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{{Short description|Feudatories in the Chola dynasty}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}} | ||
{| | {{Royal house | ||
| | | name = Pazhuvettaraiyar | ||
| | | type = Feudatory rulers | ||
| | | country = [[Chola Empire]] | ||
| founded = | |||
| founder = | |||
| dissolution = | |||
| final_ruler = | |||
| titles = | |||
| cadet_branches = | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.jpg|thumb|[[Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur]]]] | |||
The '''Pazhuvettaraiyar''' were one of the feudatories of the medieval [[Chola|Cholas]] in southern India. They ruled over the regions of Kizha-Pazhuvur, Mela-Pazhuvur and Keezhaiyur in the [[Ariyalur taluk]] of the [[Ariyalur district]] in present-day [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="heritage" /> | |||
They contributed significantly to the local temples through various benefactions and were known to have been related to the imperial Cholas by marriage.<ref name="heritage">{{cite book |title=The Heritage of Indian Art Series |author=Bhulabhai Memorial Institute, Bombay |publisher=N.M. Tripathi Private., 1963 |page=29}}</ref> | |||
== Origins == | |||
[[File:ASI Information Board, Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.jpg|thumb|ASI Information Board, Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.]] | |||
[[File:Paluvettaraiyar.JPG|thumb|Pazhuvettaraiyar temple in Mela-Pazhuvur, Ariyalur.]] | |||
According to the Anbil Plates of [[Sundara Chola]], his paternal grandmother—the queen of [[Parantaka I]] and the mother of [[Arinjaya Chola|Arinjaya]]—was a member of the Pazhuvettaraiyar family.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=The early Chōḷas history, art, and culture|author=S. Swaminathan|publisher=Sharada Pub. House, 1998|page=78}}</ref> She is described as the daughter of a "Chera mandala" prince called "Pazhuvettaraiyar". This suggests that the Pazhuvettaraiyar were of Chera or Kerala origin.<ref name="heritage" /> | |||
According to the | |||
However, it is unclear whether they already possessed the regions of Kizha-Pazhuvur, Mela-Pazhuvur, and Keezhaiyur or if these dominions were granted to them after their alliance with the [[Chola|Cholas]].<ref name="heritage" /> | |||
==Epigraphical records== | |||
About a dozen records | About a dozen inscriptional records related to the Pazhuvettaraiyar family have been found. According to these inscriptions, copied at Kizha-Pazhuvur and Mela-Pazhuvur in Tiruchirapalli district, the Pazhuvettaraiyar was a Chera or Kerala prince. | ||
It is | According to the Anbil Plates of [[Sundara Chola]], the queen of [[Parantaka I]] (and the mother of [[Arinjaya Chola|Arinjaya]]) was a member of the Pazhuvettaraiyar family.<ref name=":0" /> She is described as the daughter of a "Chera mandala" prince called "Pazhuvettaraiyar".<ref name="heritage" /> A record dated to the 12th regnal year of the Chola ruler [[Parantaka I]] (A.R. No. 231 of 1926) states that certain Pazhuvettaraiyar named Kandan Amudanar fought a victorious battle at Vellur on behalf of his Chola overlord against the forces of the Pandya king and his Ceylonese ally, in which the Pandya ruler lost his life. To commemorate this victory, the Chola commander Nakkan Sattan of Paradur made a gift of a perpetual lamp to the temple of Tiruvalandurai-Mahadeva at Siru-Pazhuvur. It is likely that this "Kandan Amudanar" is the same individual mentioned in the Anbil Plates of [[Sundara Chola]] as the Kerala prince whose daughter married Parantaka I and became the mother of prince [[Arinjaya Chola|Arinjaya]]. The term "Kerala prince" probably indicates that he was a relative of the Chera or Kerala king.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Indian Inscriptions Volume 13 |url=http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_13/introduction_1.html |access-date=2008-11-09 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India}}</ref> | ||
Other chiefs from | Other notable chiefs from the Pazhuvettaraiyar family include Kumaran Maravan and Kumaran Kandan.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of People and Their Environs: Essays in Honour of Prof. B.S. Chandrababu |publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam, 2011 - Tamil Nadu (India) - 767 pages |page=142}}</ref> They are credited with building the [[Twin_Temples,_Keezhaiyur|Twin Temples of Keezhaiyur]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Balaganessin |first=M. |date=21 July 2015 |title=9th century twin temples of Keezhaiyur all set for facelift |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/9th-century-twin-temples-of-keezhaiyur-all-set-for-facelift/article7446286.ece |access-date=1 August 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> | ||
