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{{more citations needed|date=November 2013}} | {{more citations needed|date=November 2013}} | ||
{{Infobox political party | {{Infobox political party | ||
| name = People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam | | name = People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam | ||
| native_name = தமிழீழ மக்கள் விடுதலைக் கழகம் | | native_name = தமிழீழ மக்கள் விடுதலைக் கழகம் | ||
| lang1 = Tamil | | lang1 = Tamil | ||
| name_lang1 = | | name_lang1 = | ||
| lang2 = | | lang2 = | ||
| name_lang2 = | | name_lang2 = | ||
| logo = | | logo = | ||
| colorcode = {{party color|People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam}} | | colorcode = {{party color|People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam}} | ||
| leader = [[D. Siddarthan]] | | leader = [[D. Siddarthan]] | ||
| chairperson = | | chairperson = | ||
| president = | | president = | ||
| secretary_general = | | secretary_general = | ||
| founder = [[Uma Maheswaran]] | | founder = [[Uma Maheswaran]] | ||
| leader1_title = | | leader1_title = | ||
| leader1_name = | | leader1_name = | ||
| slogan = | | slogan = | ||
| founded = 1980 | | founded = {{Start date and age|1980}} | ||
| dissolved = | | dissolved = | ||
| merger = | | merger = | ||
| split = [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] | | split = [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] | ||
| predecessor = | | predecessor = | ||
| merged = | | merged = | ||
| successor = | | successor = | ||
| headquarters = 16 Haig Road, Bambalapiya, [[Colombo]] 4 | | headquarters = 16 Haig Road, Bambalapiya, [[Colombo]] 4 | ||
| newspaper = | | newspaper = | ||
| student_wing = | | student_wing = | ||
| youth_wing = | | youth_wing = | ||
| membership_year = | | membership_year = | ||
| membership = | | membership = | ||
| ideology = [[Tamil nationalism]] | | ideology = [[Tamil nationalism]] | ||
| religion = | | religion = | ||
| national = [[Tamil National Alliance]] | | national = [[Democratic Tamil National Alliance]] | ||
| international = | | international = | ||
| european = | | european = | ||
| europarl = | | europarl = | ||
| wing1_title = Electoral wing | | wing1_title = Electoral wing | ||
| wing1 = [[Democratic People's Liberation Front]] | | wing1 = [[Democratic People's Liberation Front]] | ||
| colors = | | colors = | ||
| seats1_title = [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Parliament]] | | seats1_title = [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Parliament]] | ||
| seats1 = {{Composition bar| | | seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|225|{{party color|People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam}}}} | ||
| seats2_title = | | seats2_title = | ||
| seats2 = | | seats2 = | ||
| seats3_title = | | seats3_title = | ||
| seats3 = | | seats3 = | ||
| symbol = Anchor | | symbol = Anchor | ||
| flag = [[File:Bandera del PLOTE (Tàmils).svg|150px]] | | flag = [[File:Bandera del PLOTE (Tàmils).svg|150px]] | ||
| website = | | website = {{url|http://www.plote.org/|plote.org}} | ||
| country = Sri Lanka | | country = Sri Lanka | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam''' (PLOTE) is a former [[Tamil militant]] group that had become a pro-government [[paramilitary]] group and political party. PLOTE's political wing is known as the [[Democratic People's Liberation Front]]. | The '''People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam''' ('''PLOTE''') is a former [[Tamil militant]] group that had become a pro-government [[paramilitary]] group and political party. PLOTE's political wing is known as the [[Democratic People's Liberation Front]]. | ||
==Origins== | ==Origins== | ||
PLOTE was founded in 1980 by an ex-[[surveying|surveyor]] [[Uma Maheswaran]] alias Mukundan, who became its [[general secretary]]. He was the chairman of the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (Tamil Tigers or LTTE) from | PLOTE was founded in 1980 by an ex-[[surveying|surveyor]] [[Uma Maheswaran]] alias Mukundan, who became its [[general secretary]]. He was the chairman of the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (Tamil Tigers or LTTE) from 1977 to 1980. He was trained in [[Lebanon]] and later in [[Syria]] under the [[Palestinian nationalism|Palestinian nationalist]] organization [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]].{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} After a bitter rivalry with [[Velupillai Prabhakaran]], Uma Maheswaran left the LTTE in 1980 and formed PLOTE.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} | ||
