Gopalakrishna Bharati: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by 183.83.153.87
Last edited March 12, 2026
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
general correct references also and cleaned formatting for accuracy
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Tamil poet and Carnatic music composer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
Gopalakrishna Bharathi({{lang-ta|கோபாலகிருஷ்ண பாரதி}}) (1810–1896) was a Tamil poet and a composer of Carnatic music. He composed the ''kathakalakshepam'' ({{lang-ta|கதாகாலக்ஷேபம் }}) Nandanar Charitram, two other works in this genre, and many independent ''kritis''.
{{refimprove|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name              = Gopalakrishna Bharati
| native_name      = கோபாலகிருஷ்ண பாரதி
| birth_date        = 1811
| birth_place      = Narimanam, Tamil Nadu, India
| death_date        = 1881
| occupation        = {{hlist|[[Composer]]|[[Poet]]}}
| notable_works    = ''Nandanar Charitram'',<br> ''Sabhapatikku Veru Daivam''
| known_for        = Composing devotional Tamil kritis
}}
'''Gopalakrishna Bharathi''' ({{langx|ta|கோபாலகிருஷ்ண பாரதி}}) (1811–1881) was a Tamil poet and a composer of [[Carnatic music]]. He composed the ''Kathakalakshepam'' ({{langx|ta|கதாகாலக்ஷேபம் }}) Nandanar Charitram, two other works in this genre, and many independent ''kritis''.


Bharathi was a contemporary of [[Thyagaraja]] whom he is said to have met, and who asked him whether he had composed anything in the ''raga AbhOgi''; Bharathi composed overnight one of his most popular ''kriti''s in ''rUpaka tALa'', ''Sabhaapatikku vERu''. The great Tamil literary figure, [[U. V. Swaminatha Iyer]] wrote two sources for Bhaarati's life: a biography of the composer and his own autobiography, which contains references to Bharathi, who was his ''guru'' in music.
Bharathi was a contemporary of [[Thyagaraja]] whom he is said to have met, and who asked him whether he had composed anything in the ''raga [[Abhogi|Ābhōgi]].'' Bharathi composed overnight one of his most popular ''kritis'' in ''Rupaka Tala, Sabhapatikku Veru''. The great Tamil literary figure, [[U. V. Swaminatha Iyer]] wrote two sources for Bhaarati's life: a biography of the composer and his own autobiography, which contains references to Bharathi, who was his ''guru'' in music.
 
An annual music festival dedicated to the composer Gopalakrishna Bharathi is held every year at the Vallalar–Medha Dakshinamurthy Temple in Mayiladuthurai, featuring performances of his compositions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=When Mayiladuthurai resonates with songs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/when-mayiladuthurai-resonates-with-songs/article66653208.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323133509/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/when-mayiladuthurai-resonates-with-songs/article66653208.ece |archive-date=2023-03-23 |access-date=2026-03-12 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Remembering Gopalakrishna Bharathi |url=http://thehindu.com/entertainment/music/remembering-gopalakrishna-bharathi/article65077526.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224005735/thehindu.com/entertainment/music/remembering-gopalakrishna-bharathi/article65077526.ece |archive-date=2022-02-24 |access-date=2026-03-12 |language=en}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==


Gopalakrishna Bharathi was born at Narimanam, near [[Nagapattinam]]. He spent his early days in [[Mudikondan]] village, near [[Thiruvarur]]. A few years later he moved to [[Anandathandavapuram]] village, near Mayavaram where he lived almost his entire life. His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were all veena exponents and scholars in Sanskrit. After losing his parents at an early age, he worked as a cook in a temple. He then met Govinda Yati, who taught him Hindu scripture, and then the musician Ramdas, who taught him Hindustani music. Gopalakrishna started his professional career after finding a patron named Annu Iyer.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mahabharati |first=Sangit |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India, Vol. 1 |title=Gopālakriṣhṇa Bhārati |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-19-565098-3 |editor=Late Pandit Nikhil Ghosh |page=375}}</ref>
Gopalakrishna Bharathi was born at Narimanam, near [[Nagapattinam]]. He spent his early days in [[Mudikondan]], near [[Thiruvarur]]. A few years later he moved to [[Anandathandavapuram]] village, near Mayavaram alos know as [[Mayiladuthurai]] where he lived almost his entire life.<ref name=":0" /> His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were all [[veena]] exponents and scholars in Sanskrit. After losing his parents at an early age, he worked as a cook in a temple. He then met Govinda Yati, who taught him Hindu scripture, and then the musician Ramdas, who taught him Hindustani music. Gopalakrishna started his professional career after finding a patron named Annu Iyer.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mahabharati |first=Sangit |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India, Vol. 1 |title=Gopālakriṣhṇa Bhārati |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-19-565098-3 |editor=Late Pandit Nikhil Ghosh |page=375}}</ref>


