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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
Line 6: Line 6:
| caption        = Theatrical poster
| caption        = Theatrical poster
| writer        = [[Jandhyala]] (dialogues)
| writer        = [[Jandhyala]] (dialogues)
| story         = K. Viswanath
| story         = K. Viswanath
| screenplay         = K. Viswanath
| screenplay     = K. Viswanath
| starring      = [[Chiranjeevi]]<br />[[Meenakshi Seshadri]]<br />[[Jandhyala]]<br />[[Sarath Babu]]<br />[[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]  
| starring      = [[Chiranjeevi]]<br />[[Meenakshi Seshadri]]
| director      = [[K. Viswanath]]
| director      = [[K. Viswanath]]
| producer      = [[Edida Nageswara Rao]]
| producer      = [[Edida Nageswara Rao]]
Line 21: Line 21:
| country        = India
| country        = India
}}
}}
'''''Aapadbandhavudu''''' ({{Translation|Protector against misfortune}}) is a 1992 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by [[K. Viswanath]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/k-viswanath-brought-dignity-and-grace-to-telugu-cinema/article18205585.ece|title=K Viswanath brought dignity and grace to Telugu cinema|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 April 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Produced by [[Edida Nageswara Rao]]'s [[Poornodaya Movie Creations]], the film stars [[Chiranjeevi]] and [[Meenakshi Seshadri]] while [[Jandhyala]], [[Sharath Babu]] and [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] play supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/AGNB|title=Aapadbandhavudu (1992)|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> It was the third collaboration between actor Chiranjeevi and Viswanath after ''[[Shubhalekha]]'' and ''[[Swayam Krushi]]''. The film won critical acclaim with five state [[Nandi Awards]], including the [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] for Chiranjeevi, and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] for Chiranjeevi. The film was screened at the [[International Film Festival of India]], the [[Asia Pacific Film Festival]], and the [[Annapurna International School of Film and Media|AISFM Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aisfm.edu.in/blog/2014/the-films-of-k-viswanath/|title=The films of K. Viswanath|date=15 February 2014|website=AISFM Blog}}</ref><ref>https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/1808/8/08_chapter%203.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> The film was later dubbed and released into Tamil as ''[[Veera Marudhu]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/37352888|title=A Critique of Star Worship in the Case of Malayalam Actor Dileep's Sexual Abuse Controversy|first=Serene|last=Zachariah|via=www.academia.edu}}</ref>
'''''Aapadbandhavudu''''' ({{Translation|Protector against danger}}) is a 1992 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by [[K. Viswanath]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/k-viswanath-brought-dignity-and-grace-to-telugu-cinema/article18205585.ece|title=K Viswanath brought dignity and grace to Telugu cinema|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 April 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Produced by [[Edida Nageswara Rao]]'s [[Poornodaya Movie Creations]], the film stars [[Chiranjeevi]] and [[Meenakshi Seshadri]] while [[Jandhyala]], [[Sarath Babu]], and [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] play supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/AGNB|title=Aapadbandhavudu (1992)|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> It was the third collaboration between Chiranjeevi and Viswanath following ''[[Subhalekha]]'' (1982) and ''[[Swayamkrushi|Swayam Krushi]]'' (1987). The hospital scenes in the second half of the movie are widely considered to be copied from 1975 movie ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]''.
 
''Aapadbandhavudu'' was an average grosser at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2007 |title=Films Released In 1992 And Their Box Office Success |url=http://www.cinegoer.net/films1992.htm |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=CineGoer.com |archive-date=7 September 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160907235519/http://web.archive.org/web/20160304114054/http://www.cinegoer.net/films1992.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> But, the film won critical acclaim with five state [[Nandi Awards]], including the [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] for Chiranjeevi, and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] for Chiranjeevi. The film was screened at the [[International Film Festival of India]], the [[Asia Pacific Film Festival]], and the [[Annapurna International School of Film and Media|AISFM Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aisfm.edu.in/blog/2014/the-films-of-k-viswanath/|title=The films of K. Viswanath|date=15 February 2014|website=AISFM Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/1808/8/08_chapter%203.pdf|title=Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET|accessdate=30 April 2023}}</ref> The film was later dubbed and released into Tamil as ''Veera Marudhu''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/37352888|title=A Critique of Star Worship in the Case of Malayalam Actor Dileep's Sexual Abuse Controversy|first=Serene|last=Zachariah|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref>


== Plot ==
== Plot ==
Madhava is a loyal friend, servant, and cowherd to Hema and her father. He also performs in the local dramas, in which he portrays [[Shiva]]. Hema's father is a teacher and talented poet. However, since his classical poetry is no longer popular, he cannot find a publisher to print his poems. Even though Hema and Madhava love each other, neither realises this due to the societal divisions of caste and economic class present in their village. Hema is the first to realise her love for him, during a drama where she portrays [[Parvati]], but suppresses her feelings owing to social stigma.


