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{{short description|A devotee of Lalita}}{{Saktism}}
{{short description|Hindu writer and exponent of Shaktism}}
{{Saktism}}
[[File:Tripura Sundari2.jpg|130px|thumb|Bhaskararaya was Lalitaʻs devotee.]]
[[File:Tripura Sundari2.jpg|130px|thumb|Bhaskararaya was Lalitaʻs devotee.]]
'''Bhaskararaya''' ({{IAST|Bhāskararāya Makhin}}) (1690–1785) is widely considered an authority on all questions pertaining to the worship of the Mother Goddess in [[Shaktism]]/[[Hinduism]]. He was born in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], was welcomed by king [[Serfoji II]] of Bhonsle dynasty in South India, and thereupon he settled in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Brooks1990"/> According to Douglas Renfrew Brooks, a professor of Religion specializing in [[Shaktism]] studies, Bhaskararaya was "not only a brilliant interpreter of Srividya, he was an encyclopedic writer", and that he was a "thinker who had the wealth of Tantric and Vedic traditions at his fingertips".<ref name="Brooks1990">{{cite book|author=Douglas Renfrew Brooks|title=Secret of the Three Cities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXD8crHUdPQC |year=1990|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-07570-9|pages=x–xii}}</ref> He belonged to the Srividya tradition of the Shakta Tantrism.<ref>{{cite book|author=Douglas Renfrew Brooks|title=Auspicious Wisdom: The Texts and Traditions of Srividya Sakta Tantrism in South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oo_cEGxebREC |year=1992|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1145-2|page=23}}</ref>
'''Bhāskararāya Makhin''' (1690–1785) was a religious exponent and writer known for his contributions to the [[Shaktism|Shakta]] tradition of [[Hinduism]]. He was born in a [[Maharashtrian Brahmin|Maharashtrian]] Brahmin<ref>{{cite book |author= Martin Gaenszle, Jorg Gengnagel (Ed.) |title= Visualizing Space in Banaras: Images, Maps, and the Practice of Representation |year= 2006 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cMJMNvvpEuYC&dq=Visualizing%20Space%20in%20Banaras%3A%20Images%2C%20Maps%2C%20and%20the%20Practice%20of%20Representation&pg=PA90 |publisher= Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn= 978-3447051873 |page=90}}</ref> family at [[Hyderabad, Telangana]]. Bhaskara raya was welcomed by king [[Serfoji II]] of Bhonsle dynasty in South India, and thereupon he settled in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Brooks1990"/> According to Douglas Renfrew Brooks, a professor of Religion specializing in [[Shaktism]] studies, Bhāskararāya was "not only a brilliant interpreter of Srividya, he was an encyclopedic writer", and that he was a "thinker who had the wealth of Tantric and Vedic traditions at his fingertips".<ref name="Brooks1990">{{cite book|author=Douglas Renfrew Brooks|title=Secret of the Three Cities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXD8crHUdPQC |year=1990|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-07570-9|pages=x–xii}}</ref> He belonged to the Srividya tradition of the Shakta Tantrism.<ref>{{cite book|author=Douglas Renfrew Brooks|title=Auspicious Wisdom: The Texts and Traditions of Srividya Sakta Tantrism in South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oo_cEGxebREC |year=1992|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1145-2|page=23}}</ref>


Bhaskararaya is the attributed author of more than 40 and range from [[Vedanta]] to poems of devotion and from [[Indian logic]] and [[Sanskrit grammar]] to the studies of [[Tantra]].<ref name=brooksxiii>{{cite book|author=Douglas Renfrew Brooks|title=Secret of the Three Cities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXD8crHUdPQC |year=1990|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-07570-9|pages=xiii–xiv}}</ref> Several of his texts are considered particularly notable to the [[Shaktism]] tradition, one focussed on the Mother Goddess:
Bhāskararāya is the attributed author of more than 40 writings that range from [[Vedanta]] to poems of devotion, from [[Indian logic]] and [[Sanskrit grammar]] to the studies of [[Tantra]].<ref name=brooksxiii>{{cite book|author=Douglas Renfrew Brooks|title=Secret of the Three Cities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXD8crHUdPQC |year=1990|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-07570-9|pages=xiii–xiv}}</ref> Several of his texts are considered particularly notable to the [[Shaktism]] tradition, one focussed on the Mother Goddess:


