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{{short description|King of Gorkha Kingdom}}
{{short description|King of Gorkha Kingdom from 1606 to 1636}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Monarch
{{Infobox Monarch
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|birth_place    = Nepal
|birth_place    = Nepal
|death_place    = [[Prithbinarayan|Gorkha]], [[Gorkha Kingdom]], Nepal
|death_place    = [[Prithbinarayan|Gorkha]], [[Gorkha Kingdom]], Nepal
}}
}}{{About|the Gorkha king|the Nagvanshi king|Ram Shah (king)}}
'''Ram Shah''' ({{lang-ne|राम शाह}}; reign before 1606{{spnd}}1636) was the king of the [[Gorkha Kingdom]] (present-day [[Gorkha District]], Nepal). He was the son of King of Gorkha [[Purna Shah]] and brother of [[Chatra Shah]]. He acceded in the throne in c. 1606 after his brother's death. He expanded his kingdom far as the [[Trishuli River]] (east), the [[Marshyangdi]] (west), the [[Rasuwa District|Rasuwa]], (north) and the [[Mahabharat Range]] (west).{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}
'''Ram Shah''' ({{langx|ne|राम शाह}}; reign before 1606{{spnd}}1636) was a king of the [[Gorkha Kingdom]] (present-day [[Gorkha District]], Nepal). He was the son of Gorkha king [[Purna Shah]] and brother of [[Chatra Shah]]. He acceded to the throne {{Circa|1606}} after his brother's death. He expanded his kingdom as far as the [[Trishuli River]] to the east, the [[Marshyangdi]] to the west, the [[Rasuwa District|Rasuwa]] to the north, and the [[Mahabharat Range]] to the west.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}{{clarify|date=September 2024|reason=Two features both to the west, or is one of them to the south?}}


Shah was known as the "great conqueror" and "[[Conscientiousness|conscientious]]". He brought many changes to the Kingdom of Gorkha, including fixed and uniform weights and measurements, [[criminal code]]s, created a fixed rate of interest and built the Newar architecture palace [[Gorkha Palace]]. His statue is displayed at his Chautari where he used to give justice to the people.
Shah was known as the "great conqueror" and "[[Conscientiousness|conscientious]]". He brought many changes to the Gorkha Kingdom, including fixed and uniform weights and measures, [[criminal code]]s, created a fixed rate of interest and built the Newar architecture palace [[Gorkha Palace]]. His statue is displayed at his Chautari where he used to administer justice to the people.


== Reign ==
== Reign ==
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[[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkha]] was neighbours with small kingdoms ruled by the [[Gurung people|Gurungs]], [[Bhotiya|Bhotias]] and the [[Rajput]]s.<ref name=":0" /> Shah started to expand his army and created a friendship between the kings of [[Palpa District|Palpa]], [[Jumla District|Jumla]], and [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Lalitpur]].<ref name=":0" /> King Narsingh Malla of Lalitpur, sent 24 merchants to live in Gorkha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Mahendra Man|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRdBDwAAQBAJ&q=Ram+Shah+gorkha&pg=PT28|title=Forever Incomplete: The Story of Nepal|date=30 June 2013|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-81-321-1805-3|language=en|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730064210/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wRdBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28&lpg=PT28&dq=Ram+Shah+gorkha&source=bl&ots=eokwQlpCdr&sig=ACfU3U1MAk_JIVhV-LgWlFWkG2wcSo1byg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwig29brrPTqAhWRaRUIHZQEB3M4ChDoATAGegQICxAB#v=onepage&q=Ram%20Shah%20gorkha&f=false|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1620, [[Ngawang Namgyal]] signed a friendship treaty with Shah; which allowed 50 people from the kingdom to live in Bhutan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Human Rights Violations In Bhutan|url=https://humanrights.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/media/Human%20Rights%20Violation%20in%20%20Bhutan_final.docx.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730074323/https://humanrights.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/media/Human%20Rights%20Violation%20in%20%20Bhutan_final.docx.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Iowa Department of Human Rights}}</ref>
[[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkha]] was neighbours with small kingdoms ruled by the [[Gurung people|Gurungs]], [[Bhotiya|Bhotias]] and the [[Rajput]]s.<ref name=":0" /> Shah started to expand his army and created a friendship between the kings of [[Palpa District|Palpa]], [[Jumla District|Jumla]], and [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Lalitpur]].<ref name=":0" /> King Narsingh Malla of Lalitpur, sent 24 merchants to live in Gorkha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Mahendra Man|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRdBDwAAQBAJ&q=Ram+Shah+gorkha&pg=PT28|title=Forever Incomplete: The Story of Nepal|date=30 June 2013|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-81-321-1805-3|language=en|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730064210/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wRdBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28&lpg=PT28&dq=Ram+Shah+gorkha&source=bl&ots=eokwQlpCdr&sig=ACfU3U1MAk_JIVhV-LgWlFWkG2wcSo1byg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwig29brrPTqAhWRaRUIHZQEB3M4ChDoATAGegQICxAB#v=onepage&q=Ram%20Shah%20gorkha&f=false|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1620, [[Ngawang Namgyal]] signed a friendship treaty with Shah; which allowed 50 people from the kingdom to live in Bhutan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Human Rights Violations In Bhutan|url=https://humanrights.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/media/Human%20Rights%20Violation%20in%20%20Bhutan_final.docx.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730074323/https://humanrights.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/media/Human%20Rights%20Violation%20in%20%20Bhutan_final.docx.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Iowa Department of Human Rights}}</ref>


