Periyakulam Lok Sabha constituency: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Constituency of the Lok Sabha}}
{{Short description|Constituency of the Lok Sabha}}
{{moresources|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}         
'''[[Periyakulam]]''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It was absorbed in [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni Lok Sabha constituency]] after the 2009 election as part of reorganisation of Lok Sabha seats to reflect the change in population over specific geographic areas. Periyakulam is defunct.
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name                  = Periyakulam           
| type                  = LS
| map_image              =
| map_caption            =
| map_alt                =
| state                  =  [[Tamil Nadu]]
| union_territory        =
| established            = 1952
| abolished              = 2008
| assembly_cons          =
| latest_election_year  = 2004
| reservation            = None
| mp                    =
| party                  =
| electors              =
| preceded_by            =
}}
'''Periyakulam''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> It was absorbed in [[Theni Lok Sabha constituency]] after the 2009 election as part of reorganisation of Lok Sabha seats to reflect the change in population over specific geographic areas. Periyakulam Lok Sabha constituency is defunct.


==Assembly segments ==
==Assembly segments ==
Line 16: Line 33:
  |archivedate = 2006-05-04
  |archivedate = 2006-05-04
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
#[[Periyakulam (State Assembly Constituency)|Periyakulam]] (now in [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni]] after 2009)
#[[Periyakulam Assembly constituency|Periyakulam]] (now in [[Theni Lok Sabha constituency|Theni]] after 2009)
#[[Theni (State Assembly Constituency)|Theni]]  (defunct)
#[[Theni Assembly constituency|Theni]]  (defunct)
#[[Bodinayakkanur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]] (now in [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni]] after 2009)
#[[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency|Bodinayakkanur]] (now in [[Theni Lok Sabha constituency|Theni]] after 2009)
#[[Cumbum (State Assembly Constituency)|Cumbum]] (now in [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni]] after 2009)
#[[Cumbum Assembly constituency|Cumbum]] (now in [[Theni Lok Sabha constituency|Theni]] after 2009)
#[[Andipatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Andipatti]]  (now in [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni]] after 2009)
#[[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]  (now in [[Theni Lok Sabha constituency|Theni]] after 2009)
#[[Sedapatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Sedapatti]]  (defunct)
#[[Sedapatti Assembly constituency|Sedapatti]]  (defunct)


==Members of the Parliament==
==Members of the Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="40%"
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="40%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Duration
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Party
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Party
|-
|-
| First||1952-57||[[K. Sakthivadivel Gounder]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|1952-57||K. Sakthivadivel Gounder
|rowspan=3|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|-
| Secondh||1957-62||[[R. Narayanaswami]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|1957-62||R. Narayanaswami
|-
|-
| Third||1962-67||[[M. Malaichami Thevar]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|1962-67||M. Malaichami Thevar
|-
|-
| Fourth||1967-71||[[H. Ajamal Khan]]||[[Swatantra Party]]
|1967-71||[[H. Ajamal Khan]]||[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|-
| Fifth||1971-77||[[S. M. Muhammed Sheriff]]||[[IUML|Indian union Muslim league]]/
|1971-77||[[S. M. Muhammed Sheriff]]||[[IUML|Indian union Muslim league]]
[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|-
| Sixth||1977-80||[[S. Ramaswamy]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1977-80||S. Ramaswamy||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
|-
| Seventh||1980-82||[[Cumbum N. Natarajan]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1980-82||Cumbum N. Natarajan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
|-
| Seventh||1982-84||[[S.T.K. Jakkayan]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1982-84||[[S. T. K. Jakkaiyan]]
|rowspan=4|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
|-
| Eighth||1984-89||[[P. Selvendran]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1984-89||P. Selvendran
|-
|-
| Ninth||1989-91||[[R. Muthiah]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1989-91||[[R. Muthiah]]
|-
|-
| Tenth||1991-96||[[R. Ramasamy]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1991-96||R. Ramasamy
|-
|-
| Elewenth||1996-98||[[R. Gnanagurusamy]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1996-98||[[R. Gnanagurusamy]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
|-
| Twelfth||1998-99||[[R. Muthiah]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1998-99||[[R. Muthiah]]
|rowspan=2|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
|-
| Thirteenth||1999-04||[[T.T.V. Dhinakaran]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1999-04||[[T.T.V. Dhinakaran]]
|-
|-
| [[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]||2004-2009||[[J.M. Aaron Rashid]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|2004-2009||[[J.M. Aaron Rashid]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|}
|}


The seat was absorbed in [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni Lok Sabha constituency]] after 2009 election. So Periyakulum seat has become defunct since then.
The seat was absorbed in [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni Lok Sabha constituency]] after 2009 election. So Periyakulum seat has become defunct since then.


