[[File:HINDOL MAP.jpg|alt=Hindol State established in 1554|thumb|Hindol State established in 1554]]
[[File:HINDOL MAP.jpg|alt=Hindol State established in 1554|thumb|Hindol State established in 1554]]
'''Hindol''' is a town and [[Subdivision (India)|subdivision]] in [[Dhenkanal district]] of [[Odisha]] state, India. It is located {{convert|29|km}} from [[National Highway 110 (India)|NH 55]] to Gudiakateni, {{convert|11|km}} from NH 655 to Satamaili Chowk and is surrounded by reserve forest from the East, South, and West. It was a part of the [[Hindol State|Hindol]] [[princely state]] before [[Partition of India|independence]]. It is {{convert|60|km}} from [[Dhenkanal]].
'''Hindol''' is a [[town]] and [[Subdivision (India)|subdivision]] in [[Dhenkanal district]] of the Indian state of [[Odisha]].
==History==
== Geography ==
Hindol was home to the [[Hindol (princely state)|Hindol]] [[princely state]] with the [[Eastern States Agency#Princely states of the Eastern States Agency|Odisha States Agency]] during the [[British Raj]]. After the [[East India Company]] occupied Odisha in September–October 1803, treaties were signed with estates of the region, including Hindol. After [[independence of India]], it merged into [[Republic of India]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amalgamation of Princely States|author=Dr. Bhagyalipi Malla |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/august-2007/engpdf/Page94-100.pdf |date=August 2007 |publisher=Orissa Review|page=94,98|accessdate=18 July 2013}}</ref> Thereafter in 1948, once all the princely states including [[Dhenkanal (princely state)|Dhenkanal]], [[Talcher]], [[Athmallik]], [[Pal Lahara]] and Hindol formally merged with the province of Odisha, the present [[Dhenkanal district]] was created.<ref name="Mitra2002">{{cite book|author=Subrata K. Mitra|title=Power, Protest and Participation: Local Elites and Development in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkCzpsbO1tYC&pg=PA63|accessdate=18 July 2013|date=31 January 2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-203-22168-6|pages=63–}}</ref>
It is located {{convert|29|km}} from [[National Highway 110 (India)|NH 55]] to Gudiakateni, {{convert|11|km}} from NH 655 to Satamaili Chowk and is surrounded by reserve forest on the East, South, and West. It was a part of the [[Hindol State|Hindol]] [[princely state]] before [[Partition of India|independence]]. It is {{convert|60|km}} from [[Dhenkanal]].
== Festivals ==
== History ==
Hindol witnesses five festivals every year, of which three are major. The most important of these is the [[Rath Yatra]].
Hindol was founded from [[Dudurkote]] (established before 800 AD) in 1554 by two brothers named Lakshman Mahratta and Bharat Mahratta. They belonged to the family of the [[Badakhemundi Estate|Khimedi Raja]] of [[Ganjam district]], which also ruled over areas in the [[Madras Province|Madras]] region. After the [[East India Company]] occupied Odisha in September–October 1803, treaties were signed with estates of the region, including Hindol.
=== Harihat Mahotsav ===
[[File:Harihat Mahotsav 2016.jpg|thumb]]
The Oldest Carnival of Hindol. Harihat Mela is converted as Harihat Mahotsav in the year of 2016. But Harihat Mela was an ancient traditional carnival of Hindol which was started many years ago before the Twentieth hYatra.
Hindol is an [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha) constituency within the [[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]] parliamentary ([[Lok Sabha]]) constituency.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>
== Ancient history and origin of the region ==
The state Hindol was founded from Dudurkote (established before 800 AD) in 1554 by two brothers named Lakshman Mahratta and Bharat Mahratta belonging to the family of the Khimedi Raja of [[Ganjam]], which also ruled over areas in the [[Madras Province|Madras]] region. After the [[East India Company]] occupied Odisha in September–October 1803, treaties were signed with estates of the region, including Hindol.
After the [[independence of India]] in 1947 Hindol merged into the [[Republic of India]] on 1 January 1948. Thereafter in 1948, once all the princely states including [[Dhenkanal State|Dhenkanal]], [[Talcher State|Talcher]], [[Athmallik State|Athmallik]], [[Pal Lahara State|Pal Lahara]] and Hindol formally merged with the province of Odisha, the present [[Dhenkanal district]] was created.
=== Rulers ===
The rulers of Hindol were of [[Rajput]] origin and had the title of [[Raja]].