==Coup in Maldives== | ==Coup in Maldives== | ||
{{Main|1988 Maldives Coup}} | {{Main|1988 Maldives Coup}} | ||
In late 1988, an attempted coup to overthrow the [[Maumoon Abdul Gayoom]]'s government in Maldives with the help of mercenaries from PLOTE was foiled with assistance from the Indian | In late 1988, an attempted coup to overthrow the [[Maumoon Abdul Gayoom]]'s government in Maldives with the help of mercenaries from PLOTE was foiled with assistance from the Indian | ||
Army and Navy.<ref>{{cite | Army and Navy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE5D6163EF93BA25751C1A96E948260|title=Coup Attempt in Maldives Laid to Tamil Force|first=Barbara |last=Crossette |work=The New York Times |date=18 December 1988 |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> | ||
There have been suggestions that the PLOTE may have been promised one of the small Maldivian islands as a base, possibly for arms shipments. In a | There have been suggestions that the PLOTE may have been promised one of the small Maldivian islands as a base, possibly for arms shipments. In a 2018 interview, Vetrichelvan PLOTE's former representative in New Delhi claims it was Athulathmudali, then Sri Lankan Prime Minister, who instigated PLOTE into such a venture on a promise of some islands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/ta/story/operation-maldive1988/2/1799/|title=Today English Newspaper Update Headlines India- The Sunday Indian Online Magazine — The Sunday Indian|website=thesundayindian.com|access-date=8 April 2018|archive-date=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110036/http://www.thesundayindian.com/ta/story/operation-maldive1988/2/1799/|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
==Conflict with LTTE== | ==Conflict with LTTE== | ||
| Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
==Demise of the organisation== | ==Demise of the organisation== | ||
PLOTE lost its strength and momentum gradually due to continual conflicts with the LTTE. On July 16, 1989, Uma Maheswaran was assassinated in [[Colombo]]. A PLOTE splinter group claimed responsibility, though many{{who|date=November 2013}} still suspect Indian intelligence agency (RAW) involvement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020427122344/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=27 April 2002|title=Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 36: Indians rule the roost|website= | PLOTE lost its strength and momentum gradually due to continual conflicts with the LTTE. On July 16, 1989, Uma Maheswaran was assassinated in [[Colombo]]. A PLOTE splinter group claimed responsibility, though many{{who|date=November 2013}} still suspect Indian intelligence agency (RAW) involvement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020427122344/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=27 April 2002|title=Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 36: Indians rule the roost|website=atimes.com|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> | ||
==Current status== | ==Current status== | ||
| Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
===Paramilitary activities=== | ===Paramilitary activities=== | ||
Some former members of the group also function along with the [[Sri Lankan Army]] as a [[para-military]] group in military activities against the LTTE. | Some former members of the group also function along with the [[Sri Lankan Army]] as a [[para-military]] group in military activities against the LTTE. A prominent former PLOTE and later paramilitary leader Manika Dasan was killed by the LTTE in a [[M18A1 Claymore Antipersonnel Mine|claymore bomb]] attack in the town of [[Vavuniya]].{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} | ||
Another paramilitary leader from the [[Batticlao]] region, Plote Mohan, was killed by LTTE assassins in Colombo in 2004.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} | Another paramilitary leader from the [[Batticlao]] region, Plote Mohan, was killed by LTTE assassins in Colombo in 2004.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} | ||