==Election Results==
==Election results==
{{bar box
{{bar box
|float=right
|float=right
Line 79: Line 97:
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|60.7}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|60.7}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|60.9}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|60.9}}
{{bar percent|[[#1982|1982]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.1}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.4}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.4}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|68.3}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|68.3}}
Line 87: Line 106:
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|44.4}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|44.4}}
}}
}}
===General Election 2004===
=== 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections|General Election, 2004]]: [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Periyakulam<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
   |party      = Indian National Congress
   |party      = Indian National Congress
   |candidate  = [[J. M. Aaron Rashid]]
   |candidate  = [[J. M. Aaron Rashid]]
Line 292: Line 311:
|bgcolor="{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]]
|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]]
|N.Ramakrishnan
|[[N. Eramakrishnan]]
|91,601
|91,601
|13.3%
|13.3%
Line 348: Line 367:
|bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|Cumbum Ramakrishnan
|[[N. Eramakrishnan|Cumbum Ramakrishnan]]
|168,799
|168,799
|27.0%
|27.0%
Line 454: Line 473:
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|'''P.Selvendran'''
|'''P.Selvendran'''
|'''3''<nowiki/>''48,903'''
|'''348,903'''
|'''60.9%'''
|'''60.9%'''
|'''+14.4%'''
|'''+14.4%'''
Line 518: Line 537:
|-
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| colspan="2" |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] '''gain from''' [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| colspan="2" |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] '''Hold'''
!
!
!
!
!
!
|}
|}
===By-election 1982===
{{Election box begin | title=Lok Sabha by-election, 1982: [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
  |candidate  = [[S. T. K. Jakkaiyan]]
  |votes      = 252,377
  |percentage = 50.1%
  |change    =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
  |candidate  = [[N. Eramakrishnan]]
  |votes      = 183,117
  |percentage = 36.4%
  |change    =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Indian National Congress
  |candidate  = A.K. Sheik
  |votes      = 28,869
  |percentage = 5.7%
  |change    =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Communist Party of India
  |candidate  = A. Wahab
  |votes      = 16,366
  |percentage = 3.2%
  |change    =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Independent (politician)
  |candidate  = M. Pandian
  |votes      = 10,261
  |percentage = 2.0%
  |change    =
}}
{{Election box majority|
  |votes      = 69,260
  |percentage =
  |change    =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
  |votes      = 503,651
  |percentage =
  |change    =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
  |winner    = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
  |loser      = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
  |swing      =
}}
{{Election box end}}


===General Election 1980===
===General Election 1980===
Line 577: Line 650:
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
!Candidate
!Votes
!Votes<ref name=election1977>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4116-general-election-1977-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
!%
!%
!
!
Line 862: Line 935:
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
!Candidate
!Votes
!Votes<ref name=election1951>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4111-general-election-1951-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1951 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
!%
!%
!
!
Line 891: Line 964:
|-
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}"|
|[[Socialist Party (India)|Socialist Party]]
|[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|Velayudha Nair
|Velayudha Nair
|29,450
|29,450
Line 917: Line 990:
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Periyakulam]]
* [[Periyakulam]]
* [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]


{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
Line 925: Line 998:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Periyakulam (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Periyakulam (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}


 
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]

Latest revision as of 19:43, 19 March 2026


Periyakulam
Former Lok Sabha constituency
Constituency details
CountryIndia
RegionSouth India
StateTamil Nadu
Established1952
Abolished2008
ReservationNone

Periyakulam was a Lok Sabha constituency in Tamil Nadu.[1] It was absorbed in Theni Lok Sabha constituency after the 2009 election as part of reorganisation of Lok Sabha seats to reflect the change in population over specific geographic areas. Periyakulam Lok Sabha constituency is defunct.

