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{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
|conflict=Battle of Vijaydurg | | conflict = Battle of Vijaydurg | ||
|image=The Capture of Geriah, February 1756 RMG BHC0377.jpg | | partof = the [[British conquest of India]] | ||
| image = Dominic Serres, the Elder - The Capture of Geriah, February 1756 RMG BHC0377 (L6228).jpg | |||
|caption=The Capture of Geriah, February 1756 | | caption = ''The Capture of Geriah, February 1756'' <br /> [[Dominic Serres]], 1771 | ||
| date = January– 11 February 1756 | |||
| place = [[Vijaydurg Fort]], [[Maharashtra]] | |||
|date= | | coordinates = {{coord|16.5607|73.3334|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | ||
|place=Vijaydurg Fort, [[Maharashtra]], | | result = Anglo-Peshwa victory | ||
|result= | | combatant2 = {{flagd|Maratha Empire}} [[Colaba State]] | ||
| | | combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}} <br /> {{flagcountry|East India Company|1707}} <br /> {{flagcountry|Maratha Empire}} | ||
| | | commander2 = {{flagd|Maratha Empire}} [[Tulaji Angre]]{{POW}} | ||
{{ | | commander1 = {{flagd|Kingdom of Great Britain}} [[Charles Watson (Royal Navy officer)|Charles Watson]] <br /> {{flagd|East India Company|1707}} [[Sir William James, 1st Baronet|Sir William James]] <br /> {{flagd|East India Company|1707}} [[Robert Clive]] <br /> {{flagd|Maratha Empire}} [[Balaji Baji Rao]] | ||
|commander1={{ | | strength2 = 2,000 men <br /> 250 cannons <br /> 200 ships | ||
| | | strength1 = 20 British ships <br /> 500 [[British marines]] <br /> 1,000 Maratha troops | ||
{{ | | casualties2 = 500+ men | ||
| | | casualties1 = Unknown | ||
250 cannons<br /> | | units2 = [[Maratha Navy]] <br /> (loyal to Colaba) | ||
200 ships | | units1 = [[Royal Navy]] <br /> [[Bombay Marine]] <br /> [[Maratha Army]] <br /> [[Maratha Navy]] <br /> (loyal to the [[Peshwa]]) | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Battle of Vijaydurg''' was fought between Tulaji Angre, the Admiral of the [[Maratha | The '''Battle of Vijaydurg''' was fought between [[Tulaji Angre]], the Admiral of the [[Maratha Navy]] and the combined forces of the British [[East India Company]] and the [[Maratha Empire]] led by [[Peshwa]] [[Balaji Baji Rao]] in early 1756. | ||
==Sarkhel Tulaji== | ==Background== | ||
After the death of [[Kanhoji Angre]], there were two short tenures of | ===Sarkhel Tulaji=== | ||
After the death of [[Kanhoji Angre]], there were two short tenures of Sarkhoji and Sambhaji Angre. Following it, the two brothers Manaji and Tulaji started fighting for the post of Sarkhel. The Peshwa had intervened in the disputes between Manaji and Tulaji. This created two spheres of influence, Manaji in the north at Kulaba and Tulaji in the south at Vijaydurg.<ref name=":0">Naravane, M. S.; Battles of the Honorary East India Company: Making of the Raj, op cit page 103, New Delhi, 2006</ref> Tulaji was brave and a much more skillful seaman than Manaji. In a brief span, he had surpassed the record of his predecessors in the number of English ships captured: ''Charlotte'' of Madras, ''William'' of Bombay, ''Svern'' of Bengal and, ''Darby'', ''Restoration'', ''Pilot'', ''Augusta'' and ''Dadabhoi'' of Surat. He had also captured [[Anjanvel]] from the [[Janjira State|Siddis of Janjira]]. | |||
== | ===Rebellion of Tulaji Angre=== | ||
Tulaji Angre's tenure was marked by frequent raids into the territories under the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur and Maratha nobles like the Peshwa, the Pratinidhi, the Sawants of Wadi, etc. These raids led to a feeling of insecurity among the common people and traders of Maharashtra. Tulaji also allied with the Portuguese against the Marathas. Due to Tulaji's | [[Tulaji Angre]]'s tenure was marked by frequent raids into the territories under the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur and Maratha nobles like the Peshwa, the Pratinidhi, the Sawants of Wadi, etc. These raids led to a feeling of insecurity among the common people and traders of Maharashtra. Tulaji also allied with the Portuguese against the Marathas. Due to Tulaji's actions, the Peshwa, [[Balaji Baji Rao]], was allied with the British to defeat Tulaji Angre. A treaty was signed according to which a ground force under command of the Peshwa and a naval force under command of the company would attack and destroy Tulaji. Among other articles, the treaty provided that Fort Vijaydurg, when captured, would be given to the Peshwa.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
==Fall of Suvarnadurg== | ===Fall of Suvarnadurg=== | ||
[[File:Francis Holman, Commodore James in the Protector, with the Revenge and the grab Bombay in the bay off the fort at Gheriah, India, April 1755 (18th century).jpg|thumb|British ships in Battle ]] | |||
In 1755, Commodore James of Bombay attacked the fort [[Suvarnadurg]] while the Peshwa's army started capturing land and other coastal forts of Angre. This isolated Suvarnadurg from landward. Commodore James first bombarded the fort from the west. 800 shots and shells were expended at a range of 100 yards, but the walls did not collapse.<ref>Keay, I., op cit page 267</ref> He then entered the channel between the fort and the coast and fired on the eastern face as well as the main gate. Both gave way. Some of the garrison tried to escape from the fort by a tunnel running into the sea, but were discovered and killed.<ref>Keay, I., op cit page 268</ref> Considerable damage had been caused inside the fort by the bombardment and the garrison, finding no hope of relief or reinforcements, surrendered. Commodore James returned to Bombay for the monsoons. | In 1755, Commodore James of Bombay attacked the fort [[Suvarnadurg]] while the Peshwa's army started capturing land and other coastal forts of Angre. This isolated Suvarnadurg from landward. Commodore James first bombarded the fort from the west. 800 shots and shells were expended at a range of 100 yards, but the walls did not collapse.<ref>Keay, I., op cit page 267</ref> He then entered the channel between the fort and the coast and fired on the eastern face as well as the main gate. Both gave way. Some of the garrison tried to escape from the fort by a tunnel running into the sea, but were discovered and killed.<ref>Keay, I., op cit page 268</ref> Considerable damage had been caused inside the fort by the bombardment and the garrison, finding no hope of relief or reinforcements, surrendered. Commodore James returned to Bombay for the monsoons. | ||