Madhava ([[Chiranjeevi]]) is a loyal friend, servant, and cowherd to Hema ([[Meenakshi Seshadri]]) and her father ([[Jandhyala]]). He also performs in dramas, in which he portrays Lord Shiva. Hema's father is a school teacher and a great poet. However, since his classical poetry is no longer popular, he cannot find a publisher to print his poems. Even though Hema and Madhava love each other, neither realize this due to societal divisions of caste and economic class. Hema is the first to realize her love during a drama where she portrays the role of Lord Shiva's consort but suppresses her feelings owing to societal divisions.
One day, in order to pay for the wedding of Hema's elder sister Lalitha, Madhava sells his cows and gives the money to Hema's father through a family friend, as a loan. When Hema's father hears what he has done, he gives Madhava his manuscripts to have them printed. Madhava goes to town to have them printed; however, when he returns, he sees Hema being taken away to an asylum. He learns about the incidents which led to Hema's current mental state: Hema's brother-in-law's attempted rape and Lalitha's death.


One day, in order to pay for the wedding of Lalita ([[Geetha (actress)|Geeta]]), Hema's elder sister, Madhava sells his cows and gives the money to a family friend to give to Hema's father as a loan. When her father hears what he has done, he gives Madhava his manuscripts. Madhava goes to town to have them printed. When he returns, he sees Hema being taken away to an asylum. He learns that Hema has gone into shock after her brother-in-law tried to rape her and killed Lalitha who tried to stop him.
Madhava pretends to be mentally unstable and is admitted to the same asylum, where he goes through many hardships in order to save Hema. After stopping a guard from attacking her, he is falsely accused of attempted rape and is given shock therapy. He tries many times to help her regain her memory. When she finally does and realizes what he did for her, she wants to marry him after she is safely rescued. However, Madhava objects to her proposal as he is from the lower strata of society. Hema's fiancé Sripathi convinces him to change his mind. Hema and Madhava finally unite.
 
Madhava pretends to be mentally unstable and is admitted to the same asylum, where he goes through many hardships in order to save Hema. After stopping a guard from attacking her, he is falsely accused of attempted rape and is given shock therapy. He tries many times to help her regain her memory. When she finally does and realizes what he did for her, she wants to marry him after she is safely rescued. However, Madhava objects to her proposal as he is from the lower strata of society when Hema's fiancé Sripathi (Sarath Babu) convinces him to change his mind. Hema and Madhava finally unite.


== Cast ==
== Cast ==
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Chiranjeevi]] as Madhava
|-
* [[Meenakshi Seshadri]] as Hema
! Actor !!
* [[Jandhyala]] as Teacher (Hema and Lalitha's father)
|-
* [[Sarath Babu]] as Sripati
| [[Chiranjeevi]] || Madhava
* [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Lalita
|-
* [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Sripati's father
| [[Meenakshi Seshadri]] || Hema
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Madhava's friend
|-
* [[Nirmalamma]] as Brahmanandam's grandmother
| [[Jandhyala]] || School Teacher (Hema's & Lalitha's father)
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Village President
|-
* [[Vijayachander]] as Baba
| [[Sarath Babu]] || Sripati
* Silpa as Mental Asylum Nurse
|-
* [[Kalpana Rai]] as Mental Asylum Nurse
| [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] || Sripati's father
* [[Suthi Velu]] as Mental Asylum Patient
|-
* [[Prasad Babu]] as Mental Asylum Guard
| [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] || Lalita
* [[Mukku Raju]] as Dancer (cameo appearance)
|-
| [[Brahmanandam]] || Madhava's friend
|-
| [[Nirmalamma]] || Brahmanandam's grandmother
|-
| [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] ||President of the village
|-
| Silpa || Nurse in a mental asylum
|-
| [[Kalpana Rai]] || Nurse in mental asylum
|-
| [[Suthi Velu]] || A patient in mental asylum
|-
| [[Vijayachander]] || Baba
|-
| [[Prasad Babu]] || Guard in a mental asylum
|-
| [[Mukku Raju]] || Cameo appearance as a dancer
|}


