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{{about|the emperor | {{about|the emperor from the Gurjara Pratihara dynasty|the Pala dynasty emperor|Mahendrapala}} | ||
{{short description| | {{short description|Gurjara-Pratiharan Emperor from 885 to 910}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| succession = | | title = Parameshvara <br> Parama-bhattaraka <br> [[King of Kings|Maharajadhiraja]] <br> [[Kannauj|King of Kanyakubja]] <br> Raghukula-Chudamani | ||
| reign = {{circa|885|910}} | | succession = [[King of Kings ]]of [[Āryāvarta]]<br>King of Kannauj | ||
| predecessor = [[Mihira Bhoja]] | | reign = {{circa|885|910}} | ||
| successor = [[Bhoja II (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] | | predecessor = [[Mihira Bhoja]] | ||
| father = [[Mihira Bhoja]] | | successor = [[Bhoja II (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] | ||
| spouse-type = Consorts | |||
| spouse = Dehanaga-Devi <br> Mahidevi | |||
| issue = [[Bhoja II (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] | |||
| father = [[Mihira Bhoja]] | |||
| mother = Candra-Bhattarika-Devi | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Mahendrapala I''' ( | '''Mahendrapala I''' ([[IAST]]: Mahendrapāla; r. 885 – 910) was the [[Emperor ]]of [[Aryavarta]] (ancient name for India, {{lit|Land of the (Indo-)Aryans}}) and King of Kannauj from 885 until his death in 910 and member of the [[Pratihara dynasty]]. He reigned over a vast empire in northern [[India]]. He is also mentioned on various inscriptions found in present-day Kathiawar, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh by the names ''Mahindrapala'', ''Mahendrayudha'', ''Mahisapaladeva'', and also ''Nirbhayaraja'', ''Nirbhayanarendra'' and ''[[Suryavamsa|Raghukula]]-tilaka'' in the plays of his [[guru]] [[Rajashekhara (Sanskrit poet)|Rajasekhara]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The History of the Gurjara-Pratihāras|author=Baji Nath Puri|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|year=1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=orAJAQAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest|author=Rama Shankar Tripathi|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|year=1989|isbn=978-81-208-0404-3 |page=248 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tnh2QjGhMQC&pg=PA248}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | ||
| title =History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D. | | title =History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D. | ||
| author = Radhey Shyam Chaurasia | | author = Radhey Shyam Chaurasia | ||
| Line 16: | Line 21: | ||
| year =2002 | | year =2002 | ||
| page =208 | | page =208 | ||
| | | isbn = 978-81-269-0027-5 | ||
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=cWmsQQ2smXIC&pg=PA208 | | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=cWmsQQ2smXIC&pg=PA208}}</ref> | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
[[Rajasekhara]] called Mahendrapala as "[[Maharajadhiraja]] of [[Aryavarta]]" ({{lit|King Emperor of Northern India}}) indicating his imperial status in northern India.<ref>{{cite book|quote=Rajasekhara called Mahendrapala as Maharajadhiraja of Aryavarta or King Emperor of Northern India.|author=V.D. Mahajan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7TJlDwAAQBAJ|title=Ancient India|page=489|publisher=S. Chand |isbn=978-93-5253-132-5 }}</ref> | |||
The | Bhoja is thought to have died around A.D. 885, and his son Mahendrapala I succeeded him. The earliest record of Mahendrapala dates to A.D. 893. There is an unclear verse in a work called Rdjatarangvn, that hints he may have lost some land in the Punjab—a territory his father had gained—to a Kashmiri king named Sahkaravarman. Other than that uncertain detail, Mahendrapala kept the large empire he inherited and even pushed its borders further east.<ref name="Majumdar Age of Imperial Kanauj"/> | ||
According to historian R.C. Majumdar, the empire of Mahendrapala I stretched from the Himalayan region in the north to the [[Vindhya|Vindhya range]] in the south, and from the eastern coast to the western sea.<ref name="Majumdar Age of Imperial Kanauj">{{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Age of Imperial Kanauj |year=2009 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |location=Mumbai |isbn= |page=33}}</ref> Earlier it was thought that the greater part of [[Magadha]] and even the parts of [[North Bengal]] had come under the suzerainty of the emperor Mahendrapal I.<ref name="Sen">Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi: Primus Books, {{ISBN|9789380607344}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=21}} However, that theory has been debunked due to the discovery of a Pala king named [[Mahendrapala]] , whose inscriptions were mistakenly attributed to his Gurjara namesake.<ref name="Debala1991">{{cite book | author1=Debala Mitra | author2=Gouriswar Bhattacharya | title=Akṣayanīvī: Essays Presented to Dr. Debala Mitra in Admiration of Her Scholarly Contributions | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hu1tAAAAMAAJ | year=1991 | publisher=Sri Satguru Publications | isbn=978-81-7030-275-9}}</ref> | |||
