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{{Short description|Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh, India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox protected area | {{Infobox protected area | ||
|name=Kolleru Bird Sanctuary in | | name = Kolleru Bird Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh | ||
|alt_name= | | alt_name = | ||
|iucn_category=IV | | iucn_category = IV | ||
| | | image = File:Egrets in AP W IMG 3792.jpg | ||
| | | image_size = | ||
| | | image_alt = | ||
| | | image_caption = Birds near Kolleru Lake | ||
|map=India Andhra Pradesh | | map = India Andhra Pradesh#India | ||
|map_alt= | | map_alt = | ||
|map_caption=Kolleru Bird Sanctuary | | map_caption = Kolleru Bird Sanctuary | ||
|map_width= | | map_width = | ||
|location=[[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]] | | relief = 1 | ||
|nearest_city=[[Eluru]] | | mapframe = Yes | ||
| | | mapframe-zoom = 9 | ||
|coords_ref=<ref name="Ramsar1" /> |area={{convert|673|km2|acre|abbr=on}} | | location = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]] | ||
|established={{Start date|1999|11}} | | nearest_city = [[Eluru]] | ||
|governing_body=[[Andhra Pradesh Forest Department]] | | coordinates = {{coord|16|37|N|81|12|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | ||
|url= | | | coords_ref = <ref name="Ramsar1" /> | ||
| area = {{convert|673|km2|acre|abbr=on}} | |||
| established = {{Start date|1999|11}} | |||
| governing_body = [[Andhra Pradesh Forest Department]] | |||
| url = | |||
| module = {{Designation list | |||
| embed = yes | | embed = yes | ||
| designation1 = Ramsar | | designation1 = Ramsar | ||
| designation1_date = 19 August 2002<ref name="Ramsar1" /> | | designation1_date = 19 August 2002<ref name="Ramsar1" /> | ||
}}}} | }} | ||
'''Kolleru Bird Sanctuary''' is a [[sanctuary]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. It covers 673 square kilometers. It was established in November 1999, under the ''[[Wildlife Protection Act of 1972]]''. The sanctuary protects part of the [[Kolleru Lake]] wetland, which gained [[Ramsar Convention]] for International importance in 2002.<ref name="Ramsar1">{{cite web|title=Kolleru Lake|url=http://www.ramsar.org/kolleru-lake|website=Ramsar Wetlands|publisher=Ramsar|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanctuariesindia.com/kolleru-bird-sanctuary|title=Kolleru Bird Sanctuary|website=www.sanctuariesindia.com|publisher=}}</ref> | }} | ||
'''Kolleru Bird Sanctuary''' is a [[sanctuary]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. It covers 673 square kilometers. It was established in November 1999, under the ''[[Wildlife Protection Act of 1972]]''. The sanctuary protects part of the [[Kolleru Lake]] wetland, which gained [[Ramsar Convention]] for International importance in 2002.<ref name="Ramsar1">{{cite web|title=Kolleru Lake|url=http://www.ramsar.org/kolleru-lake|website=Ramsar Wetlands|publisher=Ramsar|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanctuariesindia.com/kolleru-bird-sanctuary|title=Kolleru Bird Sanctuary|website=www.sanctuariesindia.com|publisher=|access-date=15 April 2016|archive-date=12 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512091905/http://www.sanctuariesindia.com/kolleru-bird-sanctuary/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
| Line 31: | Line 38: | ||
== Flora == | == Flora == | ||
The main flora of the sanctuary is ''[[Phragmites]] karka'',<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=o7YICQAAQBAJ | The main flora of the sanctuary is ''[[Phragmites]] karka'',<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=o7YICQAAQBAJ&dq=phragmites+karka+kolleru+lake&pg=PA382 Wetlands of the World I: Inventory, Ecology and Management] edited by Dennis F. Whigham, D. Dykyjová, S. Hejný (page-382)</ref> a weed that grows up to 10 feet in height and that offers shelter for some species of [[birds]]. The aquatic vegetation includes species such as ''[[Nymphaea lotus|Nymphaeae nouchali]]'', ''[[Nymphoides indica|Nyphoides indicum]]'', ''[[Ottelia alismoides]]'', ''[[Nechamandra alternifolia]]'', ''[[Limnophila indica]]'', ''[[Vallisneria spiralis]]'', ''[[Blyxa octandra]]'', ''[[Ipomoea aquatica]]'', ''[[Scirpus articulatus]]'', ''[[Paspalidium germinatum]]'', ''[[Typha angustifolia|Typha angustata]]'', and ''[[Phragmites|Phragmites karka]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cpreec.org/67.htm|title=C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre|last=Kolleru Lake|first=Flora|website=www.cpreec.org|publisher=|access-date=19 April 2016|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419112817/http://cpreec.org/67.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
== Contour dispute == | == Contour dispute == | ||
[[Contour line|Contours]] are lines drawn on a map, joining points of equal height above the sea level ([[mean sea level]]). In the past, the water level in the lake was between contour 7 and 10 during the monsoon, and it fell to contour 3 during the dry season. The area in contour 3 is 135 square kilometres and the area in contour 10 is 901 square kilometres. | [[Contour line|Contours]] are lines drawn on a map, joining points of equal height above the sea level ([[mean sea level]]). In the past, the water level in the lake was between contour 7 and 10 during the monsoon, and it fell to contour 3 during the dry season. The area in contour 3 is 135 square kilometres and the area in contour 10 is 901 square kilometres. | ||
