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{{Short description|Sri Lankan rebel (1963–1987)}}
{{Tamil name|Rasaiah|Parthipan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Patronymic name|Parthipan|Rasaiah|his}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix          =  ''Thiyaka Theepam'' <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/light-sacrifice-remembering-thileepan-31-years | title=The light of sacrifice: Remembering Thileepan 31 years on &#124; Tamil Guardian }}</ref> <br> Lt. Colonel<!-- See LTTE rank structure.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rodrigo |first1=Nisala A. |title=The Rise of the Liberation Tigers: Conventional Operations in the Sri Lankan Civil War, 1990-2001 |date=2019 |publisher=[[School of Advanced Military Studies]] |page=22 |url=https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=832144 |access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=Joanne |title=An Institutional History of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) |date=October 2014 |publisher=[[Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding]] |location=Geneva, Switzerland |page=16 |url=https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/292651/files/CCDP-Working-Paper-10-LTTE-1.pdf}}</ref> -->  
| honorific_prefix          =  ''Thiyaka Theepam'' <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/light-sacrifice-remembering-thileepan-31-years | title=The light of sacrifice: Remembering Thileepan 31 years on &#124; Tamil Guardian }}</ref> <br> Lt. Colonel<!-- See LTTE rank structure.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rodrigo |first1=Nisala A. |title=The Rise of the Liberation Tigers: Conventional Operations in the Sri Lankan Civil War, 1990-2001 |date=2019 |publisher=[[School of Advanced Military Studies]] |page=22 |url=https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=832144 |access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=Joanne |title=An Institutional History of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) |date=October 2014 |publisher=[[Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding]] |location=Geneva, Switzerland |page=16 |url=https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/292651/files/CCDP-Working-Paper-10-LTTE-1.pdf}}</ref> -->  
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| birth_name                = R. Parthipan
| birth_name                = R. Parthipan
| birth_date                = {{Birth date|1963|11|29|df=y}}
| birth_date                = {{Birth date|1963|11|29|df=y}}
| birth_place              =  
| birth_place              = [[Urelu]], [[Jaffna District|Jaffna]], [[Sri Lanka]]
| death_date                = {{Death date and age|1987|09|26|1963|11|29|df=yes}}
| death_date                = {{Death date and age|1987|09|26|1963|11|29|df=yes}}
| death_place              = [[Nallur (Jaffna)|Nallur]], Sri Lanka
| death_place              = [[Nallur (Jaffna)|Nallur]], [[Jaffna District|Jaffna]], [[Sri Lanka]]
| nationality              =
| other_names              = Amirthalingam Thileepan
| other_names              = Amirthalingam Thileepan
| citizenship              =  
| citizenship              =  
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| footnotes                =  
| footnotes                =  
}}
}}
'''Rasaiah Parthipan''' ({{lang-ta|இராசையா பார்த்திபன்}}; 29 November 1963 &ndash; 26 September 1987; commonly known by the nom de guerre '''Thileepan''') was a [[Tamil Eelam]] revolutionary and member of the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE), a [[Tamil militant groups|separatist Tamil militant organisation]] in [[Sri Lanka]]. He died while on [[hunger strike]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Silva|first1=K. M.|authorlink1=K. M. de Silva|title=Regional Powers and Small State Security: India and Sri Lanka, 1977-1990|date=1995|publisher=[[Woodrow Wilson Center Press]]|isbn=0-8018-5149-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/regionalpowerssm00desi/page/258 258]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/regionalpowerssm00desi/page/258}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cummings|first1=Joe|last2=Cannon|first2=Teresa|last3=Elliott|first3=Mark|last4=Ver Berkmoes|first4=Ryan|title=Sri Lanka|date=2006|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|page=309|isbn=9781740599757 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pq9XaJuzwkQC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Balachandran|first1=P. K.|title=Former LTTE Militants To Contest Polls As 'Crusaders For Democracy'|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Former-LTTE-Militants-To-Contest-Polls-As-Crusaders-For-Democracy/2015/07/03/article2900486.ece|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Subramanian|first1=T. S.|title=Unravelling the plot|journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=7 February 1998|volume=15|issue=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Furlong|first1=Ray|title=amil hunger strike in third week|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8015199.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=23 April 2009}}</ref>
'''Rasaiah Parthipan''' ({{langx|ta|இராசையா பார்த்திபன்}}; 29 November 1963 &ndash; 26 September 1987; commonly known by the nom de guerre '''Thileepan''') was a [[Tamil Eelam]] revolutionary and member of the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE), a [[Tamil militant groups|separatist Tamil militant organisation]] in [[Sri Lanka]]. He died while on [[hunger strike]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Silva|first1=K. M.|authorlink1=K. M. de Silva|title=Regional Powers and Small State Security: India and Sri Lanka, 1977-1990|date=1995|publisher=[[Woodrow Wilson Center Press]]|isbn=0-8018-5149-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/regionalpowerssm00desi/page/258 258]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/regionalpowerssm00desi/page/258}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cummings|first1=Joe|last2=Cannon|first2=Teresa|last3=Elliott|first3=Mark|last4=Ver Berkmoes|first4=Ryan|title=Sri Lanka|date=2006|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|page=309|isbn=9781740599757 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pq9XaJuzwkQC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Balachandran|first1=P. K.|title=Former LTTE Militants To Contest Polls As 'Crusaders For Democracy'|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Former-LTTE-Militants-To-Contest-Polls-As-Crusaders-For-Democracy/2015/07/03/article2900486.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706040250/http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Former-LTTE-Militants-To-Contest-Polls-As-Crusaders-For-Democracy/2015/07/03/article2900486.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 July 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Subramanian|first1=T. S.|title=Unravelling the plot|journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=7 February 1998|volume=15|issue=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Furlong|first1=Ray|title=amil hunger strike in third week|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8015199.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=23 April 2009}}</ref>