Involvement in torture documented by Human Rights Watch in a number its reports including in 2008, 2009 <ref>{{cite web |title=Locked Up Without Evidence: Abuses under Sri Lanka's Prevention of Terrorism Act |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/01/29/locked-without-evidence/abuses-under-sri-lankas-prevention-terrorism-act |website=hrw.org |access-date=10 November 2019 |language=en |date=29 January 2018}}</ref> 2010 <ref>{{cite web |title="We Will Teach You a Lesson": Sexual Violence against Tamils by Sri Lankan Security Forces |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/02/26/we-will-teach-you-lesson/sexual-violence-against-tamils-sri-lankan-security-forces |website=Human Rights Watch |access-date=10 November 2019 |language=en |date=26 February 2013}}</ref> | Involvement in torture documented by Human Rights Watch in a number its reports including in 2008, 2009 <ref>{{cite web |title=Locked Up Without Evidence: Abuses under Sri Lanka's Prevention of Terrorism Act |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/01/29/locked-without-evidence/abuses-under-sri-lankas-prevention-terrorism-act |website=hrw.org |access-date=10 November 2019 |language=en |date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507032528/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/01/29/locked-without-evidence/abuses-under-sri-lankas-prevention-terrorism-act |url-status=live }}</ref> 2010 <ref>{{cite web |title="We Will Teach You a Lesson": Sexual Violence against Tamils by Sri Lankan Security Forces |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/02/26/we-will-teach-you-lesson/sexual-violence-against-tamils-sri-lankan-security-forces |website=Human Rights Watch |access-date=10 November 2019 |language=en |date=26 February 2013 |archive-date=26 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726011255/https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/02/26/we-will-teach-you-lesson/sexual-violence-against-tamils-sri-lankan-security-forces |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
A letter to the Pope urged him to take up with the Sri Lankan government, the government's support of paramilitaries such as PLOTE.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Lanka: Letter to Pope Benedict XVI on the Situation In Sri Lanka |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2007/04/16/sri-lanka-letter-pope-benedict-xvi-situation-sri-lanka |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=16 April 2007}}</ref> | A letter to the Pope urged him to take up with the Sri Lankan government, the government's support of paramilitaries such as PLOTE.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Lanka: Letter to Pope Benedict XVI on the Situation In Sri Lanka |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2007/04/16/sri-lanka-letter-pope-benedict-xvi-situation-sri-lanka |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=16 April 2007 |access-date=9 November 2019 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930161156/https://www.hrw.org/news/2007/04/16/sri-lanka-letter-pope-benedict-xvi-situation-sri-lanka |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 99: | Line 99: | ||
[[Category:People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam| ]] | [[Category:People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam| ]] | ||
[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Sri Lanka]] | [[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Sri Lanka]] | ||
[[Category:Political parties established in 1980]] | [[Category:Political parties established in 1980]] | ||
[[Category:1980 establishments in Sri Lanka]] | [[Category:1980 establishments in Sri Lanka]] | ||
[[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]] | [[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]] | ||
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil nationalist parties]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:57, 18 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2013) |
People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam தமிழீழ மக்கள் விடுதலைக் கழகம் | |
|---|---|
| Leader | D. Siddarthan |
| Founder | Uma Maheswaran |
| Founded | 1980 |
| Split from | Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam |
| Headquarters | 16 Haig Road, Bambalapiya, Colombo 4 |
| Electoral wing | Democratic People's Liberation Front |
| Ideology | Tamil nationalism |
| National affiliation | Democratic Tamil National Alliance |
| Parliament | 0 / 225 |
| Election symbol | |
| Anchor | |
| Party flag | |
.svg) | |
| Website | |
| plote.org | |
The People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE) is a former Tamil militant group that had become a pro-government paramilitary group and political party. PLOTE's political wing is known as the Democratic People's Liberation Front.