==== Rajas ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Tenure
!Tenure
Line 89:
Line 53:
|}
|}
==== Sarbarakar & Royal Responsibilities ====
==== SARBARAKAR & ROYAL RESPONSIBILITIES ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Tenure
!Tenure
Line 97:
Line 61:
|Father and Forehead grandfather of Satyabadi Pratap Singh Garnaik
|Father and Forehead grandfather of Satyabadi Pratap Singh Garnaik
|-
|-
|1800–1840
|'''1800–1840'''
|Satyabadi Pratap Singh Garnaik
| '''" SATYABADI PRATAP SINGH GARNAIK "'''
|-
|-
|1840–1875
|1840–1875
Line 110:
Line 74:
|-
|-
|1906–1938
|1906–1938
|Sana Adhyaksh Senapati Nakula Samant Sinhar son of Ghasia Sardar Singh Garnaik
|Somanatha Satrujita Garnaik son of Champettra Sardar Singh Garnaik
Sana Adhyaksh Senapati Nakula Samant Sinhar son of Ghasia Sardar Singh Garnaik
|-
|-
|1920–1961
|1938–1961
|Sarbarakar Fakira Charan Garnaik son of Ghasia Sardar Singh
|Sarbarakar Fakira Charan Garnaik son of Ghasia Sardar Singh
Banamali Garnaik son of Ghasia Sardar Singh
Ananta Garnaik son of Ghasia Sardar Singh
Sadananda Garnaik son of Nakula Samant Sinhar
Sadananda Garnaik son of Nakula Samant Sinhar
Baikuntha Garnaik son of Sarbarakar Fakira Charan Garnai
Baikuntha Garnaik son of Sarbarakar Fakira Charan Garnaik
Kedar Kishor Garnaik son of Sarbarakar Fakira Charan Garnaik
== Sena Adhyaksh Senapati 'Nakula Samanta Sinhara' ==
Kedar Kishor Garnaik son of Sarbarakar Fakira Charan Garnaik
'''Nakula Samanta Sinhara''' (1905/1906 -16 April 1938) was a prominent figure of the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[Hindol (princely state)|Hindol]] [[princely state]]. with the [[Eastern States Agency#Princely states of the Eastern States Agency|Odisha States Agency]] during [[British Raj]] era. He is an Indian nationalist considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries and whose defiant patriotism made him a prominent Sena Adhyaksh and freedom fighter in Hindol. He was popularly known as Sena Adhyaksh (Senapati) & Commander-in-Chief of king of Hindol.
|}
Hindol was the home to the [[Hindol (princely state)|Hindol]] [[princely state]] with the [[Eastern States Agency#Princely states of the Eastern States Agency|Odisha States Agency]] during the [[British Raj]]. After the [[East India Company]] occupied Odisha from September to October in 1803, treaties were signed with estates of the region, including [[Hindol State|Hindol]]. After [[Independence of India|Independence]], the state merged into the [[Republic of India]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dr. Bhagyalipi Malla|date=August 2007|title=Amalgamation of Princely States|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/august-2007/engpdf/Page94-100.pdf|publisher=Orissa Review|page=94,98|accessdate=18 July 2013}}</ref> Thereafter in 1948, when all the princely states including [[Dhenkanal (princely state)|Dhenkanal]], [[Talcher]], [[Athmallik]], [[Pal Lahara]] and Hindol formally merged with the province of [[Odisha]], the present-day [[Dhenkanal district]] was created.<ref name="Mitra2002">{{cite book|author=Subrata K. Mitra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkCzpsbO1tYC&pg=PA63|title=Power, Protest and Participation: Local Elites and Development in India|date=31 January 2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-203-22168-6|pages=63–|accessdate=18 July 2013}}</ref>
== Early life ==
== Festivals ==
Nakula Samanta Sinhara was born in 1905/1906 in Baghua Sahi, Dudurkote, Hindol in [[Dhenkanal district]] of [[Odisha]]. He was spent his childhood time in Baghuasahi, Dudurkote, Hindol with his family members. He had five brothers and two sisters among them Nakula Samanta Sinhara was the elder one. He was son of Ghasia Charana Garnaik(Shardar) and grandson of Satyabadi Pratap Singh Garnaik who was the Pragana Officer & Chief-administrative of king of Hindol.
Hindol hosts five festivals every year, of which three are major. The most important of these is the [[Rath Yatra]].
He was starting his schooling in [[Khordha district|Khordha]], Odisha and after completed his schooling, He started learning on war knowledge (Yudha Vidhya) in [[Khordha district|Khordha]], Odisha and returned to his native place Dudurkote, [[Hindol (princely state)|Hindol]] [[princely state]] after completion of his schooling. He was observed his grandfather Satyabadi Pratap Singh Garnaik activities related to administrative and war knowledge (Yudha Vidhya) and learned lots of things from his grandfather during his childhood time. His grandfather Satyabadi Pratap Singh Garnaik trained him to all war knowledge(Yudha Vidhya) in such a way anyone could not beat him in his life.