==Early life and family==
==Early life and family==
Parthipan was born on 29 November 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Arumugam|first=S.|title=Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon|url=http://noolaham.net/project/19/1810/1810.pdf|year=1997|page=230|authorlink=S. Arumugam}}</ref>{{Efn|Another source gives Parthipan's date of birth as 27 November 1963<ref name="TN040903">{{cite news|title=Thileepan's 16th death anniversary to be commemorated|url=https://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=9873|work=[[TamilNet]]|date=4 September 2003}}</ref> whilst another gives his year of birth as 1962.<ref name="Mehta">{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=Raj K.|title=Lost Victory: The Rise & Fall of LTTE Supremo, V. Prabhakaran|date=2010|publisher=Pentagon Press|isbn=978-81-8274-443-1|page=176|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyRZKMxTPXsC}}</ref>}} He was from [[Urelu]] near [[Urumpirai]] in northern [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]].<ref name="CT260415">{{cite news|last1=Wijerathna|first1=Arunadale|last2=Kulasuriya|first2=Madhawa|title=Was Thileepan killed to make him a martyr?|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/90-91041-news-detail-was-thileepan-killed-to-make-him-a-martyr.html|work=[[Ceylon Today]]|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> His father was a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] teacher and he had three older brothers.<ref name="CT260415"/> His mother died when Parthipan was three months old.<ref name="CT260415"/> After his father died of diabetes he was brought up by his brothers.<ref name="CT260415"/> He was educated at [[Jaffna Hindu College]].<ref name="TN040903"/><ref name="Mehta"/><ref name="CT260415"/> After school he enrolled in the [[University of Jaffna]].<ref name="TN040903"/><ref name="CT260415"/>
Parthipan was born on 29 November 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Arumugam|first=S.|title=Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon|url=http://noolaham.net/project/19/1810/1810.pdf|year=1997|page=230|authorlink=S. Arumugam}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=திலீபம்|url=https://noolaham.net/project/733/73207/73207.pdf|year=1988|page=124}}</ref>{{Efn|Another source gives Parthipan's date of birth as 27 November 1963<ref name="TN040903">{{cite news|title=Thileepan's 16th death anniversary to be commemorated|url=https://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=9873|work=[[TamilNet]]|date=4 September 2003}}</ref> whilst another gives his year of birth as 1962.<ref name="Mehta">{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=Raj K.|title=Lost Victory: The Rise & Fall of LTTE Supremo, V. Prabhakaran|date=2010|publisher=Pentagon Press|isbn=978-81-8274-443-1|page=176|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyRZKMxTPXsC}}</ref>}} He was from [[Urelu]] near [[Urumpirai]] in northern [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]].<ref name="CT260415">{{cite news|last1=Wijerathna|first1=Arunadale|last2=Kulasuriya|first2=Madhawa|title=Was Thileepan killed to make him a martyr?|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/90-91041-news-detail-was-thileepan-killed-to-make-him-a-martyr.html|work=[[Ceylon Today]]|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> His father was a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] teacher and he had three older brothers.<ref name="CT260415"/> His mother died when Parthipan was three months old.<ref name="CT260415"/> After his father died of diabetes he was brought up by his brothers.<ref name="CT260415"/> He was educated at [[Jaffna Hindu College]].<ref name="TN040903"/><ref name="Mehta"/><ref name="CT260415"/> After school he enrolled in the [[University of Jaffna]].<ref name="TN040903"/><ref name="CT260415"/>