==Compositions==
==Compositions==


Gopalakrishna Bharathi composed several ''[[kriti]]s'' on the principles of ''advaita''. Gopalakrishna Bharathi's ''kritis'', portraying several musical facades, were extremely well received by the public and were sung in a number of concerts during his lifetime. This prompted several musicians to approach Gopalakrishna Bharathi. The musicians would express his vision for a new kirtana and Bharathi would always oblige and compose a song to fit the musician's requirement.{{fact|date=July 2020}}
Gopalakrishna Bharathi composed several ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' on the principles of ''advaita''. Gopalakrishna Bharathi's ''kritis'', portraying several musical facades, were extremely well received by the public and were sung in a number of concerts during his lifetime. This prompted several musicians to approach Gopalakrishna Bharathi. The musicians would express his vision for a new kirtana and Bharathi would always oblige and compose a song to fit the musician's requirement.<ref name=":0" />


''NantanAr Carittiram'' is a ''katAkALatcEpam'', a genre of religious story-telling with music that was popular in Tamil Nadu in the 19th and early 20th centuries before the advent of film, especially the talkies. ''Nandan Caritiram'' was based on the story of a ''paraiyAr'' (''dalit'' or 'untouchable'), [[Nandanar]] known also as [[TirunAlaippOvAr NayanAr]]. A great devotee of [[Shiva|Siva]], he yearned to visit Chidambaram the greatest of Siva temples. He greatly feared that caste prejudice would prevent him from entering the temple, but his devotion overcame this obstacle, and he obtained his desire, becoming physically merged with Siva in a blaze of light. Bharati's version of ''NantanAr Carittiram'' is a masterly development of the story narrated in Sekkizhar's ''Periya PurANam''. He included many forms of Tamil regional music, and is praised for his ability to capture dialect and popular expression. The eminent Tamil literary scholar, Meenakshisundaram Pillai, however, criticised him for deviating from historical facts of the story, and for grammatical lapses.{{fact|date=July 2020}}
The [[Nandanar]] Caritram is a ''Kathakalakshepam'', a genre of religious story-telling with music that was popular in Tamil Nadu in the 19th and early 20th centuries before the advent of film, especially the [[Sound film|talkies]]. ''[[Nandanar]] Caritiram'' was based on the story of a ''paraiyAr'' (''dalit'' or 'untouchable'), [[Nandanar]] known also as Tirunallaipovar Nayanar. A great devotee of [[Shiva|Siva]], he yearned to visit Chidambaram the greatest of Siva temples. He greatly feared that caste prejudice would prevent him from entering the temple, but his devotion overcame this obstacle, and he obtained his desire, becoming physically merged with Siva in a blaze of light. Bharati's version of ''[[Nandanar]] Carittiram'' is a masterly development of the story narrated in Sekkizhar's ''Periya Puranam''. He included many forms of Tamil regional music and is praised for his ability to capture dialect and popular expression. The eminent Tamil literary scholar, Meenakshisundaram Pillai, however, criticised him for deviating from historical facts of the story, and for grammatical lapses.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=R. Suryaprakash sings paeans to Gopalakrishna Bharathi with an evocative song line up |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/r-suryaprakash-sings-paeans-to-gopalakrishna-bharathi-with-an-evocative-song-line-up/article67070915.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715034136/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/r-suryaprakash-sings-paeans-to-gopalakrishna-bharathi-with-an-evocative-song-line-up/article67070915.ece |archive-date=2023-07-15 |access-date=2026-03-12 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />


Gopalakrishna Bharati used the ''[[Mudra (music)|mudra]]'' (signature) ''Gopalakrishna'' in his compositions. These include famous ''kritis'' like ''varukalAmO'' (''rAga mAnji''), ''varuvArO'' (''sAma'') and ''ennEramum'' (''rAga [[Devagandhari#In Carnatic music|dEvagAndhAri]]''). However, those portions of his work from the Nandanar Charitram that have been set to tune may not have his mudrai. These include famous songs like "Satru Vilagi Irum Pillai", "Innamum Sandeha Padalamo" etc.{{fact|date=July 2020}}
Gopalakrishna Bharati used the ''[[Mudra (music)|mudra]]'' (signature) ''Gopalakrishna'' in his compositions. These include famous [[Kriti (music)|Kriti]]s like ''Varugalamo'' (''raga manji''), ''Varuvaro'' (''sama'') and ''Enneramum'' (''raga [[Devagandhari#In Carnatic music|Devagandhari]]'').  


