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{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}} | {{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}} | ||
{{use Indian English|date=November 2016}} | {{use Indian English|date=November 2016}} | ||
{{other uses|Suda (disambiguation)|Souda (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| name = Sudas | | name = Sudas | ||
| | | succession = [[Raja]] of the [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharatas]] and [[List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes|Tritsu]] | ||
| | |||
| reign = 14th century BCE | | reign = 14th century BCE | ||
| predecessor = [[Divodasa]]? | |||
| spouse = Sudevī | | spouse = Sudevī | ||
| house = [[Bharatas]] | | house = [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharata]] | ||
| house-type = Dynasty | | house-type = Dynasty | ||
| father = Pijavana or [[Divodasa]] | | father = Pijavana or [[Divodasa]] | ||
| religion = [[Historical Vedic Religion]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sudās Pijavana''' was an [[Rigvedic tribes|Indo-Aryan]] tribal king of the [[Bhāratas|Bharatas]] during the main or middle [[Rigveda|Rigvedic period]] (c. 14th century BCE).<ref>Witzel, Michael (2000). "The Languages of Harappa". In Kenoyer, J.. ''Proceedings of the conference on the Indus civilization.''</ref> He led his tribe to victory in the [[Battle of the Ten Kings]] near the Paruṣṇī (modern [[Ravi River]]) in [[Punjab region|Punjab]],{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=1}} defeating an alliance of the powerful [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]] tribe with other tribes, for which he was eulogized by his [[purohita]] [[Vashistha]] in a hymn of the Rigveda. His victory established the ascendency of the Bhārata clan, allowing them to move eastwards and settle in [[Kurukshetra]], paving the way for the emergence of the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] "super-tribe" or tribal union, which dominated northern India in the subsequent period. {{peacock term|date=February 2024}}<ref>Witzel, Michael (1995), "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state", ''EJVS vol. 1 no. 4'' (1995)</ref> | |||
'''Sudās | |||
== Family == | == Family == | ||
Sudās' ancestors include Pijavana, [[Divodasa|Divodāsa Atithigva]], and Devavant, although scholars disagree regarding the order of these ancestors chronologically.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Witzel|first=Michael|title=The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity|publisher=De Gruyter|year=1995|editor-last=Erdosy|editor-first=George|pages=216|chapter=Ṛgvedic history: poets, chieftains and polities}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Palihawadana|first=Mahinda|date=2017|title=The Indra Cult as Ideology: A Clue to Power Struggle in an Ancient Society|url=|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=37}}</ref> According to [[Michael Witzel|Witzel]], Divodāsa was the father of Sudās, but he includes Pijavana on the grid of Bharata descent as a possible ancestor between Divodāsa and Sudās.{{Sfn|Witzel|1995|p=216, 248}} Palihawadana also places Pijavana on his grid of Bharata descent between Divodāsa and Sudas, but only states that Sudās was a descendant of Pijavana.{{Sfn|Palihawadana|2017|p=37}} | Sudās' ancestors include Pijavana, [[Divodasa|Divodāsa Atithigva]], and Devavant, although scholars disagree regarding the order of these ancestors chronologically.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Witzel|first=Michael|title=The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity|publisher=De Gruyter|year=1995|editor-last=Erdosy|editor-first=George|pages=216|chapter=Ṛgvedic history: poets, chieftains and polities}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Palihawadana|first=Mahinda|date=2017|title=The Indra Cult as Ideology: A Clue to Power Struggle in an Ancient Society|url=|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=37}}</ref> According to [[Michael Witzel|Witzel]], Divodāsa was the father of Sudās, but he includes Pijavana on the grid of Bharata descent as a possible ancestor between Divodāsa and Sudās.{{Sfn|Witzel|1995|p=216, 248}} Palihawadana also places Pijavana on his grid of Bharata descent between Divodāsa and Sudas, but only states that Sudās was a descendant of Pijavana.{{Sfn|Palihawadana|2017|p=37}} | ||
He was married to Sudevī, who is stated to have been given to Sudās by the [[Ashvins]].<ref>{{Cite book| | He was married to Sudevī, who is stated {{who|date=February 2024}} to have been given to Sudās by the [[Ashvins]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Macdonell|first1=Arthur Anthony|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects|last2=Keith|first2=Arthur Berriedale|publisher=John Murray|year=1921|pages=454}}</ref> | ||
== | ==Rigveda== | ||
{{Main|Battle of the Ten Kings}} | {{Main|Battle of the Ten Kings}} | ||
Sudas is mentioned in ''[[Rigveda]]'' as the chief of Bharatas who conquered the ten-kings confederacy.{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=1}} It is further mentioned that the king replaced [[ | Sudas is mentioned in ''[[Rigveda]]'' as the chief of Bharatas who conquered the ten-kings confederacy.{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=1}} It is further mentioned that the king had replaced [[Vishwamitra]] with [[Vasishtha]] as his priest, | ||