He began to colonise [[Barpak]], Shyartan, Atharsaya Khola, Ferung, [[Khari]], Meghi Charage, Niwarchok, [[Dhading District|Dhading]]; his conquest led the size of the kingdom far as the [[Trishuli River]] (east), the [[Marshyangdi]] (west), the [[Rasuwa District|Rasuwa]], (north) and the [[Mahabharat Range]] (west).<ref name=":0" /> Fearing the rapid expansion of Gorkha, the [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]] kings invaded the kingdom; which was unsuccessful and led them to withdraw their troops beyond Marshyandi.<ref name=":0" /> During the expansion, Kaji [[Ganesh Pandey]] led the army against Ghale Raja of Sallayan, in which the Kaji died in the combat. Shah was furious and ordered the soldiers to go back "for running from the field of battle and ordered them to go back to redeem their hounour, which they finally did".<ref name=":1" /> Ghale Raja was defeated and killed by a sword.<ref name=":1" />
He began to colonise [[Barpak]], Shyartan, Atharsaya Khola, Ferung, [[Khari, Nepal|Khari]], Meghi Charage, Niwarchok, [[Dhading District|Dhading]]; his conquest led the size of the kingdom far as the [[Trishuli River]] (east), the [[Marshyangdi]] (west), the [[Rasuwa District|Rasuwa]], (north) and the [[Mahabharat Range]] (west).<ref name=":0" /> Fearing the rapid expansion of Gorkha, the [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]] kings invaded the kingdom; which was unsuccessful and led them to withdraw their troops beyond Marshyandi.<ref name=":0" /> During the expansion, Kaji [[Ganesh Pandey]] led the army against Ghale Raja of Sallayan, in which the Kaji died in the combat. Shah was furious and ordered the soldiers to go back "for running from the field of battle and ordered them to go back to redeem their hounour, which they finally did".<ref name=":1" /> Ghale Raja was defeated and killed by a sword.<ref name=":1" />


During his reign, there were not any "fixed and uniform weights and measures" which varied from location to location; in order to fix this, he brought standard weights and measures throughout the kingdom.<ref name=":0" /> Shah created a fixed rate of interest, money lenders were not able to charge more than 10% interest and if it was in the form of [[PIK loan]] not more than 25% interest.<ref name=":0" /> Though, if not paid within 10 years, the moneylenders were able to raise the amount double or triple if it was in PIK loan.<ref name=":0" />
During his reign, there were not any "fixed and uniform weights and measures" which varied from location to location; in order to fix this, he brought standard weights and measures throughout the kingdom.<ref name=":0" /> Shah created a fixed rate of interest, money lenders were not able to charge more than 10% interest and if it was in the form of [[PIK loan]] not more than 25% interest.<ref name=":0" /> Though, if not paid within 10 years, the moneylenders were able to raise the amount double or triple if it was in PIK loan.<ref name=":0" />


