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Battle of Vellore: Difference between revisions
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Throughout this campaign, [[Shahaji]] collaborated actively with Mustafa Khan as mandated by the Sultan of Bijapur. [[Shahaji]]'s extensive knowledge of Karnataka's political landscape likely informed Mustafa Khan about the weakening of Bijapur's authority by the Mysore king in Turuvekere and his subsequent retreat from Piriyapatna. | Throughout this campaign, [[Shahaji]] collaborated actively with Mustafa Khan as mandated by the Sultan of Bijapur. [[Shahaji]]'s extensive knowledge of Karnataka's political landscape likely informed Mustafa Khan about the weakening of Bijapur's authority by the Mysore king in Turuvekere and his subsequent retreat from Piriyapatna. | ||
==Battle== | |||
After the Battle of Turuvekere in January 1647, Mustafa Khan led his army eastwards towards Sri Ranga's territories, advancing swiftly to Sivaganga in [[Bangalore]] District. On Muslim army's approach, Sri Ranga dispatched his envoy, Venkaiya Somayaji, with peace offerings, hoping to avert an invasion. However, the situation escalated when former vassals of Sri Ranga—chiefs from Madura, Tanjore, and Singee—pledged their allegiance to the Bijapur Government. This political shift angered Sri Ranga, prompting him to march with a force against these rebellious chiefs, comprising 12,000 cavalry and 300,000 infantry. | |||
Mustafa Khan, recognizing the diplomatic maneuvers, cautiously assessed the situation, trusting peace offers from Sri Ranga's envoy. Despite initial distrust, Venkaiya Somayaji , eventually convincing Khan to consider the peace proposal. [[Shahaji]], a figure in Khan's camp, carried the negotiations, assuring Khan of Venkaiya's loyalty. This led to Venkaiya securing permission to travel to Vellore with the Bijapur envoy to finalize peace terms. | |||
However, Venkaiya Somayaji proved treacherous; instead of following his promise, he convinced [[Sri Ranga III]] to prepare for war, urging defensive measures and fortification. Upon learning of this betrayal, Mustafa Khan swiftly moved his forces towards Sri Ranga's territories, performing military actions. Mustafa Khan first targeted Jagdev Raya's territories, capturing Masti, located approximately 30 miles east of [[Bangalore]]. Sri Ranga responded by moving northward to Gudiyatam in the North Arcot District and later reaching Krishnagiri in the northwest of Salem District.[[Shahaji]] won the day for Bijapur as he was in command of the army, properly reinforced by Mustafa Khan. | |||
A turning point occurred with the arrival of Mir Jumla, a general from Golkonda, bolstering the Muslim forces. Together, the armies of Bijapur and Golkonda intensified their efforts against Sri Ranga. Financially strained, Sri Ranga resorted to seizing jewels from women in [[Vellore]] and funds from the temple of Tirupati to fund the war effort. | |||
Under Mir Jumla's leadership, supported by Mustafa Khan and [[Shahaji]], the Muslim forces prepared for a decisive battle near Vellore. The ensuing conflict was fierce, resulting in heavy casualties among Sri Ranga's forces. Facing defeat, Sri Ranga had no choice but to surrender to Mustafa Khan's superior might. As part of the terms, Sri Ranga paid a substantial war indemnity of 50 lakhs of hun and offered 150 elephants . | |||
In summary, Mustafa Khan's campaign against Sri Ranga Raya in 1647 was successful with the surrender of [[Sri Ranga III]] under pressure from combined Bijapur and Golkonda forces. | |||
Revision as of 11:19, 29 June 2025
| Battle of Vellore | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Deccan Sultanates–Vijayanagara conflicts | |||||||||
 Map of the Bijapur Sultanate during the Southern expansion of 1646–1656. | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Bijapur Sultanate Golconda Sultanate |
 Vijayanagara Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Mustafa Khan Shahaji Mir Julam |
Sriranga III  Jagadeva † Venkaiya (POW) | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown |
300000 infantry 12000 Cavalry | ||||||||
Shahaji met Mustafa at Honnali
Mustafa Khan journeyed through Gadag and Lakshmeswar, arriving at Honnali, located 12 miles west of Basavapatna, where he encountered Shahaji and Asad Khan. These two had been dispatched earlier to safeguard Karnataka's borders.
