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{{Short description|642 battle}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
|conflict=Battle of Vatapi | | conflict = Battle of Vatapi | ||
|partof= | | partof = Chalukya–Pallava Wars | ||
|image= | | image = The defeat of Pulikesin II, the Chalukhya, byMahamalla Pallava at Badami.jpg | ||
|caption= | | caption = Image depicting the Battle of Vatapi ([[Badami]]) | ||
|date=642 | | date = 642 | ||
|place=[[Vatapi]] | | place = [[Vatapi]] | ||
|result=Pallava victory | | result = Pallava victory | ||
|combatant1=[[Chalukya Empire]] | | combatant1 = [[Chalukya Empire]] | ||
|combatant2=[[Pallavas|Pallava kingdom]] | | combatant2 = [[Pallavas|Pallava kingdom]] | ||
|commander1=[[Pulakeshin II]]{{KIA}} | | commander1 = [[Pulakeshin II]]{{KIA}} | ||
|commander2 = [[Narasimhavarman I]] | | commander2 = [[Narasimhavarman I]]<br>[[Paranjothi]]<br>[[Manavanna of Anuradhapura|Manavarman]] | ||
|strength1 = | | strength1 = Unknown | ||
|strength2 = | | strength2 = Unknown | ||
|casualties1= | | casualties1 = | ||
|casualties2= | | casualties2 = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Battle of Vatapi''' was a decisive engagement which took place between the [[Pallavas]] and [[Chalukyas]] near the Chalukya capital of [[Vatapi]] (present day [[Badami]]) in 642. The battle resulted in the defeat | The '''Battle of Vatapi''' was a decisive engagement which took place between the [[Pallavas]] and [[Chalukyas]] near the Chalukya capital of [[Vatapi]] (present day [[Badami]]) in 642. The battle resulted in the defeat of the Chalukya king [[Pulakeshin II]] in 642 CE and the commencement of Pallava occupation of Vatapi lasted until 654. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
{{See also|Battle of Pullalur}} | {{See also|Battle of Pullalur}} | ||
In about | In about 630, Pulakeshin II invaded the Pallava kingdom defeating the king [[Mahendravarman I]] and proceeded as far south as the [[Cauvery River]] on the northern frontier of the [[Chola Nadu|Chola country]].<ref name="dikshitp94">[[#Dikshit|Dikshit]], p 94</ref> The Pallavas long wished to avenge the humiliation suffered at the hands of Pulakeshin II and over the next few years, strengthened their forces in preparation for a counter-attack.<ref name="dikshitp94" /> | ||
In 630, Mahendravarman I was succeeded by his son [[Narasimhavarman I]] under whom the Pallava kingdom emerged as a powerful state. This prompted Pulakeshin II to lead a second expedition into the Pallava country.<ref name="dikshitp96">[[#Dikshit|Dikshit]], p 96</ref> According to [[K. A. Nilakanta Sastri]], Pulakeshin II first defeated the [[Bana | In 630, Mahendravarman I was succeeded by his son [[Narasimhavarman I]] under whom the Pallava kingdom emerged as a powerful state. This prompted Pulakeshin II to lead a second expedition into the Pallava country.<ref name="dikshitp96">[[#Dikshit|Dikshit]], p 96</ref> According to [[K. A. Nilakanta Sastri]], Pulakeshin II first defeated the [[Bana kingdom|Banas]], who were feudatories of the Pallavas, before advancing into the Pallava country.<ref name="dikshitp96" /> Narasimhavarman I met the Chalukyas and defeated them in three separate encounters in Pariyala, Suramana and Manimangala, all close to the Pallava capital Kanchi, forcing them to retreat.<ref name="dikshitp96" /><ref name="herasp35">[[#Heras|Heras]], p 35</ref> The Pallavas, then, took the offensive and pursued the fleeing Chalukya forces deep into their territory.<ref name="dikshitp96" /><ref name="herasp35" /><ref name="dikshit">[[#Dikshit|Dikshit]], p 98-99</ref> | ||
== Events == | == Events == | ||
| Line 44: | Line 45: | ||
== Aftermath == | == Aftermath == | ||
Narasimhavarman I constructed a Mallikarjuna Temple at Vatapi to commemorate his victory.<ref name="dikshit" /> He also adopted the title "Vatapi-kondan" or "taker of Vatapi".<ref name="dikshit" /><ref name="herasp39">[[#Heras|Heras]], p 39</ref> He carved an inscription recording his victory on the walls of the Teggina-Irappa temple in Vatapi.<ref name="herasp38">[[#Heras|Heras]], p 38</ref> Paranjothi brought numerous items of war booty to the Pallava kingdom from Vatapai, including a famous icon of the god [[Ganesha]] (Ganapati) - known as [[Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple|Vatapi | Narasimhavarman I constructed a Mallikarjuna Temple at Vatapi to commemorate his victory.<ref name="dikshit" /> He also adopted the title "Vatapi-kondan" or "taker of Vatapi".<ref name="dikshit" /><ref name="herasp39">[[#Heras|Heras]], p 39</ref> He carved an inscription recording his victory on the walls of the Teggina-Irappa temple in Vatapi.<ref name="herasp38">[[#Heras|Heras]], p 38</ref> [[Paranjothi]] brought numerous items of war booty to the Pallava kingdom from Vatapai, including a famous icon of the god [[Ganesha]] (Ganapati) - known as [[Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple|Vatapi Ganapati]], which he enshrined in his home-town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vatapi Ganapati |url=http://templenet.com/Tamilnadu/vatapi.html |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=templenet.com}}</ref> | ||
==In | ==In popular culture== | ||
The Battle of Vatapi is the final | The Battle of Vatapi is the final climactic battle in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[historical fiction]] novel ''[[Sivagamiyin Sapatham]]'' by [[Kalki Krishnamurthy]], where the Chalukyan King [[Pulakeshin II]] is defeated and killed by the Pallava Army general Pranjothi as a revenge for the defeat of [[Mahendravarman I]] in the [[Battle of Pullalur]] and also to avenge Sivagami's vow.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ciYaAQAAIAAJ&q=sivagamiyin+sabatham |title=Sivakamiyin Sabadam |date=2008 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-2580-0 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | |||
