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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox park | {{Infobox park | ||
| name = Aram Bagh | | name = Aram Bagh, Agra | ||
| image = Chhatri at Arambagh 2.jpg | |||
| image_caption = A [[chhatri]] at Aram Bagh, in 2024 | |||
| type = [[Botanical garden]] | | type = [[Botanical garden]] | ||
| location = [[ | | location = [[Agra]], India | ||
| coords ={{coord|27|12|20.347|N|78|2|15.9|E|display=inline,title|name=Aram Bagh, Agra}} | | coords = {{coord|27|12|20.347|N|78|2|15.9|E|display=inline,title|name=Aram Bagh, Agra}} | ||
| established = {{Start date and age|1526|df=yes}} | |||
| founder = [[Babur]] | |||
| status = Open all year | |||
| embedded = {{designation list | embed = yes | |||
| designation1 = MANI | |||
}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
[[File:The Indian empire- history, topography, geology, climate, population, chief cities and provinces; tributary and protected states; military power and resources; religion, education, crime; land (14769184302).jpg|thumb|Agra, from the Jahara Baug]] | [[File:The Indian empire- history, topography, geology, climate, population, chief cities and provinces; tributary and protected states; military power and resources; religion, education, crime; land (14769184302).jpg|thumb|Agra, from the Jahara Baug]] | ||
The '''Aram Bagh''' is the oldest [[Mughal | [[File:Pavilions of Aram Bagh 1.jpg|thumb|Water channels and pavilion of Aram Bagh]] | ||
The '''Aram Bagh''' is the oldest [[Mughal garden]] in India, originally built by [[Babur|Emperor Babur]], the [[List of emperors of the Mughal Empire|first Mughal emperor]], in 1526,<ref name="Rangan">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Agra beyond the Taj: Exploring tombs and gardens on the left bank of Yamuna |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/agra-beyond-the-taj-exploring-tombs-and-gardens-on-the-left-bank-of-yamuna/cid/2031729 |access-date=18 July 2024 |agency=My Kolkata |publisher=The Telegraph |date=5 July 2024}}</ref> located about five kilometers northeast of the [[Taj Mahal]] in [[Agra]], [[India]]. Babur was temporarily buried there before being interred in [[Kabul]].{{Cn|date=July 2024}} | |||
==Etymology== | |||
The name ''Aaram Bagh'' translates to 'Garden of Rest'.{{sfn|Nath|1982|p=91}} | |||
When Emperor Babur laid out this garden, he named it 'Bāgh-i-Gul Afshān' ({{Literal translation|The Flower-Scatterer Garden}}). It was later renamed as Aram Bagh or the 'Garden of Rest'.{{sfn|Nath|1982|p=91}} When the Marathas came to power in Agra between 1774 and 1803, they changed the name from 'Aram Bagh' to 'Ram Bagh', and the name has remained ever since.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaturvedi |first=Hemendra |date=21 January 2024 |title=Today’s Ram Bagh was once ‘Aram Bagh’ of Mughal emperor Babur |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/todays-ram-bagh-was-once-aram-bagh-of-mughal-emperor-babur-101705846511516-amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910074121/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/todays-ram-bagh-was-once-aram-bagh-of-mughal-emperor-babur-101705846511516-amp.html |archive-date=10 September 2024 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> | |||
It is also variously known as '<nowiki/>''Bagh-i Nur Afshan''' which translates to 'Light-Scattering Garden', ''Aalsi Bagh'' or 'Lazy Garden': according to legend, Emperor [[Akbar]] proposed to his third wife, who was a gardener there, by lying idle for six days until she agreed to marry him.<ref name="K"/> | |||
== History == | |||
The garden is a [[Persian garden]], where pathways and canals divide the garden to represent the Islamic ideal of paradise, an abundant garden through which rivers flow. The Aram Bagh provides an example of a variant of the charbagh in which water cascades down three terraces in a sequence of cascades. Two viewing pavilions face the [[Yamuna River|Jumna]] river and incorporates a subterranean 'tahkhana' which was used during the hot summers to provide relief for visitors. The garden has numerous water courses and fountains.<ref name="K">Koch, p.37-41</ref> | |||
[[Jahangir]] waited in the garden in early March 1621 for the most astrologically auspicious hour for him to enter Agra after he took the [[Fort of Kangra]]. Jahangir made several additions in the garden, which includes two marble pavilions and a number of ''chhatris''. The preserved, surviving architecture dates to his reign and demonstrates the skill of his wife [[Nur Jahan]] as a garden designer.<ref name="K"/><ref name="Rangan"/> | |||