=== Harihat Mahotsav ===
== Royal responsibilities ==
[[File:Harihat Mahotsav 2016.jpg|thumb]]
Being an excellent scholar in education and war knowledge (Yudha Vidhya) like his grandfather Satyabadi Pratap Singh Garnaik. He was ascended as the Sena Adhyaksh and Chief of the administration of Army of Hindol at the early age of 20 or 21 and carried out his duties till his death.
Harihat Mahotsav is the oldest carnival of Hindol. The original name Harihat Mela was converted to Harihat Mahotsav in 2016. But Harihat Mela was an ancient traditional carnival of Hindol that was started many years before the Twentieth Yatra.
A prominent warrior Sena Adhyaksh(Senapati) & Commander-in-Chief of King Hindol, beaten 16s Sena Adhyaksh of different [[Princely state]] on his combatant during the competition of Sena Adhyaksh between different [[princely state]] of Orissa like (Talacher, Dhenkanal, Narasinghpur, Bamra, Athagarh, Rairakhol, Nayagarh, AUL(Cuttack), Athamallick, Baramba, Sukinda, Gangpur, Nilgiri, Bolangir and Kalahandi ). He had shown and proved the strength and power of, [[Hindol (princely state)|Hindol]] [[princely state]] and his courage feared to other [[Princely state]] of Orissa during on his duties. He could not tolerate any illegal activity and was very strict in his duties.
* Kalapana Bazar Laxmi Puja Committee, Nizigarhapatana
* Mera Bazar Laxmi Puja Committee
* Karigar Sahi Laxmi Puja Committee
* Satya Sahi Laxmi Puja Committee, Nutanpatana-A
* Gopala Sahi Laxmi Puja Committee, Nutanpatana-B
* Banamalipur Laxmi Puja Committee
* Pitabali Laxmi Puja Committee
* Gopalapur Laxmi Puja Committee-A
* Gopalapur Laxmi Puja Committee-B
* Radhanathapura Laxmi Puja Committee
* Champati Sahi Laxmi Puja Committee
== Revolt Against the British ==
==Politics==
He had revolted against the [[British Raj]] in the province in 1936 and formed the Praja Mandal with the other people of [[Hindol (princely state)|Hindol]] [[princely state]] and elected as a president. The first Praja Mandal Andolan from Hindol held in the year July 1937 in Balika School, Dudurkote, Hindol. He was the first man from Hindol who attended and led the second meeting of [[Praja mandala movement|Praja Mandal Andolan]] held at [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]], Odisha in the year 1938 from Hindol. He had been exploiting to inspire other [[princely state]]s Sena Adhyakshas (Talacher, Dhenkanal, Narasinghpur, Bamra, Athagarh, Rairakhol, Nayagarh, Bolangir and Kalahandi etc.…) to revolt against the British.
Hindol is a part of [[Hindol Assembly constituency]] and [[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal Parliamentary constituency]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>
== Arrested by British in April 1938 ==
He was arrested and kept in internment(Nazzer Bandhi) by the Political Agent of British Raj, Nellore Saheb and the assistant [[Dewan]] with four false cases that was preplanned by assistant Dewan(Chakradhar Acharya) of Hindol related to [[Indian independence movement]] from Hindol, during the absence of Raj Naba Kishore Singh Mardraj Jagdeb on his visited for Darshan of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Lord Jagannath Temple, Puri]].
== Relieved from internment (Nazzer Bandhi) ==
When Raja Naba Kishore Singh Mardraj Jagdeb came back from [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Lord Jagannath Temple, Puri]], saw his Sena Adhyaksh in internment(Nazzer Bandhi) and asked immediate relieved his Sena Adhyaksh from internment(Nazzer Bandhi) that made by Political Agent of British Raj Nellore Saheb & assistant Dewan(Chakradhar Acharya) and said officially to Sinhara, do not involved in Praja Mandal Andolan against [[British Raj]] but personally and non-officially supported to Senapati Nakula Samanta Sinhara against [[British Raj]]. During internment (Nazzer Bandhi) Sinhara's health suffered in severe fever and his health was feeling unwell.
== Conspiracy on 15 April 1938 ==
After being relieved from internment (Nazzer Bandhi), assistant Dewan(Chakradhar Acharya) was afraid of Senapati Nakula Samanta Sinhara for his five false cases that were made by assistant Dewan (Chakradhar Acharya) with preplanned conspiracy with British during the absence of Raj Naba Kishore Singh Mardraj Jagdeb. During internment (Nazzer Bandhi) Senapati Nakula Samanta Sinhara's health suffered in severe fever and his health was feeling unwell.