These conditions do not prevail any more with fish tanks and roads occupying most of the lake. The local fishing community known as [[Suryavansha]] [[Vaddi]]s<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/5854/panchayat-reigns-supreme|title=Panchayat reigns supreme|last=Kolleru lake | These conditions do not prevail any more with fish tanks and roads occupying most of the lake. The local fishing community known as [[Suryavansha]] [[Vaddi]]s<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/5854/panchayat-reigns-supreme|title=Panchayat reigns supreme|last=Kolleru lake|website=www.indiaenvironmentportal.org|publisher=}}</ref> say that from the times of 13th century during [[Eastern Ganga Dynasty]] rule they have had descendant rights on Kolleru Lake; they have appealed to the government to decrease from +5 contour (308 km<sup>2</sup>) to +3 contour (135 km<sup>2</sup>), asserting that they were protectors of birds from [[Narasimhadeva I|Langula Gajapathi Raju]] period.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WbQBAAAAYAAJ&dq=kolleti+kota&pg=PA279 The imperial gazetteer of India, Volume 8] by Sir William Wilson Hunter</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 46: | Line 53: | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{Commons category|Kolleru Bird Sanctuary}} | {{Commons category|Kolleru Bird Sanctuary}} | ||
*[http://aptdc.gov.in/special-tours/kolleru_waterlake.html Kolleru Water Lake Tourism Site] | *[http://aptdc.gov.in/special-tours/kolleru_waterlake.html Kolleru Water Lake Tourism Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820024023/http://aptdc.gov.in/special-tours/kolleru_waterlake.html |date=20 August 2016 }} | ||
*[http://news-express.in/news/committee-makes-secret-visit-to-kolleru-37372/ Committee makes secret visit to Kolleru] | *[http://news-express.in/news/committee-makes-secret-visit-to-kolleru-37372/ Committee makes secret visit to Kolleru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603193538/http://news-express.in/news/committee-makes-secret-visit-to-kolleru-37372/ |date=3 June 2016 }} | ||
*[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/ap-seeks-changes-in-contours-of-kolleru-wildlife-sanctuary/article6722672.ece Ap seeks changes in contours of kolleru wild life sanctuary] | *[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/ap-seeks-changes-in-contours-of-kolleru-wildlife-sanctuary/article6722672.ece Ap seeks changes in contours of kolleru wild life sanctuary] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:13, 23 February 2026
| Kolleru Bird Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh | |
|---|---|
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
  Kolleru Bird Sanctuary  Kolleru Bird Sanctuary (India) | |
| Location | Andhra Pradesh, India |
| Nearest city | Eluru |
| Coordinates | 16°37′N 81°12′E / 16.617°N 81.200°E[1] |
| Area | 673 km2 (166,000 acres) |
| Established | November 1999 |
| Governing body | Andhra Pradesh Forest Department |
Kolleru Bird Sanctuary is a sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh, India. It covers 673 square kilometers. It was established in November 1999, under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. The sanctuary protects part of the Kolleru Lake wetland, which gained Ramsar Convention for International importance in 2002.[1][2]
Geography[edit | edit source]
Kolleru Bird Sanctuary is located in the Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh between the River Krishna and River Godavari deltas spread over 10 to 25 km from Eluru City.[3]
Flora[edit | edit source]
The main flora of the sanctuary is Phragmites karka,[4] a weed that grows up to 10 feet in height and that offers shelter for some species of birds. The aquatic vegetation includes species such as Nymphaeae nouchali, Nyphoides indicum, Ottelia alismoides, Nechamandra alternifolia, Limnophila indica, Vallisneria spiralis, Blyxa octandra, Ipomoea aquatica, Scirpus articulatus, Paspalidium germinatum, Typha angustata, and Phragmites karka.[5]
Contour dispute[edit | edit source]
Contours are lines drawn on a map, joining points of equal height above the sea level (mean sea level). In the past, the water level in the lake was between contour 7 and 10 during the monsoon, and it fell to contour 3 during the dry season. The area in contour 3 is 135 square kilometres and the area in contour 10 is 901 square kilometres.
These conditions do not prevail any more with fish tanks and roads occupying most of the lake. The local fishing community known as Suryavansha Vaddis[6] say that from the times of 13th century during Eastern Ganga Dynasty rule they have had descendant rights on Kolleru Lake; they have appealed to the government to decrease from +5 contour (308 km2) to +3 contour (135 km2), asserting that they were protectors of birds from Langula Gajapathi Raju period.[7]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Kolleru Lake". Ramsar Wetlands. Ramsar. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ↑ "Kolleru Bird Sanctuary". www.sanctuariesindia.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ↑ Ramsar convention, Wet land. "Kolleru Lake". www.rainwaterharvesting.org.
- ↑ Wetlands of the World I: Inventory, Ecology and Management edited by Dennis F. Whigham, D. Dykyjová, S. Hejný (page-382)
- ↑ Kolleru Lake, Flora. "C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre". www.cpreec.org. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ↑ Kolleru lake. "Panchayat reigns supreme". www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.
- ↑ The imperial gazetteer of India, Volume 8 by Sir William Wilson Hunter
External links[edit | edit source]
- Kolleru Water Lake Tourism Site Archived 20 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Committee makes secret visit to Kolleru Archived 3 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Ap seeks changes in contours of kolleru wild life sanctuary
Template:Wildlife sanctuaries of Andhra Pradesh Template:Protected areas of Andhra Pradesh