He created an agreement "for grazing grounds for the cattle in each and every village" and those who claimed them would be "severely dealt with"; punishment also extended to the people who cut down trees near a road.<ref name=":0" /> Shah introduced many titles including [[Kaji (Nepal)|Kaji]], [[Sardar]], and Khardar.<ref name=":0" /> He introduced [[criminal code]]s; that created a saying around the kingdom "''Nyaya napaye Gorkha janu'' (translation: If you don't get justice, go to Gorkha)”.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Supreme Court Self-Strangulates (Itself and Loktantra)|url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2017/01/20/supreme-court-self-strangulates-itself-and-loktantra/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=30 July 2020|website=SpotlightNepal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=14 June 2001|title=Nepal's living link with history|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1388481.stm|url-status=live|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123141713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1388481.stm|archive-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> He would "dispense justice and display fairness".<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Shifting Conceptions Of Social (In)justice in Nepal|url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/47797/1/4_Satyal_Conceptions_of_social_in_justice_in_Nepal.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730060718/https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/47797/1/4_Satyal_Conceptions_of_social_in_justice_in_Nepal.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=UEA Digital Repository}}</ref> During his reign, the [[Gorkha Palace]], Newar architecture palace was built circa 1610;<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Gorkha: A major destination to consider for a rich travel experience|url=https://kathmandupost.com/travel/2020/01/10/gorkha-a-major-destination-to-consider-for-a-rich-travel-experience|access-date=30 July 2020|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref> it was destroyed by the [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Four years since the earthquake, Gorkha Durbar still in ruins|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/04/21/four-years-since-the-earthquake-gorkha-durbar-still-in-ruins|access-date=30 July 2020|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730045210/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/04/21/four-years-since-the-earthquake-gorkha-durbar-still-in-ruins|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sapkota|first=Narahari|title=Gorkha Durbar reconstruction slow|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/81513/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=My Republica|language=en}}</ref>
He created an agreement "for grazing grounds for the cattle in each and every village" and those who claimed them would be "severely dealt with"; punishment also extended to the people who cut down trees near a road.<ref name=":0" /> Shah introduced many titles including [[Kaji (Nepal)|Kaji]], [[Sardar]], and Khardar.<ref name=":0" /> He introduced [[criminal code]]s; that created a saying around the kingdom "''Nyaya napaye Gorkha janu'' (translation: If you don't get justice, go to Gorkha)”.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Supreme Court Self-Strangulates (Itself and Loktantra)|url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2017/01/20/supreme-court-self-strangulates-itself-and-loktantra/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=SpotlightNepal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=14 June 2001|title=Nepal's living link with history|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1388481.stm|url-status=live|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123141713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1388481.stm|archive-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> He would "dispense justice and display fairness".<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Shifting Conceptions Of Social (In)justice in Nepal|url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/47797/1/4_Satyal_Conceptions_of_social_in_justice_in_Nepal.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730060718/https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/47797/1/4_Satyal_Conceptions_of_social_in_justice_in_Nepal.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=UEA Digital Repository}}</ref> During his reign, the [[Gorkha Palace]], Newar architecture palace was built circa 1610;<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title=Gorkha: A major destination to consider for a rich travel experience|url=https://kathmandupost.com/travel/2020/01/10/gorkha-a-major-destination-to-consider-for-a-rich-travel-experience|access-date=30 July 2020|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref> it was destroyed by the [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Four years since the earthquake, Gorkha Durbar still in ruins|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/04/21/four-years-since-the-earthquake-gorkha-durbar-still-in-ruins|access-date=30 July 2020|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730045210/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/04/21/four-years-since-the-earthquake-gorkha-durbar-still-in-ruins|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sapkota|first=Narahari|title=Gorkha Durbar reconstruction slow|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/81513/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=My Republica|language=en}}</ref>