Senapati Nakula Samanta Sinhara had treatment his health from fever and medicines gave him by Baidya (Madhu Doctor) for recovering his health, But Baidya(Madhu Doctor) had bought by assistant Dewan (Chakradhar Acharya) & British and gave slow poison on his medicine that he toke for fever and his death happened on midnight during in his slept on bed at Hindol and take piece in rest.
When Raj Naba Kishore Singh Mardraj Jagded had got this information from folks, and took immediate action against to assistant Dewan (Chakradhar Acharya) and Baidya(Madhu Doctor) on this preplanned murder against Senapati Nakula Samanta Sinhar and planned to give hard punishment to assistant Dewan (Chakradhar Acharya) and Baidya (Madhu Doctor), but they escaped to Cuttack from Hindol and never returned to Hindol.
Nakula Samanta Sinhara's dead body was brought to his native place at Baghua Sahi, Dudurkote, Hindol and his cremation with respected of martyr by presence of his younger brother Zamindar Sarbarakar Fakir Charan Garnaik and Raj Naba Kishore Singh Mardraj Jagdeb king of Hindol with 25 litres of cow [[ghee]] and one cart of [[sandalwood]]. Currently, that place was besides of Dudurkote gram panchayat office.
== Family members ==
Sinhara had three daughters, one son, five brothers & two sisters named as
# Ananta Charana Garnaik (1918–2003) - Relation Brother (Chief Executive officer & office in charge of Rourkela Railway Station)
# Mantri Garnaik (1924–1949) - Relation Brother
# Lavayana Garnaik (1921–1993) - Relation Sister (Married to sub sarbarakar of Thokara)
# Sadananda Garnaik (1928–2002) - Relation Adopted Son
== Death ==
* Nakula Samanta Singhar - military commander to the feudal chief of Hindol
Sinhara died on 16 April 1938 in Hindol. His cremation with respected of martyr and a freedom fighter & first man who led the [[Indian independence movement]] from Hindol. This day was declared as a black day for Hindol.
* Raja Bahadur [[Shailendra Narayan Singhdeo]] - Scion of the erstwhile Princely State of Hindol
* [[Nagendra Kumar Pradhan]] - Indian Politician and former Odisha State Cabinet Minister
== Sarbarakar 'Fakira Charan Garnaik' ==
* Shridhar Swami (Mukunda Das) - Founder of the Mahima Alekh cult aka [[Mahima Dharma]]
'''Fakira Charan Garnaik'''(1909-1969) was the most popular and leading Sarbarakar of [[Hindol (princely state)|Hindol]] [[princely state]]. A '''Sarbarakar''' in the Indian subcontinent was an aristocrat. The term means '<nowiki/>'''Land Lord, Debottar, Khamara, Society Activities'''' in [[Eastern States Agency#Princely states of the Eastern States Agency|Odisha States Agency]] . Typically hereditary, '''Sarbarakar''' held enormous tracts of land, society activities and control over their peasants, from whom they reserved the right to collect tax on behalf of imperial courts or for military and improvement the society activities purposes.
'''Sarbarakar''' was a royal responsibility of Land Lord (Land owner of state), Debottar(Religious endowments made in favour of temples), Khamar(Water endowments made in favour of society), Social Activities and Chief representative of [[princely state]] in [[Eastern States Agency#Princely states of the Eastern States Agency|Odisha States Agency]] during [[British Raj]] era. '''Sarbarakar''' also known as Malikana(Chief) incharge for collection of revenue and most not show disloyalty, Should not fail to pay the total revenue collected from the people in [[princely state]].
In [[Eastern States Agency#Princely states of the Eastern States Agency|Odisha States Agency]] during [[British Raj]] era, The important leading Sarbarakar as '''Fakira Charan Garnaik'''(1909-1969) of [[Hindol (princely state)|Hindol]] [[princely state]].
It is located 29 kilometres (18 mi) from NH 55 to Gudiakateni, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from NH 655 to Satamaili Chowk and is surrounded by reserve forest on the East, South, and West. It was a part of the Hindolprincely state before independence. It is 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Dhenkanal.
Hindol was founded from Dudurkote (established before 800 AD) in 1554 by two brothers named Lakshman Mahratta and Bharat Mahratta. They belonged to the family of the Khimedi Raja of Ganjam district, which also ruled over areas in the Madras region. After the East India Company occupied Odisha in September–October 1803, treaties were signed with estates of the region, including Hindol.
Harihat Mahotsav is the oldest carnival of Hindol. The original name Harihat Mela was converted to Harihat Mahotsav in 2016. But Harihat Mela was an ancient traditional carnival of Hindol that was started many years before the Twentieth Yatra.