Assembly segments[edit | edit source]

Periyakulam Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:[2]

  1. Periyakulam (now in Theni after 2009)
  2. Theni (defunct)
  3. Bodinayakkanur (now in Theni after 2009)
  4. Cumbum (now in Theni after 2009)
  5. Andipatti (now in Theni after 2009)
  6. Sedapatti (defunct)

Members of the Parliament[edit | edit source]

Year Winner Party
1952-57 K. Sakthivadivel Gounder Indian National Congress
1957-62 R. Narayanaswami
1962-67 M. Malaichami Thevar
1967-71 H. Ajamal Khan Swatantra Party
1971-77 S. M. Muhammed Sheriff Indian union Muslim league
1977-80 S. Ramaswamy All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1980-82 Cumbum N. Natarajan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1982-84 S. T. K. Jakkaiyan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1984-89 P. Selvendran
1989-91 R. Muthiah
1991-96 R. Ramasamy
1996-98 R. Gnanagurusamy Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1998-99 R. Muthiah All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1999-04 T.T.V. Dhinakaran
2004-2009 J.M. Aaron Rashid Indian National Congress

The seat was absorbed in Theni Lok Sabha constituency after 2009 election. So Periyakulum seat has become defunct since then.

Election results[edit | edit source]

Vote share of Winning candidates
2004
 
 49.51%
1999
 
 45.6%
1998
 
 51.8%
1996
 
 47.6%
1991
 
 61.3%
1989
 
 60.7%
1984
 
 60.9%
1982
 
 50.1%
1980
 
 50.4%
1977
 
 68.3%
1971
 
 42.0%
1967
 
 43.9%
1962
 
 47.2%
1957
 
 50.1%
1952
 
 44.4%

2004[edit | edit source]

2004 Indian general elections: Periyakulam[3]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC J. M. Aaron Rashid 346,851 49.51 n/a
AIADMK T.T.V. Dhinakaran 325,696 46.49 +0.85
Majority 21,155 3.02 −3.86
Turnout 700,603 66.29 +6.93
INC gain from AIADMK Swing +49.51
United Progressive Alliance gain from AIADMK Swing

General Election 1999[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
AIADMK T.T.V.Dhinakaran 303,881 45.6% -6.2%
DMK P.Selvendran 258,075 38.8% -1.6%
PT Mansoor Alikhan 87,429 13.1% +9.8%
Dhiravida Thelugar Munnetra Kazhagam P.R.Jeganathan 1,414 0.2% New
IND A.Sadayandi 1,327 0.2% New
IND C.Rajagopal 1,256 0.2% New
IND K.Elamurugan 1,105 0.2% New
Majority 45,806 6.9% -4.5%
Turnout 665,824 59.4% +2.2%
AIADMK Hold

General Election 1998[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
AIADMK R.Muthaih 319,672 51.8% +4.2%
DMK R.Gandhimathy 249,092 40.4% -7.2%
PT C.Mookaih 20,219 3.3% New
IND P.V.K.Deivendran 5,549 0.9% New
INC M.Veeraprakash 4,214 0.7% New
Majority 70,580 11.4% -7.7%
Turnout 617,136 57.2% -10.0%
AIADMK gain from DMK

General Election 1996[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
DMK R.Gnanagurusamy 326,665 47.6% +20.6%
AIADMK R.Ramasamy 195,328 28.5% -32.8%
MDMK N. Eramakrishnan 91,601 13.3% New
BJP M.Periyasamy Devar 20,035 2.9% -0.2%
PMK P.Thangaraj 11,503 1.7% -4.1%
Majority 131,337 19.1% -15.2%
Turnout 686,544 67.2% +5.5%
DMK gain from AIADMK

General Election 1991[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
AIADMK R.Ramasamy 382,759 61.3% +0.6%
DMK Cumbum Ramakrishnan 168,799 27.0% -0.3%
PMK K.Madasamy 36,454 5.8% -3.6%
BJP Balakrishnan 19,148 3.1% New
IND P.Rajangam 1,211 0.2% New
Majority 213,960 34.3% +0.9%
Turnout 624,469 61.7% -3.6%
AIADMK Hold

General Election 1989[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
AIADMK R.Muthaiah 402,691 60.7% -0.2%
DMK A.K.Cumbum Mahindran 181,287 27.3% -5.9%
PMK S.Gunasekharan 62,536 9.4% New
Majority 221,404 33.4% +5.7%
Turnout 663,502 65.3% -6.2%
AIADMK Hold