== Personal life and legacy ==
== Personal life and legacy ==
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The birth date of Ram Shah is unknown; he was the brother of [[Chatra Shah]].<ref name=":0" /> He was born to [[Purna Shah]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=|title=The Royal Edicts of King Rama Shah of Gorkha|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/227360/kailash_05_01_03.pdf?sequence=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730044310/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/227360/kailash_05_01_03.pdf?sequence=2|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Apollo – University of Cambridge Repository}}</ref> Ram Shah asked King of Bhutan to send Lamas "to perform [the] rite for the peace in his family and for the birth of a son".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=|title=Historical Overview Of Gorkhas in Assam|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/250598/13/13_chapter3.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730070008/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/250598/13/13_chapter3.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Shodhganga}}</ref> They were successful; he had three sons including [[Dambar Shah]].<ref name=":4" /> He followed the religion Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=From Peace Settlement to Political Settlement|url=https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Other_Resources/IPS/IPSPaper-10-From-Peace-Settlement-to-Political-Settlement.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075028/https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Other_Resources/IPS/IPSPaper-10-From-Peace-Settlement-to-Political-Settlement.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=Berghof Foundation}}; {{Cite journal|last=Sen|first=Pawan|date=1 July 2015|title=Should Nepal be a Hindu State or a Secular State?|url=https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol35/iss1/11|journal=HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies|volume=35|issue=1|issn=2471-3716|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075657/https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol35/iss1/11/|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was believed that he ruled the kingdom for about 27 years until his death in 1633; however, newly discovered information indicated he was ruling in 1636.<ref name=":3" /> So it was concluded that ruled until 1636.<ref name=":3" /> Upon his death, his wife committed [[Sati (practice)|sati]] or "burn[ed] on the funeral pyre with her husband".<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Shifting States: Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780–1930|url=https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/27504/Warner_washington_0250E_14083.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730080916/https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/27504/Warner_washington_0250E_14083.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=University of Washington}}</ref>
The birth date of Ram Shah is unknown; he was the brother of [[Chatra Shah]].<ref name=":0" /> He was born to [[Purna Shah]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=|title=The Royal Edicts of King Rama Shah of Gorkha|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/227360/kailash_05_01_03.pdf?sequence=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730044310/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/227360/kailash_05_01_03.pdf?sequence=2|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Apollo – University of Cambridge Repository}}</ref> Ram Shah asked King of Bhutan to send Lamas "to perform [the] rite for the peace in his family and for the birth of a son".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=|title=Historical Overview Of Gorkhas in Assam|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/250598/13/13_chapter3.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730070008/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/250598/13/13_chapter3.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Shodhganga}}</ref> They were successful; he had three sons including [[Dambar Shah]].<ref name=":4" /> He followed the religion Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=From Peace Settlement to Political Settlement|url=https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Other_Resources/IPS/IPSPaper-10-From-Peace-Settlement-to-Political-Settlement.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075028/https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Other_Resources/IPS/IPSPaper-10-From-Peace-Settlement-to-Political-Settlement.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=Berghof Foundation}}; {{Cite journal|last=Sen|first=Pawan|date=1 July 2015|title=Should Nepal be a Hindu State or a Secular State?|url=https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol35/iss1/11|journal=HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies|volume=35|issue=1|issn=2471-3716|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075657/https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol35/iss1/11/|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was believed that he ruled the kingdom for about 27 years until his death in 1633; however, newly discovered information indicated he was ruling in 1636.<ref name=":3" /> So it was concluded that ruled until 1636.<ref name=":3" /> Upon his death, his wife committed [[Sati (practice)|sati]] or "burn[ed] on the funeral pyre with her husband".<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Shifting States: Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780–1930|url=https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/27504/Warner_washington_0250E_14083.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730080916/https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/27504/Warner_washington_0250E_14083.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=University of Washington}}</ref>


In Gorkha, there is a statue of Ram Shah in Ram Shah's Chautari, where he used to provide justice to the people.<ref name=":2" /> His criminal code was used by his successors, including the last king of Gorkha and the first king of Nepal [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Bimal Pratap|title=Paradise lost|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/paradise-lost/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=My Republica|language=en}}</ref> It is said that wife of Shah possessed the power of the [[Devi]], following the death of her, and revolutionary [[Lakhan Thapa]], someone built a [[Manakamana Temple]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=|title=An introduction of Nepal|url=http://doinepal.gov.np/uploads/20191128133221.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075953/http://doinepal.gov.np/uploads/20191128133221.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Department of Information & Broadcasting}}</ref> He was noted for his justice system.<ref name=":5" />
In Gorkha, there is a statue of Ram Shah in Ram Shah's Chautari, where he used to provide justice to the people.<ref name=":2" /> His criminal code was used by his successors, including the last king of Gorkha and the first king of Nepal [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Bimal Pratap|title=Paradise lost|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/paradise-lost/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=My Republica|language=en}}</ref> It is said that wife of Ram Shah possessed the power of the [[Devi]], following the death of Queen, and before revolutionary [[Lakhan Thapa Magar]], another Saint 1st Lakhan Thapa Magar, who is also described as a spiritual guide for King Ram Shah and he also had a very close relationship with the Queen, who was also considered an incarnation of the Goddess Durga Bhawani, an incarnation of Parvati, in that place he Built a [[Manakamana Temple]] in Gorkha District and it is mandatory for a priest to be a [[Magars|Magar]], the Main Priest must be a descendant of Saint Lakhan Thapa Magar.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=|title=An introduction of Nepal|url=http://doinepal.gov.np/uploads/20191128133221.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075953/http://doinepal.gov.np/uploads/20191128133221.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Department of Information & Broadcasting}}</ref> He was also noted for his justice system.<ref name=":5" />