==LTTE==
==LTTE==
Parthipan joined the [[Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups|militant]] [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) prior to the 1983 [[Black July]] anti-Tamil riots.<ref name="Mehta"/> He was given the [[nom de guerre]] Thileepan. Injured in the stomach in May 1987 during the [[Vadamarachchi Operation]] (Operation Liberation), he became the LTTE's political leader for [[Jaffna peninsula]].<ref name="Rajasingham">{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD13Df02.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20021001211331/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD13Df02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-10-01|chapter=Chapter 35: Accord turns to discord}}</ref><ref name="Bhattacharya">{{cite book|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Samir|title=Nothing But! - Book Five: All is Fair in Love and War|date=2014|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1-4828-1733-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndIAAwAAQBAJ|chapter=Chapter 7: Caught in a Tangled Web}}</ref>
Parthipan joined the [[Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups|militant]] [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) prior to the 1983 [[Black July]] anti-Tamil riots.<ref name="Mehta"/> He was given the [[nom de guerre]] Thileepan. Injured in the stomach in May 1987 during the [[Vadamarachchi Operation]] (Operation Liberation), he became the LTTE's political leader for [[Jaffna peninsula]].<ref name="Rajasingham">{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD13Df02.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20021001211331/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD13Df02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-10-01|chapter=Chapter 35: Accord turns to discord}}</ref><ref name="Bhattacharya">{{cite book|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Samir|title=Nothing But! - Book Five: All is Fair in Love and War|date=2014|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1-4828-1733-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndIAAwAAQBAJ|chapter=Chapter 7: Caught in a Tangled Web}}</ref>