{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
|+
! ''Composition'' !! ''[[Raga]]'' !! ''[[Tala (music)|Tala]]'' !! ''Type'' !! ''Language'' !! ''Other Info'' !! ''Audio Links''
! ''Composition'' !! ''[[Raga]]'' !! ''[[Tala (music)|Tala]]'' !! ''Type'' !! ''Language'' !! Notes !! ''Audio Links''
|-
|-
| ''eppo varuvAro'' || ''[[Jaunpuri (raga)|Jonpuri]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''[[Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || || ''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AH_PpWONQ20/|title=eppo varuvAro - Snehakottai Hari & Party}}</ref>''
| ''eppo varuvAro'' || ''[[Jaunpuri (raga)|Jonpuri]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''[[Kriti (music)|Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || || ''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AH_PpWONQ20/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/AH_PpWONQ20 |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=eppo varuvAro - Snehakottai Hari & Party}}{{cbignore}}</ref>''
|-
|-
| ''guruvaruLum tiruvaruLum'' || ''[[Abhogi]]'' || ''[[Khanda Chapu]]'' || ''[[Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || '' Though listed out as Gopalakrishna Bharathi's, this is a composition of Gowri Shankara Stapathi''|| ''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duGRZss9dPw/|title=guruvaruLum tiruvaruLum - Nityasree Mahadevan}}</ref>''
| ''guruvaruLum tiruvaruLum'' || ''[[Abhogi]]'' || ''[[Khanda Chapu]]'' || ''[[Kriti (musical composition)|Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || '' Though listed as a composition of Bharati, this is commonly attributed [[Gowri Shankara Stapathi]].''|| ''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duGRZss9dPw/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202141304/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duGRZss9dPw |archive-date=2017-02-02 |url-status=dead|title=guruvaruLum tiruvaruLum - Nityasree Mahadevan}}</ref>''
|-
|-
| ''sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA'' || ''[[Abhogi]]'' || ''[[Rupaka]]'' || ''[[Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || ||  
| ''sabhApatikku vEru deivam samAnamAgumA'' || ''[[Abhogi]]'' || ''[[Rupaka]]'' || ''[[Kriti (musical composition)|Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || ||  
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsJHszN41A0/|title=sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA - MS Subbulakshmi}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsJHszN41A0/|title=sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA - MS Subbulakshmi}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhrHjd-UwSE/|title=sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA - OS Thyagarajan}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhrHjd-UwSE/|title=sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA - OS Thyagarajan}}</ref>
|-
|-
|''Innamum sandeha padalamo'' || ''[[Keeravani]]'' || ''[[misrachapu]]'' || ''[[Kriti]]''  || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || ||  
|''Innamum sandeha padalamo'' || ''[[Keeravani]]'' || ''[[Misrachapu]]'' || ''[[Kriti (musical composition)|Kriti]]''  || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || ||  
|-
|-
|Tha Thai Endraduvar
|Tha Thai Endraduvar
|Sindu Bhairavi
|[[Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)|Sindu Bhairavi]]
|Adi
|[[Adi tala|Adi]]
|Kriti
|Kriti
|Tamil
|Tamil
|This was composed as part of the Nandanar Charithram Kathakalakshepam when Nandanar gets to see Thillai Natarajar
|''Part of the Nandanar Caritram.''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGEOV5BCvcA | title=Thaa Thai Endraduvar}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGEOV5BCvcA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/UGEOV5BCvcA |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live| title=Thaa Thai Endraduvar}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|}
|}


Line 47: Line 61:


==Publication==
==Publication==
Bharati's ''kathakalakshepams'' were so popular in Karaikal that several government officials would sleep at work after spending the whole night listening to his performances. Karaikal was then a French colony and the official Cisse decided to conduct an inquiry into the reason behind the inefficiency of his employees. His investigations led him to conclude that the cause was in fact Bharathi. Curious, he decided to pay a visit personally to one of Bharathi's concerts. Cisse was so impressed by Bharathi's performance that he decided to help him publish his work as a book. This eventually led to the publication of ''Nandan Caritiram'', one of Bharati's most popular works.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sleeping-employees-a-french-official-the-saga-of-a-tamil-opera/article5490461.ece |title=Sleeping Employees,a French official:The saga of a Tamil opera | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu |first=B. |last=Kolappan |date=23 December 2013}}</ref>
Bharati's ''kathakalakshepams'' were so popular in Karaikal that several government officials would sleep at work after spending the whole night listening to his performances. Karaikal was then a French colony and the official Cisse decided to conduct an inquiry into the reason behind the inefficiency of his employees. His investigations led him to conclude that the cause was in fact Bharathi. Curious, he decided to pay a visit personally to one of Bharathi's concerts. Cisse was so impressed by Bharathi's performance that he decided to help him publish his work as a book. This eventually led to the publication of ''Nandanar Charithram'', one of Bharati's most popular works.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sleeping-employees-a-french-official-the-saga-of-a-tamil-opera/article5490461.ece |title=Sleeping Employees,a French official:The saga of a Tamil opera | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu |first=B. |last=Kolappan |date=23 December 2013}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of Carnatic composers]]
*[[List of Carnatic composers]]