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1636 deaths]]
[[Category:1636 deaths]]
[[Category:Gurkhas]]
[[Category:Kings of Gorkha]]
[[Category:Shah dynasty]]
[[Category:Shah dynasty]]
[[Category:People from Gorkha District]]
[[Category:People from Gorkha District]]
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[[Category:Nepalese Hindus]]
[[Category:Nepalese Hindus]]
[[Category:National heroes of Nepal]]
[[Category:National heroes of Nepal]]
[[Category:17th-century monarchs]]
{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}

Latest revision as of 21:26, 21 February 2026

King Ram Shah
राजा राम शाह
King of Gorkha Kingdom
Reign1606–1636
Coronation1606
PredecessorChatra Shah
SuccessorDambar Shah
Born1550
Nepal
Died1636
Gorkha, Gorkha Kingdom, Nepal
IssueDambar Shah
DynastyShah dynasty
FatherPurna Shah
ReligionHinduism
This article is about the Gorkha king. For the Nagvanshi king, see Ram Shah (king).

Ram Shah (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; reign before 1606 – 1636) was a king of the Gorkha Kingdom (present-day Gorkha District, Nepal). He was the son of Gorkha king Purna Shah and brother of Chatra Shah. He acceded to the throne c. 1606 after his brother's death. He expanded his kingdom as far as the Trishuli River to the east, the Marshyangdi to the west, the Rasuwa to the north, and the Mahabharat Range to the west.[citation needed][clarification needed]

Shah was known as the "great conqueror" and "conscientious". He brought many changes to the Gorkha Kingdom, including fixed and uniform weights and measures, criminal codes, created a fixed rate of interest and built the Newar architecture palace Gorkha Palace. His statue is displayed at his Chautari where he used to administer justice to the people.

Reign[edit | edit source]

When the first ruler of Gorkha Dravya Shah's son Purna Shah acceded in the throne, he ruled for about thirty-five years.[1] Upon his death, his son Chatra Shah became the King and ruled the kingdom for about seven months until his death, as he did not have any children his brother Ram Shah acceded in the throne in c. 1606.[1] Shah was described as "great conqueror" and "conscientious".[1] He wanted to expand his kingdom which only consisted of Liglig, Gorkha, Siranchok and Ajirgarh.[1]

Gorkha was neighbours with small kingdoms ruled by the Gurungs, Bhotias and the Rajputs.[1] Shah started to expand his army and created a friendship between the kings of Palpa, Jumla, and Lalitpur.[1] King Narsingh Malla of Lalitpur, sent 24 merchants to live in Gorkha.[2] In 1620, Ngawang Namgyal signed a friendship treaty with Shah; which allowed 50 people from the kingdom to live in Bhutan.[3]

He began to colonise Barpak, Shyartan, Atharsaya Khola, Ferung, Khari, Meghi Charage, Niwarchok, Dhading; his conquest led the size of the kingdom far as the Trishuli River (east), the Marshyangdi (west), the Rasuwa, (north) and the Mahabharat Range (west).[1] Fearing the rapid expansion of Gorkha, the Lamjung kings invaded the kingdom; which was unsuccessful and led them to withdraw their troops beyond Marshyandi.[1] During the expansion, Kaji Ganesh Pandey led the army against Ghale Raja of Sallayan, in which the Kaji died in the combat. Shah was furious and ordered the soldiers to go back "for running from the field of battle and ordered them to go back to redeem their hounour, which they finally did".[2] Ghale Raja was defeated and killed by a sword.[2]

