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{{ | {{Short description|1814 treaty also known as the Convention of London}} | ||
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The '''Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814''' (also known as the '''Convention of London'''; {{ | The '''Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814''' (also known as the '''Convention of London'''; {{langx|nl|Verdrag van Londen}}) was signed by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and the [[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|Netherlands]] in London on 13 August 1814. It was signed by [[Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh|Lord Castlereagh]] on behalf of the British government and [[Hendrik Fagel]] on behalf of the Dutch government. The treaty restored several of the [[Dutch colonies]] occupied by British forces during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], although several others were permanently ceded to Britain. It also included Dutch acknowledgement of British opposition to the [[Atlantic slave trade]] and agreements to improve the [[Low Countries]]' defences.{{sfn|Wright|1950|pp=229–239}} Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]. | ||
==Terms== | |||
===Colonial possessions=== | |||
= | The treaty returned many of the [[Dutch colonies]] Britain occupied during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] to the Netherlands, specifically [[Surinam (Dutch colony)|Surinam]], [[Curaçao]], [[Aruba]], [[Saba (island)|Saba]], [[Sint Eustatius]], [[Sint Maarten]], [[Dutch Bengal]] (with the exception of the district of [[Bernagore]]), [[Dutch Coromandel]], [[Dutch Malacca]] and the [[Dutch East Indies]]. The Dutch agreed to cede several captured colonies to Britain, including the [[Dutch Cape Colony]], [[Dutch Malabar]], [[Dutch Suratte]], [[Demerara]], [[Essequibo (colony)|Essequibo]] and [[Berbice]]. In exchange for the cession of Dutch Malabar, Britain ceded [[Bangka Island]] to the Netherlands. Dutch subjects were granted trading rights in Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice, while Britain agreed to pay an annual fee to the Netherlands in exchange for the cession of Bernagore.{{sfn|Robson|1931|p=198}} | ||
=== | ===Cooperation=== | ||
The treaty also included a declaration issued by the Dutch government on 15 June 1814 noting that [[slave ship]]s were no longer permitted in British-controlled ports. [[William I of the Netherlands]] had issued a royal decree in June 1814 which abolished Dutch involvement in the [[Atlantic slave trade]], and the British and Dutch governments were both in agreement regarding their opposition to the trade.{{sfn|Robson|1931|pp=200–204}} Britain and the Netherlands also agreed to spend £2,000,000 each on improving defences in the [[Low Countries]], while a further set of funds, up to £3,000,000, are mentioned for the "final and satisfactory settlement of the Low Countries in union with Holland."{{sfn|Robson|1931|p=200}}{{sfn|Robson|1931|pp=213–214}}{{sfn|Muller|1935|p=562}} Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]].{{fact|date=January 2026}} | |||
==See also== | |||
* [[Anglo-Dutch Slave Trade Treaty]] | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Anglo-Dutch Slave Trade Treaty | |||
* [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]] | * [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]] | ||
* [[Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–1871]] | |||
== References == | ==References== | ||
=== Footnotes === | ===Footnotes=== | ||
{{reflist|30em}} | {{reflist|30em}} | ||
=== Bibliography === | ===Bibliography=== | ||
{{refbegin}} | {{refbegin}} | ||
*{{cite journal | * {{cite journal|last=Muller|first=H.|date=Dec 1935|title=The Acquisition of Cape Colony by the British|journal=[[The Geographical Journal]]|volume=86|issue=6|pages=561–562|jstor=1786285}} | ||
* {{cite journal|last=Robson|first=W. H.|date=Jun 1931|title=New Light on Lord Castlereagh's Diplomacy|journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]]|volume=3|issue=2|pages=198–218|doi=10.1086/235722|jstor=1871714|s2cid=144543785}} | |||
* {{cite book|last=Worsfold|first=W. B.|date=1897|title=South Africa: a study in colonial administration and development|title-link=:iarchive:southafricastudy00wors|location=London|publisher=[[Methuen & Co.]]|oclc=679893341}} | |||
* {{cite journal|last=Wright|first=H. R. C.|date=1950|title=The Anglo-Dutch Dispute in the East, 1814–1824|journal=[[Economic History Review]]|volume=3|issue=2|pages=229–239|doi=10.2307/2590770|jstor=2590770}} | |||
}} | |||
*{{cite journal | |||
|s2cid = 144543785 | |||
*{{cite book | |||
}} | |||
*{{cite journal | |||