On October 3, 1646, Mustafa Khan departed from Honnali. The next day, Shivappa Nayaka of Ikkeri arrived with 1000 horse and 2000 foot soldiers to support Mustafa Khan in his campaign to conquer Karnataka. After providing his forces to the general, Shivappa Nayaka stationed himself on the geographic boundaries of the Mysore kingdom, amassing 1000 horse and 30,000 foot soldiers to deter any aggression from the Mysore king against Muslim territorial gains.
Soon after, the rafa of Harpanahalli joined the Bijapur army, adding 30,000 horse and 2000 foot soldiers. Strengthened by reinforcements from local chieftains, Mustafa Khan, accompanied by Shahajiand others, reached Sakkarepatna in Shimoga district. There, additional leaders such as Husaini, Ambar Khan, Jujhar Rao, Abali Ghatge, Chikka Hanumappa Nayaka (brother of Kenge Nayaka), and the Desais of Lakshmeswar and Kopal, including Balaji Haibat Rao, joined with their contingents totaling 300 horse and 20,000 foot soldiers.
Throughout this campaign, Shahaji collaborated actively with Mustafa Khan as mandated by the Sultan of Bijapur. Shahaji's extensive knowledge of Karnataka's political landscape likely informed Mustafa Khan about the weakening of Bijapur's authority by the Mysore king in Turuvekere and his subsequent retreat from Piriyapatna.
Battle
After the Battle of Turuvekere in January 1647, Mustafa Khan led his army eastwards towards Sri Ranga's territories, advancing swiftly to Sivaganga in Bangalore District. On Muslim army's approach, Sri Ranga dispatched his envoy, Venkaiya Somayaji, with peace offerings, hoping to avert an invasion. However, the situation escalated when former vassals of Sri Ranga—chiefs from Madura, Tanjore, and Singee—pledged their allegiance to the Bijapur Government. This political shift angered Sri Ranga, prompting him to march with a force against these rebellious chiefs, comprising 12,000 cavalry and 300,000 infantry.
Mustafa Khan, recognizing the diplomatic maneuvers, cautiously assessed the situation, trusting peace offers from Sri Ranga's envoy. Despite initial distrust, Venkaiya Somayaji , eventually convincing Khan to consider the peace proposal. Shahaji, a figure in Khan's camp, carried the negotiations, assuring Khan of Venkaiya's loyalty. This led to Venkaiya securing permission to travel to Vellore with the Bijapur envoy to finalize peace terms.
However, Venkaiya Somayaji proved treacherous; instead of following his promise, he convinced Sri Ranga III to prepare for war, urging defensive measures and fortification. Upon learning of this betrayal, Mustafa Khan swiftly moved his forces towards Sri Ranga's territories, performing military actions. Mustafa Khan first targeted Jagdev Raya's territories, capturing Masti, located approximately 30 miles east of Bangalore. Sri Ranga responded by moving northward to Gudiyatam in the North Arcot District and later reaching Krishnagiri in the northwest of Salem District.Shahaji won the day for Bijapur as he was in command of the army, properly reinforced by Mustafa Khan.
A turning point occurred with the arrival of Mir Jumla, a general from Golkonda, bolstering the Muslim forces. Together, the armies of Bijapur and Golkonda intensified their efforts against Sri Ranga. Financially strained, Sri Ranga resorted to seizing jewels from women in Vellore and funds from the temple of Tirupati to fund the war effort.
Under Mir Jumla's leadership, supported by Mustafa Khan and Shahaji, the Muslim forces prepared for a decisive battle near Vellore. The ensuing conflict was fierce, resulting in heavy casualties among Sri Ranga's forces. Facing defeat, Sri Ranga had no choice but to surrender to Mustafa Khan's superior might. As part of the terms, Sri Ranga paid a substantial war indemnity of 50 lakhs of hun and offered 150 elephants .
In summary, Mustafa Khan's campaign against Sri Ranga Raya in 1647 was successful with the surrender of Sri Ranga III under pressure from combined Bijapur and Golkonda forces.