==In art and literature== | |||
An engraving of [[Thomas Shotter Boys]]' painting is in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835, together with a poetical illustration (''The history of Shah Dara's flight and death'') by [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]] entitled {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835/Jahara Baug, Agra|Jahara Baug, Agra]]}}<ref>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Bzk_AAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA24|section=poetical illustration and picture|pages=24-25|year=1834|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> | |||
[[ | ==See also== | ||
* [[List of parks in Delhi]] | |||
==Citations== | ==Citations== | ||
| Line 23: | Line 44: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
*{{cite book | last = Koch | first = Ebba | title = The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra | type = Hardback | edition = First | publisher = Thames & Hudson Ltd | isbn = 0-500-34209-1 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/completetajmahal0000koch/page/288 288 pages] | url = https://archive.org/details/completetajmahal0000koch/page/288 }} | *{{cite book | last = Koch | first = Ebba | title = The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra | date = 20 August 2023 | type = Hardback | edition = First | publisher = Thames & Hudson Ltd | isbn = 978-0-500-34209-1 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/completetajmahal0000koch/page/288 288 pages] | url = https://archive.org/details/completetajmahal0000koch/page/288 }} | ||
*{{cite web| url = http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/ram_bagh.htm| title = Gardens guide - Aram Bagh| access-date = 2007-03-14| last = Turner| first = Tom| year = 1998| publisher = Gardenvisit.com| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061016214330/http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/ram_bagh.htm| archive-date = 16 October 2006| url-status = dead| df = dmy-all}} | *{{cite web| url = http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/ram_bagh.htm| title = Gardens guide - Aram Bagh| access-date = 2007-03-14| last = Turner| first = Tom| year = 1998| publisher = Gardenvisit.com| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061016214330/http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/ram_bagh.htm| archive-date = 16 October 2006| url-status = dead| df = dmy-all}} | ||
*{{cite web| url = http://www.agrahub.com/agra-monuments/rambagh-gardens.html| title = Arambagh Gardens Agra| access-date = 2007-03-14| publisher = Agra hub| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070406040937/http://www.agrahub.com/agra-monuments/rambagh-gardens.html| archive-date = 2007-04-06}} | *{{cite web| url = http://www.agrahub.com/agra-monuments/rambagh-gardens.html| title = Arambagh Gardens Agra| access-date = 2007-03-14| publisher = Agra hub| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070406040937/http://www.agrahub.com/agra-monuments/rambagh-gardens.html| archive-date = 2007-04-06}} | ||
* {{citation| title = History Of Mughal Architecture Vol.1 | last = Nath | first = Ram | authorlink = Ram Nath| isbn = 9788170171591 | publisher = Abhinav Publications | date = 1982 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532498/page/n335}} | |||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
*{{cite web| url = | *{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/7437775/The_Mughal_Waterfront_Garden |title=The Mughal Waterfront Garden. In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design |access-date=2007-02-13 |author=Koch |first=Ebba |year=1997 |editor-last=Petruccioli |editor-first=Attilio |publisher=E. J. Brill}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 40: | Line 62: | ||
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Agra]] | [[Category:Tourist attractions in Agra]] | ||
[[Category:Gardens in Uttar Pradesh]] | [[Category:Gardens in Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Persian gardens in India]] | [[Category:Persian gardens in India]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Historic sites in Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:1528 in India]] | [[Category:1528 in India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:24, 29 March 2026