==References & Audio Links==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://carnatica.net/composer/gopalakrishnabharati.htm Carnatica.net]
* [http://carnatica.net/composer/gopalakrishnabharati.htm Carnatica.net]
* Carnatic Music Krithi Audio Archive: http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/shivkuma/music/index.html
* Carnatic Music Krithi Audio Archive: http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/shivkuma/music/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211051428/http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/shivkuma/music/index.html |date=11 December 2007 }}
* Carnatic music notation for few Tamil, Telugu, English songs at VK's website: http://www.keylessonline.com/
* Carnatic music notation for few Tamil, Telugu, English songs at VK's website: http://www.keylessonline.com/
* Palem Gopalakrishna Carnatic music section with notations for Telugu songs: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/music.html
* Palem Gopalakrishna Carnatic music section with notations for Telugu songs: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/music.html
* CFugue C++ API for Carnatic Music Programming: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/CFugue.html
* CFugue C++ API for Carnatic Music Programming: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/CFugue.html
* CarMusTy Carnatic Music Typesetting Environment: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/CarMusTy.html
* CarMusTy Carnatic Music Typesetting Environment: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/CarMusTy.html
* Carnatic music notation page links at Musically Urs's website: http://www.angelfire.com/musicals/musically_urs/notation_link.html
* Carnatic music notation page links at Musically Urs's website: https://www.angelfire.com/musicals/musically_urs/notation_link.html


{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}
Line 68: Line 82:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharathi, Gopalakrishna}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharathi, Gopalakrishna}}
[[Category:Carnatic composers]]
[[Category:Carnatic composers]]
[[Category:1811 births]]
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Nagapattinam district]]
[[Category:People from Nagapattinam district]]
[[Category:19th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from British India]]
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]

Latest revision as of 13:24, 12 March 2026


Gopalakrishna Bharati
கோபாலகிருஷ்ண பாரதி
Born1811
Narimanam, Tamil Nadu, India
Died1881
Occupation
Known forComposing devotional Tamil kritis
Notable work
Nandanar Charitram,
Sabhapatikku Veru Daivam

Gopalakrishna Bharathi (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) (1811–1881) was a Tamil poet and a composer of Carnatic music. He composed the Kathakalakshepam (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) Nandanar Charitram, two other works in this genre, and many independent kritis.

Bharathi was a contemporary of Thyagaraja whom he is said to have met, and who asked him whether he had composed anything in the raga Ābhōgi. Bharathi composed overnight one of his most popular kritis in Rupaka Tala, Sabhapatikku Veru. The great Tamil literary figure, U. V. Swaminatha Iyer wrote two sources for Bhaarati's life: a biography of the composer and his own autobiography, which contains references to Bharathi, who was his guru in music.

An annual music festival dedicated to the composer Gopalakrishna Bharathi is held every year at the Vallalar–Medha Dakshinamurthy Temple in Mayiladuthurai, featuring performances of his compositions.[1][2]

Early life[edit | edit source]

Gopalakrishna Bharathi was born at Narimanam, near Nagapattinam. He spent his early days in Mudikondan, near Thiruvarur. A few years later he moved to Anandathandavapuram village, near Mayavaram alos know as Mayiladuthurai where he lived almost his entire life.[1] His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were all veena exponents and scholars in Sanskrit. After losing his parents at an early age, he worked as a cook in a temple. He then met Govinda Yati, who taught him Hindu scripture, and then the musician Ramdas, who taught him Hindustani music. Gopalakrishna started his professional career after finding a patron named Annu Iyer.[3]

Compositions[edit | edit source]

Gopalakrishna Bharathi composed several kritis on the principles of advaita. Gopalakrishna Bharathi's kritis, portraying several musical facades, were extremely well received by the public and were sung in a number of concerts during his lifetime. This prompted several musicians to approach Gopalakrishna Bharathi. The musicians would express his vision for a new kirtana and Bharathi would always oblige and compose a song to fit the musician's requirement.[1]

