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{{ | {{Short description|Rajput queen}} | ||
{{Similar names|Samyuktha (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}} | |||
{{use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=December 2009}} | {{more citations needed|date=December 2009}} | ||
| Line 5: | Line 7: | ||
| religion = [[Hinduism]] | | religion = [[Hinduism]] | ||
| based_on = [[Prithviraj Raso]] | | based_on = [[Prithviraj Raso]] | ||
| spouse | | spouse = [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] | ||
| creator = [[Chand Bardai]] | | creator = [[Chand Bardai]] | ||
| title = Princess of [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]] | | title = Princess of [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]] | ||
| family = [[Gahadavala]] ''(by birth)''<br>[[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamanas]] ''(by marriage)'' | | family = [[Gahadavala]] ''(by birth)''<br>[[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamanas]] ''(by marriage)'' | ||
| relatives = [[Jaichand]] ''(Father)'' | | relatives = [[Jaichand]] ''(Father)'' | ||
| image = Equestrian painting of Prithviraj Chauhan and Samyukta, Rajasthani School, circa 19th century.jpg | |||
| caption = Equestrian painting of Prithviraj Chauhan and Samyukta, Rajasthani School, circa 19th century | |||
| first_date = | | first_date = | ||
}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Samyukta''', also known as '''Sanyogita''' or '''Sanjukta''', was the daughter of [[Jaichand]], the King of [[Kannauj]], and one of three wives of [[Prithviraj Chauhan]].{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=132}} The love between Prithviraj and Samyukta is one of India's most popular medieval romances, composed by [[Chand Bardai]] in ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prithviraja III|url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Prithviraja-III|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tripāṭhī |first=Candrabalī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lptUQEU1GWcC&dq=sanyogita&pg=PA112 |title=The Evolution of Ideals of Womenhood in Indian Society |date=2005 |publisher=Gyan Books |isbn=978-81-7835-425-5 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Legend== | ==Legend== | ||
[[File:Turning Point of Indian History.jpg|thumb| | [[File:Turning Point of Indian History.jpg|thumb|Saving Samyukta]] | ||
At the peak of his reign, Prithviraj had annexed vast regions of India to his kingdom, and his fame had spread all across the subcontinent and to Afghanistan. Many lesser kings were envious and wary of his power, including Raja [[Jayachandra|Jaichand]] of [[Kannauj]]. Jaichand's daughter, Samyukta, was a headstrong girl who was known for her bewitching beauty. She is said to have fallen in love with | At the peak of his reign, Prithviraj had annexed vast regions of India to his kingdom, and his fame had spread all across the subcontinent and to Afghanistan. Many lesser kings were envious and wary of his power, including Raja [[Jayachandra|Jaichand]] of [[Kannauj]]. Jaichand's daughter, Samyukta, was a headstrong girl who was known for her bewitching beauty. She is said to have fallen in love with Prithviraj–like the two other princesses, Shashivrata and Padmavati, before her{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=284}}—as his reputation dazzled her. She desired nobody but him. For his part, Prithviraj had heard of Samyukta's loveliness and fell in love with her as well. However, Jaichand and Prithviraj were rivals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Everything you must know about Sanyogita {{!}} Prithviraj Chauhan's wife history {{!}}|url=https://mahendrasinghbalot.blogspot.com/2020/12/Sanyogita-Prithviraj-Chauhan-wife-history.html|website=Reality of Indian history}}</ref> | ||
On finding out about the affair, Raja Jaichand was outraged that a romance had been budding behind his back. Jaichand decided to insult Prithviraj and arranged a ''[[ | On finding out about the affair, Raja Jaichand was outraged that a romance had been budding behind his back. Jaichand decided to insult Prithviraj and arranged a ''[[svayamvara]]'' for his daughter in 1185 CE. He invited royalty from far and wide to the ceremony, every eligible prince and king—except Prithviraj. He then commissioned a clay statue of Prithviraj, which served as a ''[[dvarapala]]'' (or, a figurative "doorman") to Jaichand's court. | ||
Prithviraj Chauhan, on hearing about the impending ''svayamvara'', devised a plan to elope with the bride-to-be. On the day of the ceremony, Samyukta walked through the court holding the ceremonial garland, ignoring the gazes of her ardent suitors. She passed through the door and put the garland around the neck of Prithviraj's statue, declaring him her husband. Prithiviraj, who meanwhile was hiding behind the statue, caught Samyukta up in his arms, set her on his horse, and whisked her away to Delhi. Raja Jaichand was enraged.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Pradeep |title=कैसे बिना आँखों के पृथ्वीराज चौहान ने मुहम्मद गोरी को मार गिराया |url=https://www.newstrend.news/12425/prithviraj-chauhan/ |website=newstrend.news |date=11 October 2016 |publisher=Newstrend |access-date=5 June 2021 |language=Hindi}}</ref> This led to a rift between Delhi and [[Kannauj]], which was later taken advantage of by [[Mohammad Ghori]] of Afghanistan. | |||
