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The '''All India Kurmi | {{Short description|Indian caste organisation}} | ||
The '''All India Kurmi Mahasabha''' (AIKM) is an organisation that was established in 1910 to promote the interests of the [[Kurmi]] community. | |||
== Origin == | == Origin == | ||
The Kurmi agriculturist community had a reputation as hard-working | The Kurmi agriculturist community had a reputation as a hard-working [[caste system in India|caste]] by the authorities of the [[British Raj]]. They were at one time classified as a [[Criminal Tribes Act |criminal tribe]] and had a reputation for being violent and ruthless in their attempts to dominate [[untouchability|untouchable]] communities.<ref name="Kumar" /> Desiring recognition as a caste, the first Kurmi community association was formed in 1894 at [[Lucknow]] to protest against the recruitment policy that debarred them from entry to the police service. This was followed by an organisation in [[Awadh]] that sought to draw other communities such as the [[Patidar]]s, [[Maratha]]s, Kudumbars, [[Velama]], [[Vokkaliga]], [[Khandayat]], [[Kamboj]], under the umbrella of the Kurmi name. This body then campaigned for Kurmis to classify themselves as [[Kshatriya]] but there's no valid proof to support this statement in the 1901 census and, according to [[Christophe Jaffrelot]], this led to the formation of the All India Kurmi Mahasabha in 1910.<ref>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=197 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-29}}</ref> Other sources agree with this general history, which reflected a wider trend among Indian communities for social and political recognition, but consider the AIKKM to have formed in 1894.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite book |title=Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar |first=Ashwani |last=Kumar |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2008 |isbn=9781843317098 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&pg=PA35 |page=35}}</ref> | ||
but there's no valid proof to support this statement in the 1901 census and, according to [[Christophe Jaffrelot]], this led to the formation of the All India Kurmi Mahasabha in 1910.<ref>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=197 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot | | |||
In the 1940s and after, following the [[independence of India]], the position of the AIKKM as a focal point for the community changed. In common with many other caste associations, it had been concerned primarily with resolving disputes among members of the community and with maintaining cohesion but a new breed of educated, youthful Kurmi activists sought a more politicised agenda. They appealed to the upwardly-mobile landowning members of the community to support their goal of recognition for [[Chhattisgarh]] as an independent state within the Republic of India. Some of these people, who included [[Purushottam Kaushik]], formed organisations such as the Nau Yuvak Sangh (1946), while [[Khubchand Bagel]] was elected as head of the AIKKM in 1948 but, like Kaushik, was primarily interested the Chhattisgarh issue.<ref>{{cite book |title=Remapping India: New States and their Political Origins |first=Louise |last=Tillin |publisher=Hurst Publishers |year=2013 |isbn=9781849042291 |pages=119–120, 154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abENAQAAQBAJ}}</ref> | In the 1940s and after, following the [[independence of India]], the position of the AIKKM as a focal point for the community changed. In common with many other caste associations, it had been concerned primarily with resolving disputes among members of the community and with maintaining cohesion but a new breed of educated, youthful Kurmi activists sought a more politicised agenda. They appealed to the upwardly-mobile landowning members of the community to support their goal of recognition for [[Chhattisgarh]] as an independent state within the Republic of India. Some of these people, who included [[Purushottam Kaushik]], formed organisations such as the Nau Yuvak Sangh (1946), while [[Khubchand Bagel]] was elected as head of the AIKKM in 1948 but, like Kaushik, was primarily interested the Chhattisgarh issue.<ref>{{cite book |title=Remapping India: New States and their Political Origins |first=Louise |last=Tillin |publisher=Hurst Publishers |year=2013 |isbn=9781849042291 |pages=119–120, 154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abENAQAAQBAJ}}</ref> | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Bhumi Sena]] | *[[Bhumi Sena]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Organizations established in 1910]] | [[Category:Organizations established in 1910]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indian castes]] | ||
Revision as of 18:42, 5 November 2025
The All India Kurmi Mahasabha (AIKM) is an organisation that was established in 1910 to promote the interests of the Kurmi community.
Origin
The Kurmi agriculturist community had a reputation as a hard-working caste by the authorities of the British Raj. They were at one time classified as a criminal tribe and had a reputation for being violent and ruthless in their attempts to dominate untouchable communities.[1] Desiring recognition as a caste, the first Kurmi community association was formed in 1894 at Lucknow to protest against the recruitment policy that debarred them from entry to the police service. This was followed by an organisation in Awadh that sought to draw other communities such as the Patidars, Marathas, Kudumbars, Velama, Vokkaliga, Khandayat, Kamboj, under the umbrella of the Kurmi name. This body then campaigned for Kurmis to classify themselves as Kshatriya but there's no valid proof to support this statement in the 1901 census and, according to Christophe Jaffrelot, this led to the formation of the All India Kurmi Mahasabha in 1910.[2] Other sources agree with this general history, which reflected a wider trend among Indian communities for social and political recognition, but consider the AIKKM to have formed in 1894.[1]
In the 1940s and after, following the independence of India, the position of the AIKKM as a focal point for the community changed. In common with many other caste associations, it had been concerned primarily with resolving disputes among members of the community and with maintaining cohesion but a new breed of educated, youthful Kurmi activists sought a more politicised agenda. They appealed to the upwardly-mobile landowning members of the community to support their goal of recognition for Chhattisgarh as an independent state within the Republic of India. Some of these people, who included Purushottam Kaushik, formed organisations such as the Nau Yuvak Sangh (1946), while Khubchand Bagel was elected as head of the AIKKM in 1948 but, like Kaushik, was primarily interested the Chhattisgarh issue.[3]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kumar, Ashwani (2008). Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar. Anthem Press. p. 35. ISBN 9781843317098.
- ↑ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 197. ISBN 978-1-85065-670-8. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
- ↑ Tillin, Louise (2013). Remapping India: New States and their Political Origins. Hurst Publishers. pp. 119–120, 154. ISBN 9781849042291.