== Soundtrack ==
== Soundtrack ==
Line 83: Line 65:
| label      = [[Lahari Music]]
| label      = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer  =  
| producer  =  
| prev_title = [[Allari Mogudu]]
| prev_title = [[Sundarakanda (1992 film)|Sundarakanda]]
| prev_year  = 1992
| prev_year  = 1992
| next_title = [[Mr. Pellam]]
| next_title = [[President Gari Pellam]]
| next_year  = 1993
| next_year  = 1992
}}
}}
All songs are composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]] and audio is owned by Lahari Music.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/apathbhandavudu/QbkdRGGuTbA_|title=Apathbhandavudu|date=4 January 1992|via=www.jiosaavn.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/apathbhandavudu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1161145042|title=Apathbhandavudu|date=31 August 2014|via=music.apple.com}}</ref>
All songs are composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]] and audio is owned by Lahari Music.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/apathbhandavudu/QbkdRGGuTbA_|title=Apathbhandavudu|date=4 January 1992|via=www.jiosaavn.com|access-date=9 November 2020|archive-date=26 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326035543/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/apathbhandavudu/QbkdRGGuTbA_|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/apathbhandavudu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1161145042|title=Apathbhandavudu|date=31 August 2014|via=music.apple.com}}</ref>
{{Track listing
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| collapsed =  
| headline =
| headline =  
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 26:31
| total_length = 26:31
| all_writing =
| all_writing =  
| all_lyrics =
| all_lyrics =  
| all_music =  
| all_music =  
| writing_credits =
| writing_credits =  
| lyrics_credits =  
| lyrics_credits =  
| music_credits =
| music_credits =  
| title1 = Odiyappa
| title1 = Odiyappa
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 3:55
| length1 = 3:55
| title2 = Oura Ammaka Chella
| title2 = Aura Ammaka Chella
| lyrics2 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| lyrics2 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 = 5:45
| length2 = 5:45
| title3 = Chukkallara (Female Version)
| title3 = Chukkallara (Female Version)
| lyrics3 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| lyrics3 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra3 = K. S. Chithra
| extra3 = K. S. Chithra
| length3 = 2:40
| length3 = 2:40
| title4 = Chukkallara (Duet)
| title4 = Chukkallara (Duet)
| lyrics4 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| lyrics4 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length4 = 4:53
| length4 = 4:53
| title5 = Puvvunavve Guvvanavve
| title5 = Puvvunavve Guvvanavve
| lyrics5 = [[C. Narayana Reddy]]
| lyrics5 = [[C. Narayana Reddy]]
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length5 = 5:06
| length5 = 5:06
| title6 = Athala Vithala
| title6 = Athala Vithala
| lyrics6 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| lyrics6 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length6 = 2:12
| length6 = 2:12
| title7 = Parameshwaruni
| title7 = Parameswaruni
| lyrics7 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| lyrics7 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra7 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| extra7 = K. S. Chithra
| length7 = 2:00
| length7 = 2:00
}}
}}
Line 133: Line 115:
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Third Best Feature Film - Bronze]] – Edida Nageswara Rao
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Third Best Feature Film - Bronze]] – Edida Nageswara Rao
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] – [[Chiranjeevi]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] – Chiranjeevi
* [[Nandi Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]] – Jandhyala
* [[Nandi Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]] – Jandhyala
* [[Nandi Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]] – B. Chalam & Arun D Ghodgavnkar
* [[Nandi Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]] – B. Chalam & Arun D Ghodgavnkar
Line 139: Line 121:


;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] – Chiranjeevi <ref>https://archive.org/download/40thFilmfareSouthBestActorActress/40th%20Filmfare%20South%20Best%20Actor%20Actress.jpg {{Bare URL image|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>https://archive.org/download/40thFilmfareSouthBestActorActressFilmsLifetimeMusicDirector/40th%20filmfare%20south%20best%20actor%20actress%20films%20lifetime%20music%20director.jpg {{Bare URL image|date=March 2022}}</ref>
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] – Chiranjeevi <ref>[https://archive.org/download/40thFilmfareSouthBestActorActress/40th%20Filmfare%20South%20Best%20Actor%20Actress.jpg Best actor/actress] archive.org</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/download/40thFilmfareSouthBestActorActressFilmsLifetimeMusicDirector/40th%20filmfare%20south%20best%20actor%20actress%20films%20lifetime%20music%20director.jpg Music director] archive.org</ref>
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu]] – [[K. Viswanath]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu]] – [[K. Viswanath]]
* Nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]] - Meenakshi Sheshadri


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 149: Line 132:
{{Kasinathuni Viswanath}}
{{Kasinathuni Viswanath}}
{{Jandhyala Subramanya Sastry}}
{{Jandhyala Subramanya Sastry}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aapadbandhavudu}}
[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Viswanath]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Viswanath]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1992 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
Line 163: Line 146:
[[Category:Films about depression]]
[[Category:Films about depression]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Psychiatry in fiction]]
[[Category:Fiction about psychiatry]]

Latest revision as of 23:46, 3 March 2026

Aapadbandhavudu
Theatrical poster
Directed byK. Viswanath
Produced byEdida Nageswara Rao
Written byJandhyala (dialogues)
Screenplay byK. Viswanath
Story byK. Viswanath
StarringChiranjeevi
Meenakshi Seshadri
Music byM. M. Keeravani
CinematographyA. Vincent
Ajayan Vincent
Edited byG. G. Krishna Rao
Production
company
Distributed byPoornodaya Movie Creations
Release date
  • 9 October 1992 (1992-10-09)
CountryIndia
LanguageTelugu