Mahendrapala’s name appears in several forms, including Mahindrapala and Mahendrayudha, and he was also known by titles such as Nirbhaya-narendra or Nirbhayaraja. His spiritual teacher, Rajaiekhara, was a well-known figure in Indian literature. Although Rajaiekhara's writings do not provide many details about Mahendrapala’s life or character, they clearly celebrate the magnificence of the imperial city of [[Kanauj]].<ref name="Majumdar Age of Imperial Kanauj" /> | |||
{{s-start}} | {{s-start}} | ||
{{succession box | {{succession box | ||
| title = [[Pratihara dynasty|Pratihara Emperor]] | |||
| years = 890–910 | |||
| before = [[Mihira Bhoja]] (835–890) | |||
| after = [[Bhoja II (Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty)|Bhoja II]] (910–913) | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{s-end}} | {{s-end}} | ||
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[[Category:9th-century Indian monarchs]] | [[Category:9th-century Indian monarchs]] | ||
[[Category:910 deaths]] | [[Category:910 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Pratihara | [[Category:Pratihara emperors]] | ||
[[Category:Kings of Kannauj]] | |||
[[Category:People from Kannauj]] | |||
{{India-royal-stub}} | {{India-royal-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:27, 26 March 2026
| Mahendrapala I | |
|---|---|
| Parameshvara Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja King of Kanyakubja Raghukula-Chudamani | |
| King of Kings of Āryāvarta King of Kannauj | |
| Reign | c. 885 – c. 910 |
| Predecessor | Mihira Bhoja |
| Successor | Bhoja II |
| Consorts | Dehanaga-Devi Mahidevi |
| Issue | Bhoja II |
| Father | Mihira Bhoja |
| Mother | Candra-Bhattarika-Devi |
Mahendrapala I (IAST: Mahendrapāla; r. 885 – 910) was the Emperor of Aryavarta (ancient name for India, lit. 'Land of the (Indo-)Aryans') and King of Kannauj from 885 until his death in 910 and member of the Pratihara dynasty. He reigned over a vast empire in northern India. He is also mentioned on various inscriptions found in present-day Kathiawar, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh by the names Mahindrapala, Mahendrayudha, Mahisapaladeva, and also Nirbhayaraja, Nirbhayanarendra and Raghukula-tilaka in the plays of his guru Rajasekhara.[1][2][3]
Reign[edit | edit source]
Rajasekhara called Mahendrapala as "Maharajadhiraja of Aryavarta" (lit. 'King Emperor of Northern India') indicating his imperial status in northern India.[4]
Bhoja is thought to have died around A.D. 885, and his son Mahendrapala I succeeded him. The earliest record of Mahendrapala dates to A.D. 893. There is an unclear verse in a work called Rdjatarangvn, that hints he may have lost some land in the Punjab—a territory his father had gained—to a Kashmiri king named Sahkaravarman. Other than that uncertain detail, Mahendrapala kept the large empire he inherited and even pushed its borders further east.[5]
According to historian R.C. Majumdar, the empire of Mahendrapala I stretched from the Himalayan region in the north to the Vindhya range in the south, and from the eastern coast to the western sea.[5] Earlier it was thought that the greater part of Magadha and even the parts of North Bengal had come under the suzerainty of the emperor Mahendrapal I.[6]Template:Reference page However, that theory has been debunked due to the discovery of a Pala king named Mahendrapala , whose inscriptions were mistakenly attributed to his Gurjara namesake.[7]
Mahendrapala’s name appears in several forms, including Mahindrapala and Mahendrayudha, and he was also known by titles such as Nirbhaya-narendra or Nirbhayaraja. His spiritual teacher, Rajaiekhara, was a well-known figure in Indian literature. Although Rajaiekhara's writings do not provide many details about Mahendrapala’s life or character, they clearly celebrate the magnificence of the imperial city of Kanauj.[5]
| Preceded by Mihira Bhoja (835–890) |
Pratihara Emperor 890–910 |
Succeeded by Bhoja II (910–913) |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Baji Nath Puri (1986). The History of the Gurjara-Pratihāras. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
- ↑ Rama Shankar Tripathi (1989). History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 248. ISBN 978-81-208-0404-3.
- ↑ Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (2002). History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 208. ISBN 978-81-269-0027-5.
- ↑ V.D. Mahajan. Ancient India. S. Chand. p. 489. ISBN 978-93-5253-132-5.
Rajasekhara called Mahendrapala as Maharajadhiraja of Aryavarta or King Emperor of Northern India.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Majumdar, R. C. (2009). The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Age of Imperial Kanauj. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 33.
- ↑ Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi: Primus Books, ISBN 9789380607344
- ↑ Debala Mitra; Gouriswar Bhattacharya (1991). Akṣayanīvī: Essays Presented to Dr. Debala Mitra in Admiration of Her Scholarly Contributions. Sri Satguru Publications. ISBN 978-81-7030-275-9.
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