*Commentary on ''[[Tripura Upanishad]]'' and ''[[Bhavana Upanishad]]''<ref name=brooksxiii/>
*Commentary on ''[[Tripura Upanishad]]'' and ''[[Bhavana Upanishad]]''<ref name=brooksxiii/>
*Commentary on ''[[Devi Mahatmya]]'', titled ''[https://sreenivasaraos.com/tag/guptavati/ Guptavati]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=D Kali|title=Devimahatmyam: In Praise of the Goddess|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nQREXy8bVMgC |year=2006|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-2953-4|page=18}}</ref> Bhaskararaya, in his Guptavati, offers comments on 224 out of the 579 verses of the Devi Mahatmya.
*Commentary on ''[[Devi Mahatmya]]'', titled ''[https://sreenivasaraos.com/tag/guptavati/ Guptavati]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=D Kali|title=Devimahatmyam: In Praise of the Goddess|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nQREXy8bVMgC |year=2006|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-2953-4|page=18}}</ref> Bhaskara raya, in his Guptavati, offers comments on 224 out of the 579 verses of the Devi Mahatmya.
*''Varivasya Rahasya'',<ref>Śrī Bhāskararāya Makhin. Varivasyā-Rahasya and Its Commentary Prakāśa. Edited with English Translation by Pandit S. Subrahmanya-Sastri. The Adyar Library Series: Volume Twenty-Eight. (The Adyar Library and Research Center: Adyar, Chennai, 1976) {{ISBN|81-85141-30-4}}.  First Edition, 1934.  This edition provides the full Sanskrit text for the Varivasyā-Rahasya and its associated commentary Prakāśa, both by the hand of Bhāskararāya.</ref> is a commentary on Sri Vidya mantra and worship. The ''Varivasya Rahasya'' contains 167 ślokas numbered consecutively.  It has an accompanying commentary entitled "Prakāśa", also by Bhaskararaya.
*''Varivasya Rahasya'',<ref>Śrī Bhāskararāya Makhin. Varivasyā-Rahasya and Its Commentary Prakāśa. Edited with English Translation by Pandit S. Subrahmanya-Sastri. The Adyar Library Series: Volume Twenty-Eight. (The Adyar Library and Research Center: Adyar, Chennai, 1976) {{ISBN|81-85141-30-4}}.  First Edition, 1934.  This edition provides the full Sanskrit text for the Varivasyā-Rahasya and its associated commentary Prakāśa, both by the hand of Bhāskararāya.</ref> is a commentary on Sri Vidya mantra and worship. The ''Varivasya Rahasya'' contains 167 ślokas numbered consecutively.  It has an accompanying commentary entitled "Prakāśa", also by Bhaskara raya.
*''Setubandha'' is a technical treatise on Tantric practice. It is his ''magnum opus''. It is a commentary on a portion of the Vāmakeśvara-tantra dealing with the external and internal worship of [[Tripura Sundari]]. This work was completed either in 1733 AD or in 1741 AD.
*''Setubandha'' is a technical treatise on Tantric practice. It is his ''magnum opus''. It is a commentary on a portion of the Vāmakeśvara-tantra dealing with the external and internal worship of [[Tripura Sundari]]. This work was completed either in 1733 AD or in 1741 AD.
*"Soubhāgyabhāskara"is a commentary (bhāsya) on ''[[Lalita Sahasranama]]''.<ref>Lalitāsahasranāma, With Bhāskararāya's Commentary.  English Translation By R. Ananthakrishna Sastry. (Gian Publishing House: Delhi, 1986) This edition provides the full Sanskrit text plus English interpretation.</ref><ref>L. M. Joshi. Lalitā-Sahasranāma: A Comprehensive Study of Lalitā-Mahā-Tripurasundarī. (D. K. Printworld Ltd.: New Delhi, 1998) {{ISBN|81-246-0104-6}}. Provides an English translation based on Bhāskararāya's Commentary, with references to the Sanskrit source.</ref> This work was completed in 1728 AD.
*"Soubhāgyabhāskara"is a commentary (bhāsya) on ''[[Lalita Sahasranama]]''.<ref>Lalitāsahasranāma, With Bhāskararāya's Commentary.  English Translation By R. Ananthakrishna Sastry. (Gian Publishing House: Delhi, 1986) This edition provides the full Sanskrit text plus English interpretation.</ref><ref>L. M. Joshi. Lalitā-Sahasranāma: A Comprehensive Study of Lalitā-Mahā-Tripurasundarī. (D. K. Printworld Ltd.: New Delhi, 1998) {{ISBN|81-246-0104-6}}. Provides an English translation based on Bhāskararāya's Commentary, with references to the Sanskrit source.</ref> This work was completed in 1728 AD.
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His ''Khadyota'' ("Firefly") commentary on the ''[[Ganesha Sahasranama]]'' is considered authoritative by [[Ganapatya]].<ref>{{IAST|Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta ‘khadyota’ vārtika sahita}}.  ({{IAST|Prācya Prakāśana: Vārāṇasī}}, 1991).  Includes the full source text and the commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit.</ref>  
His ''Khadyota'' ("Firefly") commentary on the ''[[Ganesha Sahasranama]]'' is considered authoritative by [[Ganapatya]].<ref>{{IAST|Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta ‘khadyota’ vārtika sahita}}.  ({{IAST|Prācya Prakāśana: Vārāṇasī}}, 1991).  Includes the full source text and the commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit.</ref>  


The important events of Bhaskararay's life is written by his disciple Jagannath Pandit or Umanandnath in Bhaskaravilas Kavyam.<ref>https://archive.org/details/25.shrilalitasahasranamastotrambatuknathkhiste/page/n8/mode/1up</ref>
The important events of Bhāskararāya's life is written by his disciple Jagannath Paṇḍitor Umānandnātha in Bhaskaravilas Kavyam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/25.shrilalitasahasranamastotrambatuknathkhiste/page/n8/mode/1up|title = 25. Shri Lalita Sahasra Nama Stotram Batuk Nath Khiste}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaskararaya}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaskararaya}}
[[Category:1690 births]]
[[Category:1785 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Shaktas]]
[[Category:Shaktas]]
[[Category:18th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians|Bhaskara raya]]
[[Category:Hindu tantra]]
[[Category:1690 births|Bhaskara raya]]
[[Category:1785 deaths|Bhaskara raya]]

Latest revision as of 15:42, 10 January 2024


Template:Saktism

Bhaskararaya was Lalitaʻs devotee.