==Attack on Vijaydurg== | ==Battle== | ||
After the fall of Suvarnadurg and all other forts of the Angre, Vijaydurg was the only fort left under the command of Tulaji. In 1756, a large force under [[Charles Watson (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral Watson]] converged on Vijaydurg. Watson had arrived at Bombay from eastern waters and had with him [[Robert Clive|Colonel Clive]] with 500 [[ | ===Attack on Vijaydurg=== | ||
[[File:A View of the Attack made on the Fort of Geriah by Admiral Watson, 13 February 1756.jpg|thumb|Attack of [[Vijaydurg Fort|Vijaydurg]]]] | |||
After the fall of Suvarnadurg and all other forts of the Angre, Vijaydurg was the only fort left under the command of Tulaji. In 1756, a large force under [[Charles Watson (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral Watson]] converged on Vijaydurg. Watson had arrived at Bombay from eastern waters and had with him [[Robert Clive|Colonel Clive]] with 500 [[topass]]es and other troops. The English ships took station with Watson flying his flag on {{HMS|Protector|1749|6}}. Two bomb vessels were in the extreme east. The Maratha ships were anchored at the mouth of the creek, close to the fort and bunched up, almost hull to hull. Amongst these was the company's ship ''Restoration'', which caught fire. The fire spread rapidly till the entire Angre fleet was destroyed, The bombardment of the fort had caused considerable damage inside the fort and magazine had been blown up.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Fall of Vijaydurg== | ===Fall of Vijaydurg=== | ||
Tulaji, meanwhile had left the fort and gone to the Peshwa's camp seeking a negotiation but was promptly arrested and sent to one of the inland forts as a prisoner. The garrison was asked to surrender and in the absence of any response Clive landed his marines on 11 February 1756, entered and captured the fort. A huge amount of booty was captured. 250 pieces of cannons, stores and ammunition, 100,000 Rupees and 30,000 in valuable items fell into English hands.<ref name=":0" /> Vijaydurg was not handed over immediately to the Peshwa as per the terms of the treaty. It was eventually given up after some months.<ref name=":1">Naravane, M. S.; Battles of the Honorary East India Company: Making of the Raj, op cit page 104, New Delhi, 2006</ref> Following Tulaji's arrest, Rudraji Dhulap was given the position of the Admiral of the Maratha | Tulaji, meanwhile had left the fort and gone to the Peshwa's camp seeking a negotiation but was promptly arrested and sent to one of the inland forts as a prisoner. The garrison was asked to surrender and in the absence of any response Clive landed his marines on 11 February 1756, entered and captured the fort. | ||
==Aftermath== | |||
A huge amount of booty was captured. 250 pieces of cannons, stores and ammunition, 100,000 Rupees and 30,000 in valuable items fell into English hands.<ref name=":0" /> Vijaydurg was not handed over immediately to the Peshwa as per the terms of the treaty. It was eventually given up after some months.<ref name=":1">Naravane, M. S.; Battles of the Honorary East India Company: Making of the Raj, op cit page 104, New Delhi, 2006</ref> Following Tulaji's arrest, Rudraji Dhulap was given the position of the Admiral of the Maratha Confederacy. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 50: | Line 51: | ||
[[Category:Maratha Navy]] | [[Category:Maratha Navy]] | ||
[[Category:Military history of India|Vijaydurg]] | [[Category:Military history of India|Vijaydurg]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:08, 13 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2018) |
| Battle of Vijaydurg | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the British conquest of India | |||||||
.jpg) The Capture of Geriah, February 1756 Dominic Serres, 1771 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
File:Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg Great Britain Template:Country data East India Company  Maratha |
Colaba State | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
File:Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg Charles Watson Template:Country data East India Company Sir William James Template:Country data East India Company Robert Clive Balaji Baji Rao |
Tulaji AngreTemplate:POW | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
|
Royal Navy Bombay Marine Maratha Army Maratha Navy (loyal to the Peshwa) |
Maratha Navy (loyal to Colaba) | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
20 British ships 500 British marines 1,000 Maratha troops |
2,000 men 250 cannons 200 ships | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | 500+ men | ||||||
.svg){kind=link}
The Battle of Vijaydurg was fought between Tulaji Angre, the Admiral of the Maratha Navy and the combined forces of the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire led by Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao in early 1756.