with [[ | thereby creating a rivalry between the two. The ten-kings, viz. [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]], [[Yadu]], Turvasu, Anu, [[Druhyu]], Alina, [[Paktha]], Bhalanas, Siva and Vishanin, then revolted against Sudas but were defeated by him. He also fought Ajas, | ||
thereby creating a rivalry between the two. The ten-kings, viz. [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]], [[Yadu]], | |||
Sigrus and Yakshus soon after.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=41}} | Sigrus and Yakshus soon after.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=41}} | ||
| Line 40: | Line 39: | ||
===Sources=== | ===Sources=== | ||
* {{citation |last=Mookerji |first=Radha Kumud |authorlink=Radha Kumud Mukherjee |title=Chandragupta Maurya and his times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C |edition=4th |year=1988 | | * {{citation |last=Mookerji |first=Radha Kumud |authorlink=Radha Kumud Mukherjee |title=Chandragupta Maurya and his times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C |edition=4th |year=1988 |orig-date=first published in 1966 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=81-208-0433-3 }} | ||
* {{citation |last=Sen |first=Sailendra Nath |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC |year=1999 | | * {{citation |last=Sen |first=Sailendra Nath |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC |year=1999 |orig-date=1988 |publisher=New Age International Publishers |edition=Second |isbn=81-224-1198-3 }} | ||
{{hindu-bio-stub}} | {{hindu-bio-stub}} | ||
[[Category:Rigveda]] | [[Category:Rigveda]] | ||
[[Category:14th-century BC Indian monarchs]] | [[Category:14th-century BC monarchs in Asia]] | ||
[[Category:Ancient Indian monarchs]] | |||
[[Category:Bharatas]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:24, 29 March 2026
| Sudas | |
|---|---|
| Raja of the Bharatas and Tritsu | |
| Reign | 14th century BCE |
| Predecessor | Divodasa? |
| Spouse | Sudevī |
| Dynasty | Bharata |
| Father | Pijavana or Divodasa |
| Religion | Historical Vedic Religion |
Sudās Pijavana was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE).[1] He led his tribe to victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings near the Paruṣṇī (modern Ravi River) in Punjab,[2] defeating an alliance of the powerful Puru tribe with other tribes, for which he was eulogized by his purohita Vashistha in a hymn of the Rigveda. His victory established the ascendency of the Bhārata clan, allowing them to move eastwards and settle in Kurukshetra, paving the way for the emergence of the Kuru "super-tribe" or tribal union, which dominated northern India in the subsequent period. [peacock term][3]
Family[edit | edit source]
Sudās' ancestors include Pijavana, Divodāsa Atithigva, and Devavant, although scholars disagree regarding the order of these ancestors chronologically.[4][5] According to Witzel, Divodāsa was the father of Sudās, but he includes Pijavana on the grid of Bharata descent as a possible ancestor between Divodāsa and Sudās.[6] Palihawadana also places Pijavana on his grid of Bharata descent between Divodāsa and Sudas, but only states that Sudās was a descendant of Pijavana.[7]
He was married to Sudevī, who is stated [who?] to have been given to Sudās by the Ashvins.[8]
Rigveda[edit | edit source]
Sudas is mentioned in Rigveda as the chief of Bharatas who conquered the ten-kings confederacy.[2] It is further mentioned that the king had replaced Vishwamitra with Vasishtha as his priest, thereby creating a rivalry between the two. The ten-kings, viz. Puru, Yadu, Turvasu, Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha, Bhalanas, Siva and Vishanin, then revolted against Sudas but were defeated by him. He also fought Ajas, Sigrus and Yakshus soon after.[9]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Witzel, Michael (2000). "The Languages of Harappa". In Kenoyer, J.. Proceedings of the conference on the Indus civilization.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mookerji 1988, p. 1.
- ↑ Witzel, Michael (1995), "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state", EJVS vol. 1 no. 4 (1995)
- ↑ Witzel, Michael (1995). "Ṛgvedic history: poets, chieftains and polities". In Erdosy, George (ed.). The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. De Gruyter. p. 216.
- ↑ Palihawadana, Mahinda (2017). "The Indra Cult as Ideology: A Clue to Power Struggle in an Ancient Society". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 24 (2): 37.
- ↑ Witzel 1995, p. 216, 248.
- ↑ Palihawadana 2017, p. 37.
- ↑ Macdonell, Arthur Anthony; Keith, Arthur Berriedale (1921). Vedic Index of Names and Subjects. John Murray. p. 454.
- ↑ Sen 1999, p. 41.
Sources[edit | edit source]
- Mookerji, Radha Kumud (1988) [first published in 1966], Chandragupta Maurya and his times (4th ed.), Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0433-3
- Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [1988], Ancient Indian History and Civilization (Second ed.), New Age International Publishers, ISBN 81-224-1198-3
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