*[[Pallava–Chalukya Conflict]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{ | {{Reflist}} | ||
== Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
| Line 60: | Line 63: | ||
{{coord missing|Karnataka}} | {{coord missing|Karnataka}} | ||
[[Category:7th century in India]] | [[Category:7th century in India]] | ||
[[Category:642]] | [[Category:642]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Medieval Karnataka]] | ||
[[Category:Pallava dynasty]] | [[Category:Battles involving the Pallava dynasty]] | ||
[[Category:Chalukya dynasty]] | [[Category:Battles involving the Chalukya dynasty]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:34, 27 February 2026
| Battle of Vatapi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars | |||||||
 Image depicting the Battle of Vatapi (Badami) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Chalukya Empire | Pallava kingdom | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Pulakeshin II † |
Narasimhavarman I Paranjothi Manavarman | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
The Battle of Vatapi was a decisive engagement which took place between the Pallavas and Chalukyas near the Chalukya capital of Vatapi (present day Badami) in 642. The battle resulted in the defeat of the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II in 642 CE and the commencement of Pallava occupation of Vatapi lasted until 654.
Causes[edit | edit source]
In about 630, Pulakeshin II invaded the Pallava kingdom defeating the king Mahendravarman I and proceeded as far south as the Cauvery River on the northern frontier of the Chola country.[1] The Pallavas long wished to avenge the humiliation suffered at the hands of Pulakeshin II and over the next few years, strengthened their forces in preparation for a counter-attack.[1]
In 630, Mahendravarman I was succeeded by his son Narasimhavarman I under whom the Pallava kingdom emerged as a powerful state. This prompted Pulakeshin II to lead a second expedition into the Pallava country.[2] According to K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, Pulakeshin II first defeated the Banas, who were feudatories of the Pallavas, before advancing into the Pallava country.[2] Narasimhavarman I met the Chalukyas and defeated them in three separate encounters in Pariyala, Suramana and Manimangala, all close to the Pallava capital Kanchi, forcing them to retreat.[2][3] The Pallavas, then, took the offensive and pursued the fleeing Chalukya forces deep into their territory.[2][3][4]
Events[edit | edit source]
In 642, a formidable Pallava force under Paranjothi was sent by Narasimhavarman I to capture Vatapi, the capital of the Chalukyas.[4][5] Pulakeshin II met the Pallavas on the outskirts of his capital and is presumed to have lost his life in the ensuing battle.[4] The Pallavas achieved a decisive victory over Pulakeshin II. The victorious Pallavas then took the capital and ruled it for 12 years (642-654).[4]
The Kuram plates of Paramesvaravarman I describe the battle thus
Narasimhavarman... who wrote the syllables of (the word) vijaya, as on a plate, on Pulikesin's back, which was caused to be visible in the battles of Pariyala, Manmangala, Suramara, etc., and who destroyed Vatapi, just as the pitcher born (Agastya) (destroyed the demon) Vatapi[6]
The Udayachandramangalam plates state
Narasimhavarman, the equal of Agastya, the crushed of Vatapi, who frequently conquered Vallabharaja at Periyar-Bhumanimangala, Shuramara and other places[3]
According to the Velurpalaiyam plates
Narasimhavarman I famous like Upendra (Vishnu) who defeating the host of his enemies took from them the pillar of victory standing in the centre of Vatapi[3]
Aftermath[edit | edit source]
Narasimhavarman I constructed a Mallikarjuna Temple at Vatapi to commemorate his victory.[4] He also adopted the title "Vatapi-kondan" or "taker of Vatapi".[4][7] He carved an inscription recording his victory on the walls of the Teggina-Irappa temple in Vatapi.[5] Paranjothi brought numerous items of war booty to the Pallava kingdom from Vatapai, including a famous icon of the god Ganesha (Ganapati) - known as Vatapi Ganapati, which he enshrined in his home-town.[8]
In popular culture[edit | edit source]
The Battle of Vatapi is the final climactic battle in the Tamil historical fiction novel Sivagamiyin Sapatham by Kalki Krishnamurthy, where the Chalukyan King Pulakeshin II is defeated and killed by the Pallava Army general Pranjothi as a revenge for the defeat of Mahendravarman I in the Battle of Pullalur and also to avenge Sivagami's vow.[9]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dikshit, p 94
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Dikshit, p 96
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Heras, p 35
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Dikshit, p 98-99
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Heras, p 38
- ↑ Heras, p 34
- ↑ Heras, p 39
- ↑ "Vatapi Ganapati". templenet.com. Retrieved 15 July 2025.
- ↑ Kalki (2008). Sivakamiyin Sabadam. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-2580-0.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Dikshit, D. P. (1980). Political History of the Chalukyas of Badami. Abhinav Publications.
- Heras, H. (1933). Studies in Pallava History. Madras: B. G. Paul and Co.