Prithviraj Chauhan, on hearing about the impending '' | |||
== Historicity == | == Historicity == | ||
The historicity of Samyukta is a matter of debate. ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]'' is a historically unreliable text, having been embellished under the patronage of the | The historicity of Samyukta is a matter of debate. ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]'' is a historically unreliable text, having been embellished under the patronage of the Kshatriya rulers since the 16th century. However, some scholars such as [[Dasharatha Sharma]] believe that the more reliable ''[[Prithviraja Vijaya]]'', which was composed during the reign of Prithviraj Chauhan, also contains a reference to Samyukta.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=40}} | ||
An unfinished theme in the 11th chapter of ''Prithviraja Vijaya'' refers to Prithviraj's love for an unnamed woman who lived on the banks of the [[Ganges]] river (just like Samyukta). This woman is mentioned as an [[incarnation]] of [[Tilottama]], a legendary [[apsara]] (celestial nymph). However, even if this woman is same as Samyukta, there is no concrete evidence to support the ''Prithviraj Raso'' narrative of Samyuka's abduction and marriage to Prithviraj Chauhan.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=40}} | An unfinished theme in the 11th chapter of ''Prithviraja Vijaya'' refers to Prithviraj's love for an unnamed woman who lived on the banks of the [[Ganges]] river (just like Samyukta). This woman is mentioned as an [[incarnation]] of [[Tilottama]], a legendary [[apsara]] (celestial nymph). However, even if this woman is same as Samyukta, there is no concrete evidence to support the ''Prithviraj Raso'' narrative of Samyuka's abduction and marriage to Prithviraj Chauhan.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=40}} | ||
==Modern Indian culture== | ==Modern Indian culture== | ||
"Samyukta", which means "united" in [[Sanskrit]], is a popular girl's name in modern India. The life of Prithviraj Chauhan has also been the subject of a television show aired on [[Star Plus]], and a historical film titled ''[[Raani Samyuktha]]'' was made in 1962 with [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] and [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite | "Samyukta", which means "united" in [[Sanskrit]], is a popular girl's name in modern India. The life of Prithviraj Chauhan has also been the subject of a television show aired on [[Star Plus]] titled ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', the character of Sanyogita was portrayed by [[Mugdha Chaphekar]] in that series.<ref>{{Cite web |title='My fans want me to do a historical drama', says Mugdha Chaphekar |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/i-and-my-fans-want-me-to-work-in-a-historical-drama-says-mugdha-chaphekar-of-satrangi-sasural-fame |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> A historical film titled ''[[Raani Samyuktha]]'' was made in 1962 with [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] and [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani Samyuktha (1962) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-rani-samyuktha-1962/article7668441.ece |website=The Hindu |date=19 September 2015 |publisher=THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. |access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref> In the 2022 film ''[[Samrat Prithviraj]]'' by [[Chandraprakash Dwivedi]], the character of Sanyogita is portrayed by [[Manushi Chhillar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Prithviraj: Akshay Kumar, Manushi Chhilar's historical drama goes on floors; film to release on Diwali 2020|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/prithviraj-akshay-kumar-manushi-chhilars-historical-drama-goes-on-floors-film-to-release-on-diwali-2020-7655721.html/amp|work= The Firstpost|date=16 November 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref> In the 2008 Indian animated film Veeryodha Prithviraj Chauhan, she was voiced by [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]] in both, English and Hindi. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 35: | Line 38: | ||
=== Bibliography === | === Bibliography === | ||
{{ | {{refbegin}} | ||
* {{cite book |author=Cynthia Talbot |title=The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3DjCgAAQBAJ |publisher=Cambridge University Press UK |year=2015 |isbn=9781107118560 }} | * {{cite book |author=Cynthia Talbot |title=The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3DjCgAAQBAJ |publisher=Cambridge University Press UK |year=2015 |isbn=9781107118560 }} | ||
{{ | {{refend}} | ||
[[Category:Indian female royalty]] | [[Category:Indian female royalty]] | ||
| Line 44: | Line 47: | ||
[[Category:People from Kannauj]] | [[Category:People from Kannauj]] | ||
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] | [[Category:Year of birth unknown]] | ||
[[Category:12th-century Indian women]] | [[Category:12th-century Indian women]] | ||
[[Category:12th-century Indian people]] | [[Category:12th-century Indian people]] | ||
[[Category:Rajput princesses]] | |||
[[Category:Indian princesses]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:50, 24 February 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