Aapadbandhavudu (transl. Protector against danger) is a 1992 Indian Telugu-language drama film written and directed by K. Viswanath.[1] Produced by Edida Nageswara Rao's Poornodaya Movie Creations, the film stars Chiranjeevi and Meenakshi Seshadri while Jandhyala, Sarath Babu, and Geetha play supporting roles.[2] It was the third collaboration between Chiranjeevi and Viswanath following Subhalekha (1982) and Swayam Krushi (1987). The hospital scenes in the second half of the movie are widely considered to be copied from 1975 movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.

Aapadbandhavudu was an average grosser at the box office.[3] But, the film won critical acclaim with five state Nandi Awards, including the Nandi Award for Best Actor for Chiranjeevi, and the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu for Chiranjeevi. The film was screened at the International Film Festival of India, the Asia Pacific Film Festival, and the AISFM Film Festival.[4][5] The film was later dubbed and released into Tamil as Veera Marudhu.[6]

Plot[edit | edit source]

Madhava is a loyal friend, servant, and cowherd to Hema and her father. He also performs in the local dramas, in which he portrays Shiva. Hema's father is a teacher and talented poet. However, since his classical poetry is no longer popular, he cannot find a publisher to print his poems. Even though Hema and Madhava love each other, neither realises this due to the societal divisions of caste and economic class present in their village. Hema is the first to realise her love for him, during a drama where she portrays Parvati, but suppresses her feelings owing to social stigma.

One day, in order to pay for the wedding of Hema's elder sister Lalitha, Madhava sells his cows and gives the money to Hema's father through a family friend, as a loan. When Hema's father hears what he has done, he gives Madhava his manuscripts to have them printed. Madhava goes to town to have them printed; however, when he returns, he sees Hema being taken away to an asylum. He learns about the incidents which led to Hema's current mental state: Hema's brother-in-law's attempted rape and Lalitha's death.

Madhava pretends to be mentally unstable and is admitted to the same asylum, where he goes through many hardships in order to save Hema. After stopping a guard from attacking her, he is falsely accused of attempted rape and is given shock therapy. He tries many times to help her regain her memory. When she finally does and realizes what he did for her, she wants to marry him after she is safely rescued. However, Madhava objects to her proposal as he is from the lower strata of society. Hema's fiancé Sripathi convinces him to change his mind. Hema and Madhava finally unite.

Cast[edit | edit source]

Soundtrack[edit | edit source]

Aapadbandhavudu
Soundtrack album by
M. M. Keeravani
Released1992
LanguageTelugu
LabelLahari Music
M. M. Keeravani chronology
Sundarakanda
(1992) 		Aapadbandhavudu
(1992) 		President Gari Pellam
(1992)

All songs are composed by M. M. Keeravani and audio is owned by Lahari Music.[7][8]

No.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length
1."Odiyappa"BhuvanachandraS. P. Balasubrahmanyam3:55
2."Aura Ammaka Chella"Sirivennela Seetharama SastryS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra5:45
3."Chukkallara (Female Version)"Sirivennela Seetharama SastryK. S. Chithra2:40
4."Chukkallara (Duet)"Sirivennela Seetharama SastryS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra4:53
5."Puvvunavve Guvvanavve"C. Narayana ReddyS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra5:06
6."Athala Vithala"Sirivennela Seetharama SastryS. P. Balasubrahmanyam2:12
7."Parameswaruni"Sirivennela Seetharama SastryK. S. Chithra2:00
Total length:26:31

Awards[edit | edit source]

Nandi Awards[9]
Filmfare Awards South

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Dundoo, Sangeetha Devi (25 April 2017). "K Viswanath brought dignity and grace to Telugu cinema". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
  2. ↑ "Aapadbandhavudu (1992)". Indiancine.ma.
  3. ↑ "Films Released In 1992 And Their Box Office Success". CineGoer.com. 7 October 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  4. ↑ "The films of K. Viswanath". AISFM Blog. 15 February 2014.
  5. ↑ "Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET" (PDF). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  6. ↑ Zachariah, Serene. "A Critique of Star Worship in the Case of Malayalam Actor Dileep's Sexual Abuse Controversy". www.academia.edu.
  7. ↑ "Apathbhandavudu". 4 January 1992. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2020 – via www.jiosaavn.com.
  8. ↑ "Apathbhandavudu". 31 August 2014 – via music.apple.com.
  9. ↑ "నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)" [A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)] (PDF). Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 21 August 2020.(in Telugu)
  10. ↑ Best actor/actress archive.org
  11. ↑ Music director archive.org

External links[edit | edit source]

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