Bhāskararāya Makhin (1690–1785) was a religious exponent and writer known for his contributions to the Shakta tradition of Hinduism. He was born in a Maharashtrian Brahmin[1] family at Hyderabad, Telangana. Bhaskara raya was welcomed by king Serfoji II of Bhonsle dynasty in South India, and thereupon he settled in Tamil Nadu.[2] According to Douglas Renfrew Brooks, a professor of Religion specializing in Shaktism studies, Bhāskararāya was "not only a brilliant interpreter of Srividya, he was an encyclopedic writer", and that he was a "thinker who had the wealth of Tantric and Vedic traditions at his fingertips".[2] He belonged to the Srividya tradition of the Shakta Tantrism.[3]

Bhāskararāya is the attributed author of more than 40 writings that range from Vedanta to poems of devotion, from Indian logic and Sanskrit grammar to the studies of Tantra.[4] Several of his texts are considered particularly notable to the Shaktism tradition, one focussed on the Mother Goddess:

  • Commentary on Tripura Upanishad and Bhavana Upanishad[4]
  • Commentary on Devi Mahatmya, titled Guptavati.[5] Bhaskara raya, in his Guptavati, offers comments on 224 out of the 579 verses of the Devi Mahatmya.
  • Varivasya Rahasya,[6] is a commentary on Sri Vidya mantra and worship. The Varivasya Rahasya contains 167 ślokas numbered consecutively. It has an accompanying commentary entitled "Prakāśa", also by Bhaskara raya.
  • Setubandha is a technical treatise on Tantric practice. It is his magnum opus. It is a commentary on a portion of the Vāmakeśvara-tantra dealing with the external and internal worship of Tripura Sundari. This work was completed either in 1733 AD or in 1741 AD.
  • "Soubhāgyabhāskara"is a commentary (bhāsya) on Lalita Sahasranama.[7][8] This work was completed in 1728 AD.

His Khadyota ("Firefly") commentary on the Ganesha Sahasranama is considered authoritative by Ganapatya.[9]

The important events of Bhāskararāya's life is written by his disciple Jagannath Paṇḍitor Umānandnātha in Bhaskaravilas Kavyam.[10]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Martin Gaenszle, Jorg Gengnagel (Ed.) (2006). Visualizing Space in Banaras: Images, Maps, and the Practice of Representation. Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 90. ISBN 978-3447051873.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Douglas Renfrew Brooks (1990). Secret of the Three Cities. University of Chicago Press. pp. x–xii. ISBN 978-0-226-07570-9.
  3. ↑ Douglas Renfrew Brooks (1992). Auspicious Wisdom: The Texts and Traditions of Srividya Sakta Tantrism in South India. State University of New York Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7914-1145-2.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Douglas Renfrew Brooks (1990). Secret of the Three Cities. University of Chicago Press. pp. xiii–xiv. ISBN 978-0-226-07570-9.
  5. ↑ D Kali (2006). Devimahatmyam: In Praise of the Goddess. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-208-2953-4.
  6. ↑ Śrī Bhāskararāya Makhin. Varivasyā-Rahasya and Its Commentary Prakāśa. Edited with English Translation by Pandit S. Subrahmanya-Sastri. The Adyar Library Series: Volume Twenty-Eight. (The Adyar Library and Research Center: Adyar, Chennai, 1976) ISBN 81-85141-30-4. First Edition, 1934. This edition provides the full Sanskrit text for the Varivasyā-Rahasya and its associated commentary Prakāśa, both by the hand of Bhāskararāya.
  7. ↑ Lalitāsahasranāma, With Bhāskararāya's Commentary. English Translation By R. Ananthakrishna Sastry. (Gian Publishing House: Delhi, 1986) This edition provides the full Sanskrit text plus English interpretation.
  8. ↑ L. M. Joshi. Lalitā-Sahasranāma: A Comprehensive Study of Lalitā-Mahā-Tripurasundarī. (D. K. Printworld Ltd.: New Delhi, 1998) ISBN 81-246-0104-6. Provides an English translation based on Bhāskararāya's Commentary, with references to the Sanskrit source.
  9. ↑ Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta ‘khadyota’ vārtika sahita. (Prācya Prakāśana: Vārāṇasī, 1991). Includes the full source text and the commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit.
  10. ↑ "25. Shri Lalita Sahasra Nama Stotram Batuk Nath Khiste".
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