General Election 1984[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
AIADMK P.Selvendran 348,903 60.9% +14.4%
DMK S.Agniraju 190,290 33.2% -17.2%
IND K.Palaniswamy 5,376 0.9% New
IND K.Surulvelu 5,122 0.9% New
IND K.Ayyadurai 2,148 0.4% New
IND S.S.Sailani 1,125 0.2% New
IND K.Jayamani 837 0.1% New
IND A.Rajendran 633 0.1% New
Majority 158,613 27.7% +23.8%
Turnout 572,802 71.5% +2.7%
AIADMK Hold

By-election 1982[edit | edit source]

Lok Sabha by-election, 1982: Periyakulam
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
AIADMK S. T. K. Jakkaiyan 252,377 50.1%
DMK N. Eramakrishnan 183,117 36.4%
INC A.K. Sheik 28,869 5.7%
CPI A. Wahab 16,366 3.2%
Independent M. Pandian 10,261 2.0%
Majority 69,260
Turnout 503,651
AIADMK gain from DMK Swing

General Election 1980[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
DMK Cumbum N.Natarajan 255,204 50.4% +24.7%
AIADMK S.Ramasaamy 235,322 46.5% -21.8%
IND Surilvelu 6,934 1.4% +0.4%
Majority 19,882 3.9% -38.6%
Turnout 506,263 68.8% -0.5%
DMK gain from AIADMK

General Election 1977[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes[4] %
±%
AIADMK S.Ramasamy 328,100 68.3% New
DMK Palanivel Rajan 123,708 25.7% New
IND K.Andithevar 12,813 2.7% New
IND K.Surulivelu 4,808 1.0% -0.5%
IND S.Gunasekharan 1,630 0.3% New
Majority 204,392 42.5% +32.5%
Turnout 480,718 69.3% +3.4%
AIADMK gain from IND

General Election 1971[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
IND S.M.Mohammad Sherief 175,940 42.0% New
SWA Ajmalkhan 134,015 32.0% -11.9%
IND H.Muthaih 45,066 10.8% New
IND S.Alagarsamy Chettiyar 27,371 6.5% New
IND K.Surilvelu 6,108 1.5% New
Majority 41,925 10.0% +3.4%
Turnout 388,500 65.9% -9.0%
IND gain from SWA

General Election 1967[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
SWA H.Ajmalkhan 183,593 43.9% New
INC M.Ibrahim 155,972 37.3% -9.9%
IND M.Muthaiah 65,329 15.6% New
Majority 27,621 6.6% +5.7%
Turnout 404,894 74.9% +6.7%
SWA gain from INC

General Election 1962[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
INC Malaichamy Thevar 146,829 47.2% -2.9%
IND Muthaiah 143,930 46.3% New
IND Ponnusamy 12,357 4.0% New
Majority 2,899 0.9%
Turnout 303,116 68.2% +14.7%
INC Hold

General Election 1957[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes %
±%
INC R.Narayanasamy 116,715 50.1% +5.7%
IND Muthaiah 64,867 27.8% New
IND M.V.Sethu Rao 19,238 8.3% New
IND M.K.M.Meeran 16,282 7.0% New
IND S.S.Marisamy 15,838 6.8% New
Majority 51,848
Turnout 232,940 53.5% -12.1%
INC Hold

General Election 1952[edit | edit source]

Party Candidate Votes[5] %
±%
INC A.Shaktivel gounder 107,875 44.4% New
Forward Bloc (Marxist group) C.Raghupathi Thevar 74,991 30.9% New
KMPP S.N.K.Sundaram 30,461 12.5% New
Socialist Party Velayudha Nair 29,450 12.1% New
Majority 32,884
Turnout 242,777 65.6% New
INC Win (New Seat)

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976". Election Commission of India. 1 December 1976. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  2. ↑ "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Tamil Nadu. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  3. ↑ "General Election 2004". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  4. ↑ "General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II)". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  5. ↑ "General Election, 1951 (Vol I, II)". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 31 December 2021.

See also[edit | edit source]

10°06′N 77°30′E / 10.1°N 77.5°E / 10.1; 77.5

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