As hostilities increased in northern Sri Lanka, the LTTE handed over a letter to the Indian High Commissioner on 13 September 1987 making five demands: the release of all political prisoners held under the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act (Sri Lanka)|Prevention of Terrorism Act]] and emergency regulations; cessation of [[Sri Lankan state-sponsored colonisation schemes|Sinhalese colonisation of Tamil areas]] under the guise of "rehabilitation"; cessation of all "rehabilitation" activities until the establishment of the Interim Administrative Council; cessation of construction of police stations in the [[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Northern]] and [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Eastern]] provinces; and the disarmament of [[Home Guard (Sri Lanka)|Home Guards]] and withdrawal of the army/police from schools and colleges.<ref name="Sangam">{{cite web|last1=Sabesan|title=Message of Sacrifice - 19 Years On...|url=http://sangam.org/taraki/articles/2006/09-26_Thileepan.php?uid=1970|publisher=Ilankai Tamil Sangam}}</ref><ref name="LAT270987">{{cite news|title=Tamil Rebel Dies After 12-Day Fast; Crowds Press Demands|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-09-27/news/mn-10642_1_tamil-rebel|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|date=27 September 1987}}</ref><ref name="Simanti">{{cite book|last1=Lahiri|first1=Simanti|title=Suicide Protest in South Asia: Consumed by Commitment|date=2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-82099-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzVEAwAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{Efn|Sri Lankan sources falsely claim that Thileepan's hunger strike was a protest against the presence of the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite news|title=More and more and more|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/040919/columns/political.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=19 September 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Weerakkody|first1= Kalinga|title=Students compelled to join LTTE hartal|url=http://www.island.lk/2002/09/28/news05.html|work=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)]]|date=28 September 2002}}</ref>}} The demands were aimed at the Indian rather than the Sri Lankan government because the LTTE believed that Indians could force the Sri Lankans to comply.<ref name="Simanti"/> The LTTE gave the Indians 24 hours to respond but no response, or even an acknowledgement, was received.<ref name="Sangam"/>
As hostilities increased in northern Sri Lanka, the LTTE handed over a letter to the Indian High Commissioner on 13 September 1987 making five demands: the release of all political prisoners held under the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act (Sri Lanka)|Prevention of Terrorism Act]] and emergency regulations; cessation of [[Sri Lankan state-sponsored colonisation schemes|Sinhalese colonisation of Tamil areas]] under the guise of "rehabilitation"; cessation of all "rehabilitation" activities until the establishment of the Interim Administrative Council; cessation of construction of police stations in the [[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Northern]] and [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Eastern]] provinces; and the disarmament of [[Home Guard (Sri Lanka)|Home Guards]] and withdrawal of the army/police from schools and colleges.<ref name="Sangam">{{cite web|last1=Sabesan|title=Message of Sacrifice - 19 Years On...|url=http://sangam.org/taraki/articles/2006/09-26_Thileepan.php?uid=1970|publisher=Ilankai Tamil Sangam}}</ref><ref name="LAT270987">{{cite news|title=Tamil Rebel Dies After 12-Day Fast; Crowds Press Demands|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-27-mn-10642-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|date=27 September 1987}}</ref><ref name="Simanti">{{cite book|last1=Lahiri|first1=Simanti|title=Suicide Protest in South Asia: Consumed by Commitment|date=2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-82099-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzVEAwAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{Efn|Sri Lankan sources falsely claim that Thileepan's hunger strike was a protest against the presence of the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite news|title=More and more and more|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/040919/columns/political.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=19 September 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Weerakkody|first1= Kalinga|title=Students compelled to join LTTE hartal|url=http://www.island.lk/2002/09/28/news05.html|work=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)]]|date=28 September 2002}}</ref>}} The demands were aimed at the Indian rather than the Sri Lankan government because the LTTE believed that Indians could force the Sri Lankans to comply.<ref name="Simanti"/> The LTTE gave the Indians 24 hours to respond but no response, or even an acknowledgement, was received.<ref name="Sangam"/>


==Hunger strike==
==Hunger strike==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{Url|1=eelamview.com/2012/09/25/lt-col-thileepan-2/|2=Eelam View}}
* {{URL|1=eelamview.com/2012/09/25/lt-col-thileepan-2/|2=Eelam View}}
* {{Url|1=tamilnation.co/tamileelam/maveerar/thileepan.htm|2=Tamil Nation}}
* {{URL|1=tamilnation.co/tamileelam/maveerar/thileepan.htm|2=Tamil Nation}}
* {{URL|1=http://veeravengaikal.com/maaveerar/index.php/maaveerarlist?view=maaveerarlistdetails&Itemid=103&cid=704|2=Veeravengaikal.com}}
* {{URL|1=http://veeravengaikal.com/maaveerar/index.php/maaveerarlist?view=maaveerarlistdetails&Itemid=103&cid=704|2=Veeravengaikal.com}}


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[[Category:People from Northern Province, Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:People from Northern Province, Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:People who died on hunger strike]]
[[Category:People who died on hunger strike]]
[[Category:Hunger strikers]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil rebels]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil rebels]]
[[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]]
[[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]]