During his reign, there were not any "fixed and uniform weights and measures" which varied from location to location; in order to fix this, he brought standard weights and measures throughout the kingdom.[1] Shah created a fixed rate of interest, money lenders were not able to charge more than 10% interest and if it was in the form of PIK loan not more than 25% interest.[1] Though, if not paid within 10 years, the moneylenders were able to raise the amount double or triple if it was in PIK loan.[1]

He created an agreement "for grazing grounds for the cattle in each and every village" and those who claimed them would be "severely dealt with"; punishment also extended to the people who cut down trees near a road.[1] Shah introduced many titles including Kaji, Sardar, and Khardar.[1] He introduced criminal codes; that created a saying around the kingdom "Nyaya napaye Gorkha janu (translation: If you don't get justice, go to Gorkha)”.[4][5] He would "dispense justice and display fairness".[6] During his reign, the Gorkha Palace, Newar architecture palace was built circa 1610;[7] it was destroyed by the April 2015 Nepal earthquake.[8][9]

Personal life and legacy[edit | edit source]

Statue of Ram Shah in Gorkha Durbar.
Nepali stamp featuring Shah c. 1969.

The birth date of Ram Shah is unknown; he was the brother of Chatra Shah.[1] He was born to Purna Shah.[10] Ram Shah asked King of Bhutan to send Lamas "to perform [the] rite for the peace in his family and for the birth of a son".[11] They were successful; he had three sons including Dambar Shah.[11] He followed the religion Hinduism.[12] It was believed that he ruled the kingdom for about 27 years until his death in 1633; however, newly discovered information indicated he was ruling in 1636.[10] So it was concluded that ruled until 1636.[10] Upon his death, his wife committed sati or "burn[ed] on the funeral pyre with her husband".[13]

In Gorkha, there is a statue of Ram Shah in Ram Shah's Chautari, where he used to provide justice to the people.[7] His criminal code was used by his successors, including the last king of Gorkha and the first king of Nepal Prithvi Narayan Shah.[14] It is said that wife of Ram Shah possessed the power of the Devi, following the death of Queen, and before revolutionary Lakhan Thapa Magar, another Saint 1st Lakhan Thapa Magar, who is also described as a spiritual guide for King Ram Shah and he also had a very close relationship with the Queen, who was also considered an incarnation of the Goddess Durga Bhawani, an incarnation of Parvati, in that place he Built a Manakamana Temple in Gorkha District and it is mandatory for a priest to be a Magar, the Main Priest must be a descendant of Saint Lakhan Thapa Magar.[15] He was also noted for his justice system.[15]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 "The History of Ancient and Medieval Nepal" (PDF). Himalaya. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Singh, Mahendra Man (30 June 2013). Forever Incomplete: The Story of Nepal. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-81-321-1805-3. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  3. ↑ "Human Rights Violations In Bhutan" (PDF). Iowa Department of Human Rights. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  4. ↑ "Supreme Court Self-Strangulates (Itself and Loktantra)". SpotlightNepal. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  5. ↑ "Nepal's living link with history". BBC. 14 June 2001. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  6. ↑ "Shifting Conceptions Of Social (In)justice in Nepal" (PDF). UEA Digital Repository. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Gorkha: A major destination to consider for a rich travel experience". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  8. ↑ "Four years since the earthquake, Gorkha Durbar still in ruins". kathmandupost.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  9. ↑ Sapkota, Narahari. "Gorkha Durbar reconstruction slow". My Republica. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "The Royal Edicts of King Rama Shah of Gorkha" (PDF). Apollo – University of Cambridge Repository. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Historical Overview Of Gorkhas in Assam" (PDF). Shodhganga. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  12. ↑ "From Peace Settlement to Political Settlement" (PDF). Berghof Foundation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.; Sen, Pawan (1 July 2015). "Should Nepal be a Hindu State or a Secular State?". HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies. 35 (1). ISSN 2471-3716. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  13. ↑ "Shifting States: Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780–1930" (PDF). University of Washington. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  14. ↑ Shah, Bimal Pratap. "Paradise lost". My Republica. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "An introduction of Nepal" (PDF). Department of Information & Broadcasting. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
Preceded by
Chatra Shah 		King of Gorkha
1606–1636 		Succeeded by
Dambar Shah
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