 80,000 and met the Mughals in battle at Sirhind on 22 June 1555.[4] Humayun and Bairam Khan carried out a daring raid in a rainstorm like Sher Shah Suri had done at the Battle of Chausa to defeat Humayun.[5] Sikander was defeated by the Mughal Army and was compelled to retreat to the Sivalik Hills in northeastern Punjab.[6] The victorious Mughals marched to Delhi, occupied it and reestablished their empire in India.[4]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Begum, Gulbadan (1902). The History of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāmah). Royal Asiatic Society. p. 260.
- ↑ Tate, George P. (1911). The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch. University of California Libraries. Bombay, Calcutta, "Times of India" offices. p. 22.
- ↑ Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). The Mughal Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN 81-7276-407-3, pp.94-6
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Battles for India at Sirhind". Times of India Blog. 18 March 2018. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
- ↑ Battle of Sirhind 1555 | Sikandar Shah Suri | Humayun | Mughal⚔️Afghan War, 3 July 2022, archived from the original on 26 October 2022, retrieved 25 October 2022
- ↑ Sarker, Sunil Kumar (1994). Himu, the Hindu "Hero" of medieval India : against the background of Afghan-Mughal conflicts. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. ISBN 81-7156-483-6. OCLC 31010168.
8. The Battle of Sirhind and the defeat of the Afghans by Khizr Khan Hazara and Humayun are mentioned in the *Tazkira-Humayun and Akbar*, pages 191, 192, and 194.
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