Latest revision as of 08:44, 12 February 2026


In this Tamil name, there is no surname or family name. The name Rasaiah is a patronym, and the person should be referred to by their given name, Parthipan.
Thiyaka Theepam [1]
Lt. Colonel

Thileepan
திலீபன்
Born
R. Parthipan

(1963-11-29)29 November 1963
Urelu, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Died26 September 1987(1987-09-26) (aged 23)
Nallur, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Other namesAmirthalingam Thileepan
Years active1983 –1987
OrganizationLiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Rasaiah Parthipan (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; 29 November 1963 – 26 September 1987; commonly known by the nom de guerre Thileepan) was a Tamil Eelam revolutionary and member of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a separatist Tamil militant organisation in Sri Lanka. He died while on hunger strike.[2][3][4][5][6]

Early life and family[edit | edit source]

Parthipan was born on 29 November 1963.[7][8][lower-alpha 1] He was from Urelu near Urumpirai in northern Ceylon.[11] His father was a Tamil teacher and he had three older brothers.[11] His mother died when Parthipan was three months old.[11] After his father died of diabetes he was brought up by his brothers.[11] He was educated at Jaffna Hindu College.[9][10][11] After school he enrolled in the University of Jaffna.[9][11]

LTTE[edit | edit source]

Parthipan joined the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) prior to the 1983 Black July anti-Tamil riots.[10] He was given the nom de guerre Thileepan. Injured in the stomach in May 1987 during the Vadamarachchi Operation (Operation Liberation), he became the LTTE's political leader for Jaffna peninsula.[12][13]

As hostilities increased in northern Sri Lanka, the LTTE handed over a letter to the Indian High Commissioner on 13 September 1987 making five demands: the release of all political prisoners held under the Prevention of Terrorism Act and emergency regulations; cessation of Sinhalese colonisation of Tamil areas under the guise of "rehabilitation"; cessation of all "rehabilitation" activities until the establishment of the Interim Administrative Council; cessation of construction of police stations in the Northern and Eastern provinces; and the disarmament of Home Guards and withdrawal of the army/police from schools and colleges.[14][15][16][lower-alpha 2] The demands were aimed at the Indian rather than the Sri Lankan government because the LTTE believed that Indians could force the Sri Lankans to comply.[16] The LTTE gave the Indians 24 hours to respond but no response, or even an acknowledgement, was received.[14]

Hunger strike[edit | edit source]

Determined to make the Indians meet the demands, Thileepan began a hunger strike on 15 September 1987 in front of Nallur Kandaswamy Temple.[15][19][20] Thileepan gave speeches which were broadcast on Nidharshanam, the LTTE's TV stations.[12][13] People from all over Jaffna peninsula came to observe and participate in the hunger strike.[12][13] On 22 September 1987 Indian High Commissioner J. N. Dixit arrived at Palaly Airport and was met by LTTE leader V. Prabhakaran who wanted Dixit to go and see Thileepan.[13] Dixit wanted a written guarantee from Prabhakaran that Thileepan would end his hunger strike if Dixit met with him but Prabhakaran couldn't give the guarantee.[13] As his condition deteriorated, Thileepan stopped giving speeches.[12] After refusing food or water for 12 days, Thileepan died on 26 September 1987.[15][21][22][23] After a "martyr's funeral" in Jaffna, Thileepan's body was handed over to the University of Jaffna's medical faculty.[12]

Aftermath[edit | edit source]

LTTE leader Prabhakaran accused India of betraying the Tamils after vowing to protect them.[24] Thileepan's death resulted in large anti-government and anti-Indian protests in northern Sri Lanka.[15][21][16]

Statues[edit | edit source]