}} | |||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
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[[Category:1814 in the Netherlands]] | [[Category:1814 in the Netherlands]] | ||
[[Category:1814 treaties]] | [[Category:1814 treaties]] | ||
[[Category:August 1814 | [[Category:August 1814]] | ||
[[Category:British rule in Indonesia]] | [[Category:British rule in Indonesia]] | ||
[[Category:Curaçao and Dependencies]] | [[Category:Curaçao and Dependencies]] | ||
[[Category:Dutch conquest of Indonesia]] | [[Category:Dutch conquest of Indonesia]] | ||
[[Category:Dutch East Indies | [[Category:Treaties extended to the Dutch East Indies]] | ||
[[Category:History of Kochi]] | [[Category:History of Kochi]] | ||
[[Category:History of the Dutch Caribbean]] | [[Category:History of the Dutch Caribbean]] | ||
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[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] | [[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] | ||
[[Category:1814 in London]] | [[Category:1814 in London]] | ||
[[Category:Netherlands–United Kingdom relations]] | |||
[[Category:Dutch slave trade]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:06, 19 March 2026
| Type | Bilateral treaty |
|---|---|
| Signed | Template:Date and age |
| Signatories |
|
 Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 at Wikisource | |
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 (also known as the Convention of London; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) was signed by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 13 August 1814. It was signed by Lord Castlereagh on behalf of the British government and Hendrik Fagel on behalf of the Dutch government. The treaty restored several of the Dutch colonies occupied by British forces during the Napoleonic Wars, although several others were permanently ceded to Britain. It also included Dutch acknowledgement of British opposition to the Atlantic slave trade and agreements to improve the Low Countries' defences.[1] Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.
Terms[edit | edit source]
Colonial possessions[edit | edit source]
The treaty returned many of the Dutch colonies Britain occupied during the Napoleonic Wars to the Netherlands, specifically Surinam, Curaçao, Aruba, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, Dutch Bengal (with the exception of the district of Bernagore), Dutch Coromandel, Dutch Malacca and the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch agreed to cede several captured colonies to Britain, including the Dutch Cape Colony, Dutch Malabar, Dutch Suratte, Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice. In exchange for the cession of Dutch Malabar, Britain ceded Bangka Island to the Netherlands. Dutch subjects were granted trading rights in Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice, while Britain agreed to pay an annual fee to the Netherlands in exchange for the cession of Bernagore.[2]
Cooperation[edit | edit source]
The treaty also included a declaration issued by the Dutch government on 15 June 1814 noting that slave ships were no longer permitted in British-controlled ports. William I of the Netherlands had issued a royal decree in June 1814 which abolished Dutch involvement in the Atlantic slave trade, and the British and Dutch governments were both in agreement regarding their opposition to the trade.[3] Britain and the Netherlands also agreed to spend £2,000,000 each on improving defences in the Low Countries, while a further set of funds, up to £3,000,000, are mentioned for the "final and satisfactory settlement of the Low Countries in union with Holland."[4][5][6] Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.[citation needed]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Footnotes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wright 1950, pp. 229–239.
- ↑ Robson 1931, p. 198.
- ↑ Robson 1931, pp. 200–204.
- ↑ Robson 1931, p. 200.
- ↑ Robson 1931, pp. 213–214.
- ↑ Muller 1935, p. 562.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Muller, H. (December 1935). "The Acquisition of Cape Colony by the British". The Geographical Journal. 86 (6): 561–562. JSTOR 1786285.
- Robson, W. H. (June 1931). "New Light on Lord Castlereagh's Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 3 (2): 198–218. doi:10.1086/235722. JSTOR 1871714. S2CID 144543785.
- Worsfold, W. B. (1897). South Africa: a study in colonial administration and development. London: Methuen & Co. OCLC 679893341.
- Wright, H. R. C. (1950). "The Anglo-Dutch Dispute in the East, 1814–1824". Economic History Review. 3 (2): 229–239. doi:10.2307/2590770. JSTOR 2590770.
Template:Political history of South Africa Template:Cape Town