| Samyukta | |
|---|---|
 Equestrian painting of Prithviraj Chauhan and Samyukta, Rajasthani School, circa 19th century | |
| Created by | Chand Bardai |
| Based on | Prithviraj Raso |
| In-universe information | |
| Title | Princess of Kannauj |
| Family | Gahadavala (by birth) Chahamanas (by marriage) |
| Spouse | Prithviraj Chauhan |
| Relatives | Jaichand (Father) |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Samyukta, also known as Sanyogita or Sanjukta, was the daughter of Jaichand, the King of Kannauj, and one of three wives of Prithviraj Chauhan.[1] The love between Prithviraj and Samyukta is one of India's most popular medieval romances, composed by Chand Bardai in Prithviraj Raso.[2][3]
Legend[edit | edit source]
At the peak of his reign, Prithviraj had annexed vast regions of India to his kingdom, and his fame had spread all across the subcontinent and to Afghanistan. Many lesser kings were envious and wary of his power, including Raja Jaichand of Kannauj. Jaichand's daughter, Samyukta, was a headstrong girl who was known for her bewitching beauty. She is said to have fallen in love with Prithviraj–like the two other princesses, Shashivrata and Padmavati, before her[4]—as his reputation dazzled her. She desired nobody but him. For his part, Prithviraj had heard of Samyukta's loveliness and fell in love with her as well. However, Jaichand and Prithviraj were rivals.[5]
On finding out about the affair, Raja Jaichand was outraged that a romance had been budding behind his back. Jaichand decided to insult Prithviraj and arranged a svayamvara for his daughter in 1185 CE. He invited royalty from far and wide to the ceremony, every eligible prince and king—except Prithviraj. He then commissioned a clay statue of Prithviraj, which served as a dvarapala (or, a figurative "doorman") to Jaichand's court. Prithviraj Chauhan, on hearing about the impending svayamvara, devised a plan to elope with the bride-to-be. On the day of the ceremony, Samyukta walked through the court holding the ceremonial garland, ignoring the gazes of her ardent suitors. She passed through the door and put the garland around the neck of Prithviraj's statue, declaring him her husband. Prithiviraj, who meanwhile was hiding behind the statue, caught Samyukta up in his arms, set her on his horse, and whisked her away to Delhi. Raja Jaichand was enraged.[6] This led to a rift between Delhi and Kannauj, which was later taken advantage of by Mohammad Ghori of Afghanistan.
Historicity[edit | edit source]
The historicity of Samyukta is a matter of debate. Prithviraj Raso is a historically unreliable text, having been embellished under the patronage of the Kshatriya rulers since the 16th century. However, some scholars such as Dasharatha Sharma believe that the more reliable Prithviraja Vijaya, which was composed during the reign of Prithviraj Chauhan, also contains a reference to Samyukta.[7]
An unfinished theme in the 11th chapter of Prithviraja Vijaya refers to Prithviraj's love for an unnamed woman who lived on the banks of the Ganges river (just like Samyukta). This woman is mentioned as an incarnation of Tilottama, a legendary apsara (celestial nymph). However, even if this woman is same as Samyukta, there is no concrete evidence to support the Prithviraj Raso narrative of Samyuka's abduction and marriage to Prithviraj Chauhan.[7]
Modern Indian culture[edit | edit source]
"Samyukta", which means "united" in Sanskrit, is a popular girl's name in modern India. The life of Prithviraj Chauhan has also been the subject of a television show aired on Star Plus titled Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan, the character of Sanyogita was portrayed by Mugdha Chaphekar in that series.[8] A historical film titled Raani Samyuktha was made in 1962 with Padmini and M. G. Ramachandran in the lead roles.[9] In the 2022 film Samrat Prithviraj by Chandraprakash Dwivedi, the character of Sanyogita is portrayed by Manushi Chhillar.[10] In the 2008 Indian animated film Veeryodha Prithviraj Chauhan, she was voiced by Mona Ghosh Shetty in both, English and Hindi.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Cynthia Talbot 2015, p. 132.
- ↑ "Prithviraja III". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ↑ Tripāṭhī, Candrabalī (2005). The Evolution of Ideals of Womenhood in Indian Society. Gyan Books. ISBN 978-81-7835-425-5.
- ↑ Cynthia Talbot 2015, p. 284.
- ↑ "Everything you must know about Sanyogita | Prithviraj Chauhan's wife history |". Reality of Indian history.
- ↑ Kumar, Pradeep (11 October 2016). "कैसे बिना आँखों के पृथ्वीराज चौहान ने मुहम्मद गोरी को मार गिराया". newstrend.news (in Hindi). Newstrend. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cynthia Talbot 2015, p. 40.
- ↑ "'My fans want me to do a historical drama', says Mugdha Chaphekar". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
- ↑ "Rani Samyuktha (1962)". The Hindu. THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. 19 September 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
- ↑ "Prithviraj: Akshay Kumar, Manushi Chhilar's historical drama goes on floors; film to release on Diwali 2020". The Firstpost. 16 November 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Cynthia Talbot (2015). The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000. Cambridge University Press UK. ISBN 9781107118560.