= | |||
The | |||
It is also recorded that the Pazhuvettaraiyar regiment was a military division involved in the Chola invasion of [[Sri Lanka]] in the 10th century.<ref>Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volumes 26–27</ref>{{Page needed|date=May 2016}}<ref>Historical perspectives of warfare in India: some morale and matérial determinants By Sri Nandan Prasad, Centre for Studies in Civilizations (Delhi, India) p.193</ref>{{Page needed|date=May 2016}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
*[[Chola]] | *[[Chola]] | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paluvettaraiyar}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Paluvettaraiyar}} | ||
[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district]] | [[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:27, 8 September 2025
The Pazhuvettaraiyar were one of the feudatories of the medieval Cholas in southern India. They ruled over the regions of Kizha-Pazhuvur, Mela-Pazhuvur and Keezhaiyur in the Ariyalur taluk of the Ariyalur district in present-day Tamil Nadu.[1]
They contributed significantly to the local temples through various benefactions and were known to have been related to the imperial Cholas by marriage.[1]
Origins[edit | edit source]
According to the Anbil Plates of Sundara Chola, his paternal grandmother—the queen of Parantaka I and the mother of Arinjaya—was a member of the Pazhuvettaraiyar family.[2] She is described as the daughter of a "Chera mandala" prince called "Pazhuvettaraiyar". This suggests that the Pazhuvettaraiyar were of Chera or Kerala origin.[1]
However, it is unclear whether they already possessed the regions of Kizha-Pazhuvur, Mela-Pazhuvur, and Keezhaiyur or if these dominions were granted to them after their alliance with the Cholas.[1]
Epigraphical records[edit | edit source]
About a dozen inscriptional records related to the Pazhuvettaraiyar family have been found. According to these inscriptions, copied at Kizha-Pazhuvur and Mela-Pazhuvur in Tiruchirapalli district, the Pazhuvettaraiyar was a Chera or Kerala prince.
According to the Anbil Plates of Sundara Chola, the queen of Parantaka I (and the mother of Arinjaya) was a member of the Pazhuvettaraiyar family.[2] She is described as the daughter of a "Chera mandala" prince called "Pazhuvettaraiyar".[1] A record dated to the 12th regnal year of the Chola ruler Parantaka I (A.R. No. 231 of 1926) states that certain Pazhuvettaraiyar named Kandan Amudanar fought a victorious battle at Vellur on behalf of his Chola overlord against the forces of the Pandya king and his Ceylonese ally, in which the Pandya ruler lost his life. To commemorate this victory, the Chola commander Nakkan Sattan of Paradur made a gift of a perpetual lamp to the temple of Tiruvalandurai-Mahadeva at Siru-Pazhuvur. It is likely that this "Kandan Amudanar" is the same individual mentioned in the Anbil Plates of Sundara Chola as the Kerala prince whose daughter married Parantaka I and became the mother of prince Arinjaya. The term "Kerala prince" probably indicates that he was a relative of the Chera or Kerala king.[3]
Other notable chiefs from the Pazhuvettaraiyar family include Kumaran Maravan and Kumaran Kandan.[4] They are credited with building the Twin Temples of Keezhaiyur.[5]
It is also recorded that the Pazhuvettaraiyar regiment was a military division involved in the Chola invasion of Sri Lanka in the 10th century.[6][page needed][7][page needed]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Bhulabhai Memorial Institute, Bombay. The Heritage of Indian Art Series. N.M. Tripathi Private., 1963. p. 29.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 S. Swaminathan. The early Chōḷas history, art, and culture. Sharada Pub. House, 1998. p. 78.
- ↑ "South Indian Inscriptions Volume 13". Archaeological Survey of India. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
- ↑ History of People and Their Environs: Essays in Honour of Prof. B.S. Chandrababu. Bharathi Puthakalayam, 2011 - Tamil Nadu (India) - 767 pages. p. 142.
- ↑ Balaganessin, M. (21 July 2015). "9th century twin temples of Keezhaiyur all set for facelift". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ↑ Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volumes 26–27
- ↑ Historical perspectives of warfare in India: some morale and matérial determinants By Sri Nandan Prasad, Centre for Studies in Civilizations (Delhi, India) p.193