| Aram Bagh, Agra | |
|---|---|
 A chhatri at Aram Bagh, in 2024 | |
| Lua error in Module:Infobox_mapframe at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | |
| Type | Botanical garden |
| Location | Agra, India |
| Coordinates | 27°12′20.347″N 78°2′15.9″E / 27.20565194°N 78.037750°E |
| Established | 1526 |
| Founder | Babur |
| Status | Open all year |
| Template:Infobox designation list/entry | |
.jpg)
The Aram Bagh is the oldest Mughal garden in India, originally built by Emperor Babur, the first Mughal emperor, in 1526,[1] located about five kilometers northeast of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. Babur was temporarily buried there before being interred in Kabul.[citation needed]
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The name Aaram Bagh translates to 'Garden of Rest'.[2]
When Emperor Babur laid out this garden, he named it 'Bāgh-i-Gul Afshān' (lit. 'The Flower-Scatterer Garden'). It was later renamed as Aram Bagh or the 'Garden of Rest'.[2] When the Marathas came to power in Agra between 1774 and 1803, they changed the name from 'Aram Bagh' to 'Ram Bagh', and the name has remained ever since.[3]
It is also variously known as 'Bagh-i Nur Afshan' which translates to 'Light-Scattering Garden', Aalsi Bagh or 'Lazy Garden': according to legend, Emperor Akbar proposed to his third wife, who was a gardener there, by lying idle for six days until she agreed to marry him.[4]
History[edit | edit source]
The garden is a Persian garden, where pathways and canals divide the garden to represent the Islamic ideal of paradise, an abundant garden through which rivers flow. The Aram Bagh provides an example of a variant of the charbagh in which water cascades down three terraces in a sequence of cascades. Two viewing pavilions face the Jumna river and incorporates a subterranean 'tahkhana' which was used during the hot summers to provide relief for visitors. The garden has numerous water courses and fountains.[4]
Jahangir waited in the garden in early March 1621 for the most astrologically auspicious hour for him to enter Agra after he took the Fort of Kangra. Jahangir made several additions in the garden, which includes two marble pavilions and a number of chhatris. The preserved, surviving architecture dates to his reign and demonstrates the skill of his wife Nur Jahan as a garden designer.[4][1]
In art and literature[edit | edit source]
An engraving of Thomas Shotter Boys' painting is in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835, together with a poetical illustration (The history of Shah Dara's flight and death) by Letitia Elizabeth Landon entitled Template:Ws[5]
See also[edit | edit source]
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Datta, Rangan (5 July 2024). "Agra beyond the Taj: Exploring tombs and gardens on the left bank of Yamuna". The Telegraph. My Kolkata. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nath 1982, p. 91.
- ↑ Chaturvedi, Hemendra (21 January 2024). "Today's Ram Bagh was once 'Aram Bagh' of Mughal emperor Babur". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Koch, p.37-41
- ↑ Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1834). "poetical illustration and picture". Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835. Fisher, Son & Co. pp. 24–25.
References[edit | edit source]
- Koch, Ebba (20 August 2023). The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra (Hardback) (First ed.). Thames & Hudson Ltd. pp. 288 pages. ISBN 978-0-500-34209-1.
- Turner, Tom (1998). "Gardens guide - Aram Bagh". Gardenvisit.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 14 March 2007.
- "Arambagh Gardens Agra". Agra hub. Archived from the original on 6 April 2007. Retrieved 14 March 2007.
- Nath, Ram (1982), History Of Mughal Architecture Vol.1, Abhinav Publications, ISBN 9788170171591
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Koch, Ebba (1997). Petruccioli, Attilio (ed.). "The Mughal Waterfront Garden. In Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design". E. J. Brill. Retrieved 13 February 2007.
External links[edit | edit source]
Tourist attractions in and near Agra | ||
|---|---|---|
| World Heritage Sites |  | |
| Mughal architecture | ||
| Mosques | ||
| Other religious places | ||
| Shopping | ||
| Gardens | ||
| Wildlife sanctuaries | ||
| Fairs | ||