The Nandanar Caritram is a Kathakalakshepam, a genre of religious story-telling with music that was popular in Tamil Nadu in the 19th and early 20th centuries before the advent of film, especially the talkies. Nandanar Caritiram was based on the story of a paraiyAr (dalit or 'untouchable'), Nandanar known also as Tirunallaipovar Nayanar. A great devotee of Siva, he yearned to visit Chidambaram the greatest of Siva temples. He greatly feared that caste prejudice would prevent him from entering the temple, but his devotion overcame this obstacle, and he obtained his desire, becoming physically merged with Siva in a blaze of light. Bharati's version of Nandanar Carittiram is a masterly development of the story narrated in Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam. He included many forms of Tamil regional music and is praised for his ability to capture dialect and popular expression. The eminent Tamil literary scholar, Meenakshisundaram Pillai, however, criticised him for deviating from historical facts of the story, and for grammatical lapses.[1][4][2]

Gopalakrishna Bharati used the mudra (signature) Gopalakrishna in his compositions. These include famous Kritis like Varugalamo (raga manji), Varuvaro (sama) and Enneramum (raga Devagandhari).

Composition Raga Tala Type Language Notes Audio Links
eppo varuvAro Jonpuri Adi Kriti Tamil [5]
guruvaruLum tiruvaruLum Abhogi Khanda Chapu Kriti Tamil Though listed as a composition of Bharati, this is commonly attributed Gowri Shankara Stapathi. [6]
sabhApatikku vEru deivam samAnamAgumA Abhogi Rupaka Kriti Tamil

[7] [8]

Innamum sandeha padalamo Keeravani Misrachapu Kriti Tamil
Tha Thai Endraduvar Sindu Bhairavi Adi Kriti Tamil Part of the Nandanar Caritram. [9]

Performance history[edit | edit source]

Nandan Caritiram, as performed by Bharathi, proved very popular and he published it in his lifetime. The highly regarded Thanjavur Krishna Bhagavatar, who developed the art of kathakalakshepam by introducing elements from Marathi performance practice and elements of dance, made it one of his masterpieces. Many adaptations appeared, including stage plays and three film versions. Individual songs of Gopalakrishna Bharathi became popular with Carnatic musicians. Later, Bharata Natyam dancers, including T. Balasaraswati, took up select pieces for interpretation as abhinaya. The album of the film version starring the singer M. M. Dandapani Desikar as Nandanar (with music direction by Papanasam Sivan) remains popular.

The story of Nandanar, as Bharati developed it, had considerable resonance with the Nationalist movement in India. Nandanar was an untouchable (dalit), and M. K. Gandhi, among others, saw his story as expressing the plight and aspirations of India's dalits. Others argue that Nandanar, with his burning desire to see Shiva at Chidambaram, captured the mood and paralleled the aspirations of Indian nationalists yearning for independence from Britain.

Publication[edit | edit source]

Bharati's kathakalakshepams were so popular in Karaikal that several government officials would sleep at work after spending the whole night listening to his performances. Karaikal was then a French colony and the official Cisse decided to conduct an inquiry into the reason behind the inefficiency of his employees. His investigations led him to conclude that the cause was in fact Bharathi. Curious, he decided to pay a visit personally to one of Bharathi's concerts. Cisse was so impressed by Bharathi's performance that he decided to help him publish his work as a book. This eventually led to the publication of Nandanar Charithram, one of Bharati's most popular works.[10]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "When Mayiladuthurai resonates with songs". Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Remembering Gopalakrishna Bharathi". Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
  3. ↑ Mahabharati, Sangit (2010). "Gopālakriṣhṇa Bhārati". In Late Pandit Nikhil Ghosh (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India, Vol. 1. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19-565098-3.
  4. ↑ "R. Suryaprakash sings paeans to Gopalakrishna Bharathi with an evocative song line up". Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
  5. ↑ "eppo varuvAro - Snehakottai Hari & Party". Archived from the original on 19 December 2021.
  6. ↑ "guruvaruLum tiruvaruLum - Nityasree Mahadevan". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
  7. ↑ "sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA - MS Subbulakshmi".
  8. ↑ "sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA - OS Thyagarajan".
  9. ↑ "Thaa Thai Endraduvar". Archived from the original on 19 December 2021.
  10. ↑ Kolappan, B. (23 December 2013). "Sleeping Employees,a French official:The saga of a Tamil opera". The Hindu. Chennai, India.

External links[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gopalakrishna_Bharati&oldid=460260"
Discover more