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{{Short description|British colonial governor}} | {{Short description|British colonial governor}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} | ||
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}} | {{Use British English|date=March 2013}} | ||
'''John Cartier''' (23 May 1733 – 25 January 1802) was a [[ | '''John Cartier''' (23 May 1733 – 25 January 1802) was a [[British people|British]] [[Governors of India|colonial governor]] in [[Company rule in India|India]]. He served as [[Governor of Bengal]] from 1769 to 1772. | ||
== Early career == | == Early career == | ||
Cartier first arrived in India as a writer in the service of the [[British East India Company]].<ref name="buckland">Buckland, 75.</ref> He was expelled from [[Dacca]] in 1756 while serving there as an assistant.<ref name="buckland"/> After fleeing with other fugitives to [[Fulta]], he joined [[Clive of India]] and helped in the retaking of [[Bengal]], for which he was praised by the Court of Directors of the British East India Company.<ref name="buckland"/> Cartier's career accelerated after the [[Battle of Plassey]]. | Cartier first arrived in India as a writer in the service of the [[British East India Company]].<ref name="buckland">Buckland, 75.</ref> He was expelled from [[Dacca]] in 1756 while serving there as an assistant.<ref name="buckland"/> After fleeing with other fugitives to [[Fulta]], he joined [[Clive of India]] and helped in the retaking of [[Bengal]], for which he was praised by the Court of Directors of the British East India Company.<ref name="buckland"/> Cartier's career accelerated after the [[Battle of Plassey]]. In 1761, Cartier became chief of the Dacca factory.<ref name="banglapedia"/> By 1767, he was Second in the [[Calcutta]] Council.<ref name="buckland"/> | ||
== Governor of Bengal == | == Governor of Bengal == | ||
On 26 December 1769 Cartier succeeded [[Harry Verelst (colonial governor)|Harry Verelst]] as Governor of [[Bengal]].<ref name="buckland"/> Cartier was governor at time of the [[Bengal famine of 1770]], during which one-third of the populace died. | On 26 December 1769 Cartier succeeded [[Harry Verelst (colonial governor)|Harry Verelst]] as Governor of [[Bengal]].<ref name="buckland"/> Cartier was governor at time of the [[Bengal famine of 1770]], during which one-third of the populace died. Cartier was blamed for ignoring warnings about the impending disaster<ref name="banglapedia">Islam, ''"Cartier, John"''.</ref> but was able to use a magazine of grain to feed fifteen thousand people every day for some months.<ref name="bernstein">{{Cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Jeremy |date=11 June 2000 |title=''"Dawning of the Raj: The Life and Trials of Warren Hastings"'' – Chapter One |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bernstein-raj.html |access-date=13 November 2007 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> | ||
In response to the crisis, the Court of Directors sent a three-person commission to Bengal to assess the situation. En route, however, the ship carrying the three members foundered at sea.<ref name="malleson">Malleson, pp. 95-96.</ref> The Court of Directors did not send a replacement and recalled Cartier.<ref name="banglapedia"/> [[Warren Hastings]] was selected as his replacement; he took office on 28 April 1772.<ref name="buckland"/> | |||
Cartier died in [[Bedgebury Cross|Bedgbury]], [[Kent]] on 25 January 1802 and was buried at Goudhurst, Kent. | Cartier became a [[High Sheriff of Kent]] in 1789. Unusually the previous incumbent, James Bond, continued from the year before and Cartier served only for the latter part of the year.<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53762 Profile], British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 November 2007.</ref> | ||
Cartier died in [[Bedgebury Cross|Bedgbury]], [[Kent]] on 25 January 1802 and was buried at Goudhurst, Kent. He was eulogized by [[Edmund Burke]] for his government of Bengal.<ref name="buckland"/> His wife Stephana, the daughter of [[Stephen Law (Governor of Bombay)|Stephen Law]], survived him and also died in Bedgbury on 22 August 1825.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ln6gPYTqE8YC&dq=%22john+cartier%22+bengal&pg=PA373 ''The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany'', 1825, p. 373]. Retrieved 15 November 2007.</ref> | |||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{Refbegin}} | {{Refbegin}} | ||
* {{cite book|first=C.|last=Buckland|year=1906|title=''Dictionary of Indian Biography''| editor = Charles Edward Buckland| pages= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_InFTmnS4crYC/page/n87 75]| publisher=Swan Sonnenschein & Co. | * {{cite book|first=C.|last=Buckland|year=1906|title=''Dictionary of Indian Biography''| editor = Charles Edward Buckland| pages= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_InFTmnS4crYC/page/n87 75]| publisher=Swan Sonnenschein & Co.|location=London| url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_InFTmnS4crYC|quote=dictionary biography.}} | ||