A statue of Thileepan was built behind Nallur Kandaswamy Temple in 1988.[25][26] After the Sri Lankan military re-captured the Valikamam region in 1996 they destroyed the statue.[25][26] The statue was re-built in 2003 during the Norwegian mediated Cease Fire Agreement.[27] After war resumed, Thileepan's photograph and decorative lamps at the statue were damaged by the army on 26 October 2006.[25][26] Thileepan's statue was attacked and destroyed by armed men on 18 November 2007.[25] The remnants of Thileepan's memorial, the pillar, was destroyed by the army on 21 March 2010.[26]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Another source gives Parthipan's date of birth as 27 November 1963[9] whilst another gives his year of birth as 1962.[10]
  2. ↑ Sri Lankan sources falsely claim that Thileepan's hunger strike was a protest against the presence of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka.[17][18]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "The light of sacrifice: Remembering Thileepan 31 years on | Tamil Guardian".
  2. ↑ de Silva, K. M. (1995). Regional Powers and Small State Security: India and Sri Lanka, 1977-1990. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. p. 258. ISBN 0-8018-5149-1.
  3. ↑ Cummings, Joe; Cannon, Teresa; Elliott, Mark; Ver Berkmoes, Ryan (2006). Sri Lanka. Lonely Planet. p. 309. ISBN 9781740599757.
  4. ↑ Balachandran, P. K. (3 July 2015). "Former LTTE Militants To Contest Polls As 'Crusaders For Democracy'". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015.
  5. ↑ Subramanian, T. S. (7 February 1998). "Unravelling the plot". Frontline. 15 (3).
  6. ↑ Furlong, Ray (23 April 2009). "amil hunger strike in third week". BBC News.
  7. ↑ Arumugam, S. (1997). Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon (PDF). p. 230.
  8. ↑ திலீபம் (PDF). 1988. p. 124.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Thileepan's 16th death anniversary to be commemorated". TamilNet. 4 September 2003.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Mehta, Raj K. (2010). Lost Victory: The Rise & Fall of LTTE Supremo, V. Prabhakaran. Pentagon Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-81-8274-443-1.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Wijerathna, Arunadale; Kulasuriya, Madhawa (26 April 2015). "Was Thileepan killed to make him a martyr?". Ceylon Today.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 35: Accord turns to discord". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Bhattacharya, Samir (2014). "Chapter 7: Caught in a Tangled Web". Nothing But! - Book Five: All is Fair in Love and War. Partridge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4828-1733-1.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Sabesan. "Message of Sacrifice - 19 Years On..." Ilankai Tamil Sangam.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Tamil Rebel Dies After 12-Day Fast; Crowds Press Demands". Los Angeles Times. United Press International. 27 September 1987.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Lahiri, Simanti (2014). Suicide Protest in South Asia: Consumed by Commitment. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82099-8.
  17. ↑ "More and more and more". The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka). 19 September 2004.
  18. ↑ Weerakkody, Kalinga (28 September 2002). "Students compelled to join LTTE hartal". The Island (Sri Lanka).
  19. ↑ Krishna, Sankaran (1999). Postcolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka, and the Question of Nationhood. University of Minnesota Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-8166-3329-0.
  20. ↑ "LTTE leader pays homage to Thileepan, Sankar". TamilNet. 26 September 2008.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "A Tamil Separatist Leader Dies in Protest Fast". The New York Times. 27 September 1987.
  22. ↑ Murari, S. (2012). The Prabhakaran Saga: The Rise and Fall of an Eelam Warrior. SAGE Publications. p. 39. ISBN 978-81-321-0701-9.
  23. ↑ Sri-Skanda-Rajah, Usha S. (26 September 2015). "Thileepan: The Reckoning That Non-Violence Didn't Stand A Chance". Colombo Telegraph.
  24. ↑ "A Tamil Separatist Leader Dies in Protest Fast". The New York Times. 27 September 1987.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 "Thileepan statue destroyed in Nalloor, Jaffna". TamilNet. No. 20 November 2007.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 "Sinhalese soldiers, hooligans destroy Thileepan memorial in Jaffna". TamilNet. 23 March 2010.
  27. ↑ "Lt. Col. Thileepan memorial re-opened in Nallur". TamilNet. No. 25 August 2003.

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