Origins[edit | edit source]
PLOTE was founded in 1980 by an ex-surveyor Uma Maheswaran alias Mukundan, who became its general secretary. He was the chairman of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers or LTTE) from 1977 to 1980. He was trained in Lebanon and later in Syria under the Palestinian nationalist organization Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.[citation needed] After a bitter rivalry with Velupillai Prabhakaran, Uma Maheswaran left the LTTE in 1980 and formed PLOTE.[citation needed]
Coup in Maldives[edit | edit source]
In late 1988, an attempted coup to overthrow the Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's government in Maldives with the help of mercenaries from PLOTE was foiled with assistance from the Indian Army and Navy.[1]
There have been suggestions that the PLOTE may have been promised one of the small Maldivian islands as a base, possibly for arms shipments. In a 2018 interview, Vetrichelvan PLOTE's former representative in New Delhi claims it was Athulathmudali, then Sri Lankan Prime Minister, who instigated PLOTE into such a venture on a promise of some islands.[2]
Conflict with LTTE[edit | edit source]
| This section does not cite any sources. (January 2021) |
On May 19, 1982, a shootout occurred at about 9:45 p.m. at Pondy Bazaar, Mambalam, Madras between LTTE and PLOTE members. V. Prabhakaran and Raghavan (alias Sivakumar) of the LTTE, armed with revolvers, opened fire on Jotheeswaran and Mukundan (alias Uma Maheswaran) of the PLOTE. In the mid-1970s, both Prabhakaran and Uma Maheswaran were members of the LTTE. During the gunfire, Jotheeswaran sustained bullet injuries both in his right and left thighs. Mukundan was also shot at but escaped unhurt. The accused V. Prabhakaran and Sivakumar were arrested and remanded. Both of them were proclaimed offenders of the Sri Lankan government with a reward on their head of Rs. 5 lakhs each.
On May 25, 1982, Uma Maheswaran was arrested near Gummidipoondi railway station. At the time of arrest, he opened fire with his revolver and another case was registered against him under the Indian Arms Act.
In the meantime, on May 23, 1982 Sivaneswaran (alias Niranjan), an accomplice of Mukundan, was also arrested at Saidapet, Madras and an unlicensed revolver seized from him. All these accused remained in custody until August 5, 1982 when they were released by the orders of the court on conditional bail. The LTTE cadres including their leader V.Pirabhakaran had taken up residence at Mylapore Madras, while the leaders and members of the PLOTE had been staying at Saidapet, Madras.
Demise of the organisation[edit | edit source]
PLOTE lost its strength and momentum gradually due to continual conflicts with the LTTE. On July 16, 1989, Uma Maheswaran was assassinated in Colombo. A PLOTE splinter group claimed responsibility, though many[who?] still suspect Indian intelligence agency (RAW) involvement.[3]
Current status[edit | edit source]
Currently [when?] it is functioning under the leadership of D. Siddarthan and is a pro-government minor political party that is alleged to cooperate with the Sri Lankan military against LTTE sympathizers. The group reportedly has around 1,500 permanent cadres in the north and east.[4] In 2015 it was incorporated into the TNA.
Paramilitary activities[edit | edit source]
Some former members of the group also function along with the Sri Lankan Army as a para-military group in military activities against the LTTE. A prominent former PLOTE and later paramilitary leader Manika Dasan was killed by the LTTE in a claymore bomb attack in the town of Vavuniya.[citation needed]
Another paramilitary leader from the Batticlao region, Plote Mohan, was killed by LTTE assassins in Colombo in 2004.[citation needed]
Involvement in torture documented by Human Rights Watch in a number its reports including in 2008, 2009 [5] 2010 [6]
A letter to the Pope urged him to take up with the Sri Lankan government, the government's support of paramilitaries such as PLOTE.[7]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Crossette, Barbara (18 December 1988). "Coup Attempt in Maldives Laid to Tamil Force". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ↑ "Today English Newspaper Update Headlines India- The Sunday Indian Online Magazine — The Sunday Indian". thesundayindian.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ↑ "Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 36: Indians rule the roost". atimes.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2002. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ↑ "Paramilitary Politics, Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting "Untold Stories: Sri Lanka: Paramilitary Politics". Archived from the original on 2009-04-16. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
- ↑ "Locked Up Without Evidence: Abuses under Sri Lanka's Prevention of Terrorism Act". hrw.org. 29 January 2018. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ↑ ""We Will Teach You a Lesson": Sexual Violence against Tamils by Sri Lankan Security Forces". Human Rights Watch. 26 February 2013. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ↑ "Sri Lanka: Letter to Pope Benedict XVI on the Situation In Sri Lanka". Human Rights Watch. 16 April 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
External links[edit | edit source]
Template:Sri Lankan political parties Template:Sri Lankan Civil War