*{{cite book|first=George Bruce|last=Malleson|year=1894|title=''Life of Warren Hastings, First Governor-general of India''| pages= 563 pages| publisher=Chapman and Hall | *{{cite book|first=George Bruce|last=Malleson|year=1894|title=''Life of Warren Hastings, First Governor-general of India''| pages= 563 pages| publisher=Chapman and Hall|location=London| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifAEAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22john+cartier%22+bengal&pg=PA95}} | ||
* {{cite book |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |chapter=Cartier, John |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Cartier,_John |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}} | * {{cite book |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |chapter=Cartier, John |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Cartier,_John |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}} | ||
{{Refend}} | {{Refend}} | ||
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[[Category:1802 deaths]] | [[Category:1802 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:British East India Company civil servants]] | [[Category:British East India Company civil servants]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:British governors of Bengal]] | ||
[[Category:18th-century British writers]] | [[Category:18th-century British writers]] | ||
[[Category:High | [[Category:High sheriffs of Kent]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:35, 18 May 2025
John Cartier (23 May 1733 – 25 January 1802) was a British colonial governor in India. He served as Governor of Bengal from 1769 to 1772.
Early career[edit | edit source]
Cartier first arrived in India as a writer in the service of the British East India Company.[1] He was expelled from Dacca in 1756 while serving there as an assistant.[1] After fleeing with other fugitives to Fulta, he joined Clive of India and helped in the retaking of Bengal, for which he was praised by the Court of Directors of the British East India Company.[1] Cartier's career accelerated after the Battle of Plassey. In 1761, Cartier became chief of the Dacca factory.[2] By 1767, he was Second in the Calcutta Council.[1]
Governor of Bengal[edit | edit source]
On 26 December 1769 Cartier succeeded Harry Verelst as Governor of Bengal.[1] Cartier was governor at time of the Bengal famine of 1770, during which one-third of the populace died. Cartier was blamed for ignoring warnings about the impending disaster[2] but was able to use a magazine of grain to feed fifteen thousand people every day for some months.[3]
In response to the crisis, the Court of Directors sent a three-person commission to Bengal to assess the situation. En route, however, the ship carrying the three members foundered at sea.[4] The Court of Directors did not send a replacement and recalled Cartier.[2] Warren Hastings was selected as his replacement; he took office on 28 April 1772.[1]
Cartier became a High Sheriff of Kent in 1789. Unusually the previous incumbent, James Bond, continued from the year before and Cartier served only for the latter part of the year.[5]
Cartier died in Bedgbury, Kent on 25 January 1802 and was buried at Goudhurst, Kent. He was eulogized by Edmund Burke for his government of Bengal.[1] His wife Stephana, the daughter of Stephen Law, survived him and also died in Bedgbury on 22 August 1825.[6]
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Buckland, 75.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Islam, "Cartier, John".
- ↑ Bernstein, Jeremy (11 June 2000). ""Dawning of the Raj: The Life and Trials of Warren Hastings" – Chapter One". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
- ↑ Malleson, pp. 95-96.
- ↑ Profile, British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
- ↑ The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, 1825, p. 373. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
References[edit | edit source]
- Buckland, C. (1906). Charles Edward Buckland (ed.). Dictionary of Indian Biography. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. pp. 75.
dictionary biography.
- Malleson, George Bruce (1894). Life of Warren Hastings, First Governor-general of India. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 563 pages.
- Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Cartier, John". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
| Preceded by Harry Verelst |
Governor of Bengal 1769–1772 |
Succeeded by Warren Hastings |