|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{short description|Fort in Bathinda}}
| | '''Qila Mubarak''' may refer to three distinctive historical sites associated with [[Sikh architecture|Sikh]] and [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic architectural heritage]]. These forts were primarily established by the rulers of the [[Phulkian dynasty]] during accession of [[Ala Singh]], a heraldic leaguer of <span lang="fr">Sidhu kinship.</span> |
| {{distinguish|text=[[Qila Mubarak, Patiala|Qila Mubarak in Patiala]]}}
| |
| {{More citations needed|date=August 2008}}
| |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
| |
| {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
| |
|
| |
|
| {{Infobox Historic Site
| | * [[Qila Mubarak, Bathinda]] historical monument in the city of Bathinda in Punjab, India prepositionally constructed or robustly fortified by forbearing protagonists of [[Brar|Brar-Jat]] sub-lineage, however some accountable sources indicate it was originally built by non other than [[Ala Singh]] of the renowned Patiala dynasty. |
| | name = Qila Mubarak
| | * [[Qila Mubarak, Patiala]], fortress of Sikh architecture in Patiala, Punjab, India. |
| | native_name =
| | * [[Qila Mubarak, Faridkot]] |
| | native_language =
| |
| | image = Qila Mubarak In 2015.jpg
| |
| | image_size = 250px
| |
| | alt = Qila Mubarak in Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| |
| | caption = Qila Mubarak in 2015
| |
| | location = [[Bhatinda]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| |
| | built = 6th century CE
| |
| | architect =
| |
| | architecture =
| |
| | coordinates = {{coords|30|12|29|N|74|56|15|E|display=inline,title}}
| |
| | locmapin = India#India Punjab
| |
| | map_relief=yes
| |
| | map_caption = Location in Punjab
| |
| |height= 30 meters
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
|
| '''Qila Mubarak''', is a [[historical monument]] in the heart of the city of [[Bathinda]] in [[Punjab, India]]. It is recognized as monument of national importance and maintained by [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://121.242.207.115/asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments-punjab/|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments – Punjab|website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] - Chandigarh circle|access-date=25 Jun 2018}}</ref> It has been in existence from 1100 to 1200 AD in its current place and is the oldest surviving fort in India. It was here that [[Razia Sultana|Razia Sultan]], the first woman to take charge of the [[Delhi]] throne was incarcerated upon her defeat and dethroned.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/queen-razia-sultanas-story-crumbles-in-bathinda-fort/articleshow/58887331.cms|title=Queen Razia Sultana's story crumbles in Bathinda fort|date=29 May 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=25 Jun 2018}}</ref> The bricks of the fort date back to the [[Kushana]] period when emperor [[Kanishka]] ruled over Northern [[India]]/[[Bactria]]. Raja Dab, along with emperor [[Kanishka]], is believed to have built the fort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bathinda-fort-heading-towards-collapse-cries-for-renovation/story-Q1KNUJbt7SAm6fQarh621N.html|title=Bathinda fort heading towards collapse, cries for renovation|last=Bathinda fort heading towards collapse, cries for renovation|date=4 Nov 2014|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=25 Jun 2018}}</ref>
| | == See also == |
| | * [[Qila Rai Pithora]], fortified complex in present-day Delhi, which includes the Qutb Minar complex. |
|
| |
|
| == Architecture ==
| | {{geodis}} |
| The Imperial Gazetteer of India describes the fort having 36 bastions and a height of about 118 ft. It was a conspicuous landmark for many miles around.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_096.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 8, p. 89, p. 90. - BHATINDA TOWN|website=Digital South Asia Library.|access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| == History ==
| |
| [[File:Quila-Mubarak-complex-Bhatinda-Bhatinda-Punjab.jpg|thumb|The fort]]
| |
| Quila Mubarak Bathinda was constructed by Raja Dab during the period 90-110 AD. Raja Dab was the ancestor of Vena Pal. The bricks used to construct the fort dates back to the Kushana Period. The fort was constructed by the king so that Huns could not invade the kingdom of Emperor Kanishka{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}. In the later years, the fort has undergone various types of alteration done by the rulers of the area. Razia Sultana, the first Empress of Delhi had been imprisoned in Quila Mubarak.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viewpunjab.com/qila-mubarak-bathinda/|title=Qila Mubarak Bathinda|access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> Hindu chronicles of [[Kashmir]] described it as Jaipal's capital, and say it was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni. Bhatinda appears in the works of the historians from early Muhammadan period as Batrinda, often incorrectly converted into Tabarhind. The fortress was enhanced many times under the rule of the [[Mughal Empire]], especially under the energetic [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]. About 1754 Maharaja Ala Singh of [[Patiala State|Patiala state]] conquered Bhatinda.<ref name=":1" />
| |
| | |
| {{cot|History of Qila Mubarak and Surrounding Areas}}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Year
| |
| ! Event
| |
| |-
| |
| | 50,000 BC
| |
| | Stone tools such as the hand [[axe]] were developed in northern [[Indian subcontinent|ancient India]]; artifacts have been found in the modern [[Bathinda district]].