Background[edit | edit source]
Sarkhel Tulaji[edit | edit source]
After the death of Kanhoji Angre, there were two short tenures of Sarkhoji and Sambhaji Angre. Following it, the two brothers Manaji and Tulaji started fighting for the post of Sarkhel. The Peshwa had intervened in the disputes between Manaji and Tulaji. This created two spheres of influence, Manaji in the north at Kulaba and Tulaji in the south at Vijaydurg.[1] Tulaji was brave and a much more skillful seaman than Manaji. In a brief span, he had surpassed the record of his predecessors in the number of English ships captured: Charlotte of Madras, William of Bombay, Svern of Bengal and, Darby, Restoration, Pilot, Augusta and Dadabhoi of Surat. He had also captured Anjanvel from the Siddis of Janjira.
Rebellion of Tulaji Angre[edit | edit source]
Tulaji Angre's tenure was marked by frequent raids into the territories under the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur and Maratha nobles like the Peshwa, the Pratinidhi, the Sawants of Wadi, etc. These raids led to a feeling of insecurity among the common people and traders of Maharashtra. Tulaji also allied with the Portuguese against the Marathas. Due to Tulaji's actions, the Peshwa, Balaji Baji Rao, was allied with the British to defeat Tulaji Angre. A treaty was signed according to which a ground force under command of the Peshwa and a naval force under command of the company would attack and destroy Tulaji. Among other articles, the treaty provided that Fort Vijaydurg, when captured, would be given to the Peshwa.[1]
Fall of Suvarnadurg[edit | edit source]
.jpg)
In 1755, Commodore James of Bombay attacked the fort Suvarnadurg while the Peshwa's army started capturing land and other coastal forts of Angre. This isolated Suvarnadurg from landward. Commodore James first bombarded the fort from the west. 800 shots and shells were expended at a range of 100 yards, but the walls did not collapse.[2] He then entered the channel between the fort and the coast and fired on the eastern face as well as the main gate. Both gave way. Some of the garrison tried to escape from the fort by a tunnel running into the sea, but were discovered and killed.[3] Considerable damage had been caused inside the fort by the bombardment and the garrison, finding no hope of relief or reinforcements, surrendered. Commodore James returned to Bombay for the monsoons.
Battle[edit | edit source]
Attack on Vijaydurg[edit | edit source]
After the fall of Suvarnadurg and all other forts of the Angre, Vijaydurg was the only fort left under the command of Tulaji. In 1756, a large force under Admiral Watson converged on Vijaydurg. Watson had arrived at Bombay from eastern waters and had with him Colonel Clive with 500 topasses and other troops. The English ships took station with Watson flying his flag on HMS Protector. Two bomb vessels were in the extreme east. The Maratha ships were anchored at the mouth of the creek, close to the fort and bunched up, almost hull to hull. Amongst these was the company's ship Restoration, which caught fire. The fire spread rapidly till the entire Angre fleet was destroyed, The bombardment of the fort had caused considerable damage inside the fort and magazine had been blown up.[1]
Fall of Vijaydurg[edit | edit source]
Tulaji, meanwhile had left the fort and gone to the Peshwa's camp seeking a negotiation but was promptly arrested and sent to one of the inland forts as a prisoner. The garrison was asked to surrender and in the absence of any response Clive landed his marines on 11 February 1756, entered and captured the fort.
Aftermath[edit | edit source]
A huge amount of booty was captured. 250 pieces of cannons, stores and ammunition, 100,000 Rupees and 30,000 in valuable items fell into English hands.[1] Vijaydurg was not handed over immediately to the Peshwa as per the terms of the treaty. It was eventually given up after some months.[4] Following Tulaji's arrest, Rudraji Dhulap was given the position of the Admiral of the Maratha Confederacy.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Naravane, M. S.; Battles of the Honorary East India Company: Making of the Raj, op cit page 103, New Delhi, 2006
- ↑ Keay, I., op cit page 267
- ↑ Keay, I., op cit page 268
- ↑ Naravane, M. S.; Battles of the Honorary East India Company: Making of the Raj, op cit page 104, New Delhi, 2006