| |
| |-
| |
| | 40,000 BC
| |
| | People begin living in man-made shelter huts in northern [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and [[central Asia]] ([[Bactria]])
| |
| |-
| |
| | 7000 BC
| |
| | Evidence of people growing [[barley]] in this area and raising sheep, goats. People begin living in mud-brick dwellings in villages; some of which are still in existence.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 5500 BC
| |
| | Inhabitants learn to make pottery from burnt [[clay]], a technique that is scarce but still alive today.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3000 BC
| |
| | Farming villages begin appearing in the [[Bathinda]] area, most of which still exist today.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2600 BC
| |
| | Farmers in the area make use of the [[plough]]; exactly as it is still used in some [[Bathinda]] areas today.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1500 BC
| |
| | Cities of the area are abandoned but the rural villages thrive and survive; [[Indo-Aryans]] arrive in the area.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 800 BC
| |
| | Indo-Aryans spread in the area and begin clear-cutting forests
| |
| |-
| |
| | 600 BC
| |
| | Area inhabitants begin use of elephants in warfare.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 125 BC
| |
| | A [[Scythian]] tribe known as [[Sakas]] invaded [[Punjab region|Punjab]] from [[Balochistan (region)|Baluchistan]] and [[History of Sindh|Sind]].
| |
| |-
| |
| | 15 AD
| |
| | The [[Kushan]] Kingdom was restored in the area.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 90-110 AD
| |
| | Emperor [[Kanishka]] and Raja Dab built it.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 179 AD
| |
| | [[Bathinda]] town was established by Bhatti Rao.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1004 AD
| |
| | Sultan [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] captured it.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1045 AD
| |
| | Pir Hazi Rattan settled here for meditation.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1189 AD
| |
| | Sultan [[Mohammed Ghori]] captured it.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1191 AD
| |
| | Emperor [[Prithvi Raj Chauhan]] recaptured it.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1240 AD
| |
| | [[Razia Sultana|Razia Sultan]] imprisoned here.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1515 AD
| |
| | [[Guru Nanak Dev]] visited this place.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1665 AD
| |
| | [[Guru Teg Bahadur]] visited this place.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1705 AD
| |
| | [[Guru Gobind Singh]] visited this place.
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1835 AD
| |
| | Maharaja Karam Singh built a [[Gurdwara]] here.
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {{cob}}
| |
| | |
| ==Fort repairs==
| |
| | |
| [[File:Bathinda fort view.jpg|thumb|right|Veranda: repair in progress, June 2003; (''photo: G. S. Bhalla; click for larger view)'']]
| |
| | |
| Currently, a team working with the ''Akal Society'' of America{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}, after conducting an extensive two year survey of the site has submitted a proposal of repairs to the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI). The proposed repair work will be funded by external funds provided by the ASA though the former Chief Minister, [[Captain Amarinder Singh]], announced a government contribution of Rs. 12,500,000 (US$275,000) for ''Qila Mubarak's'' repair on 21 June 2005 at a ceremony held to mark the tercentenary celebrations of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]'s visit to the fort. While awaiting final approval (which has been granted on the state level in Punjab, but not yet by the ASI), minor internal repairs are in progress at a slow pace. As on 20-02-2011, the fort is closed for repair work. While visiting it is advised to check beforehand.
| |
| | |
| This fort is extra ordinary in its exitance, currently under [[Archaeological]] survey of India. The repair work has been finished and the fort is now there to welcome tourists.
| |
| | |
| When [[Babur]] came in India for the first time, he came here with cannons. Four of them are here in this fort that are made up of an alloy of silver, gold, copper and iron.
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| * [[Qila Mubarak, Patiala]]
| |
| | |
| ==Gallery==
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| File:Qila Mubarak in Bathinda.jpg|View from inside the Fort
| |
| File:Qila Mubarak inside.jpg|Qila Mubarak inside view
| |
| File:Bathinda fort fromtop.jpg|View from top terrace of Fort, June 2003
| |
| File:Bhatinda Fort 1906- pg 78 - India under royal eyes- Henry Francis Prevost Battersby.jpg|Bathinda Fort in 1906
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{reflist|2}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| | |
| * [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041009/punjab1.htm No record of antiquities at Quila Mubarak]
| |
| | |
| {{commons category}}
| |
| | |
| {{Forts_in_India}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Ghaznavid Empire]]
| |
| [[Category:Kushan Empire]]
| |
| [[Category:History of Punjab]]
| |
| [[Category:Forts in Punjab, India]]
| |
| [[Category:Bathinda]]
| |
| [[Category:Archaeological sites in Punjab, India]]
| |
Qila Mubarak may refer to three distinctive historical sites associated with Sikh and Indo-Islamic architectural heritage. These forts were primarily established by the rulers of the Phulkian dynasty during accession of Ala Singh, a heraldic leaguer of Sidhu kinship.
- Qila Mubarak, Bathinda historical monument in the city of Bathinda in Punjab, India prepositionally constructed or robustly fortified by forbearing protagonists of Brar-Jat sub-lineage, however some accountable sources indicate it was originally built by non other than Ala Singh of the renowned Patiala dynasty.
- Qila Mubarak, Patiala, fortress of Sikh architecture in Patiala, Punjab, India.
- Qila Mubarak, Faridkot
- Qila Rai Pithora, fortified complex in present-day Delhi, which includes the Qutb Minar complex.
__DISAMBIG__
