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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} | {{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} | ||
{{speciesbox | {{speciesbox | ||
|genus = Artemisia | | image = Artemisia pallens-1-xavier cottage-yercaud-salem-India.jpg | ||
|species = pallens | | genus = Artemisia | ||
|authority = [[Wall.]] ex [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]] | | species = pallens | ||
| authority = [[Wall.]] ex [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''''Artemisia pallens''''', dhavanam from the [[Sanskrit]] name दमनक (damanaka),({{ | '''''Artemisia pallens''''' is an aromatic herb, in genus of small herbs or shrubs, [[xerophytic]] in nature. Commonly known as '''dhavanam''' from the [[Sanskrit]] name दमनक (damanaka), ({{langx|ta|மரிக்கொழுந்து, தவணம்}}, {{langx|mr|दवणा}}, {{langx|kn|ದವನ}}). The flowers are [[racemose]] [[panicle]]s, bear numerous small yellow flower heads or [[Head (botany)|capitula]], but the silvery white silky covering of down gives the foliage a grey or white appearance. | ||
Dhavanam has alternate [[pinnasect]] leaves (leaf which is divided into opposite pairs of lobes cut almost to the midrib In narrow divisions) or [[palmatisect]] leaves (the green tissue is divided into several segments not fully separated At the base). | Dhavanam has alternate [[pinnasect]] leaves (leaf which is divided into opposite pairs of lobes cut almost to the midrib In narrow divisions) or [[palmatisect]] leaves (the green tissue is divided into several segments not fully separated At the base). | ||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
It is commercially cultivated for its fragrant leaves and flowers. It has two distinct morphological types, one in which the plants are short in stature and flowering sets in early, and the other in which plants are tall and flowering sets in later. It grows from seeds and cuttings and reaches maturity in four months. The plant is woody in the lower part of the stem, but with yearly branches. | It is commercially cultivated for its fragrant leaves and flowers. It has two distinct morphological types, one in which the plants are short in stature and flowering sets in early, and the other in which plants are tall and flowering sets in later. It grows from seeds and cuttings and reaches maturity in four months. The plant is woody in the lower part of the stem, but with yearly branches. It is mostly grown in the Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} | ||
''Artemisia pallens'' is a preferred food for the larvae of a number of butterfly species. | ''Artemisia pallens'' is a preferred food for the larvae of a number of butterfly species. | ||
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==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
[[File:Davana-Dried.jpg|thumb|Dried davana plant used as aromatic bouquet.]] | [[File:Davana-Dried.jpg|thumb|Dried davana plant used as aromatic bouquet.]] | ||
[[Davanone]], [[davan ether]], [[davana furan]] and [[linalool]] are the major constituents of davana oil. [[Methyl cinnamate]], [[ethyl cinnamate]], [[bicyclogermacrene]], [[2-hydroxyisodavanone]], [[farnesol]], [[geranyl acetate]], [[sesquiterpene lactone]]s, and [[germacranolide]]s are also found.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=11449517|year=2000|last1=Pujar|first1=PP|last2=Sawaikar|first2=DD|last3=Rojatkar|first3=SR|last4=Nagasampagi|first4=BA|title=A new germacranolide from Artemisia pallens|volume=71|issue=5|pages=590–2|journal=Fitoterapia|doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00168-4}}</ref> The amount of davanone and linalool decreased while those of (''Z'')− and (''E'')−methyl cinnamate, (''E'')−ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage. Five compounds, (''Z'')− and (''E'')−methyl cinnamates, (''Z'')− and (''E'')−ethyl cinnamates, and geranyl acetate, were identified for the first time in davana oil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gardenpoints.org/artpal.html |title= | [[Davanone]], [[davan ether]], [[davana furan]] and [[linalool]] are the major constituents of davana oil. [[Methyl cinnamate]], [[ethyl cinnamate]], [[bicyclogermacrene]], [[2-hydroxyisodavanone]], [[farnesol]], [[geranyl acetate]], [[sesquiterpene lactone]]s, and [[germacranolide]]s are also found.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=11449517|year=2000|last1=Pujar|first1=PP|last2=Sawaikar|first2=DD|last3=Rojatkar|first3=SR|last4=Nagasampagi|first4=BA|title=A new germacranolide from Artemisia pallens|volume=71|issue=5|pages=590–2|journal=Fitoterapia|doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00168-4}}</ref> The amount of davanone and linalool decreased while those of (''Z'')− and (''E'')−methyl cinnamate, (''E'')−ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage. Five compounds, (''Z'')− and (''E'')−methyl cinnamates, (''Z'')− and (''E'')−ethyl cinnamates, and geranyl acetate, were identified for the first time in davana oil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gardenpoints.org/artpal.html |title=Artemisia pallens - Davana |accessdate=2009-01-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202053649/http://gardenpoints.org/artpal.html |archivedate=2009-02-02 }}</ref> | ||
==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
[[Image:DavanaEssOil.png|thumb|200px|right|Davana essential oil]] | [[Image:DavanaEssOil.png|thumb|200px|right|Davana essential oil]] | ||
The leaves and flowers yield an essential oil known as oil of Davana. Several species yield [[essential oil]] and some are used as [[fodder]], some of them are a source of the [[anthelmintic]] chemical [[santonin]]. Davana blossoms are offered to [[Shiva]], the God of Transformation, by the | The leaves and flowers yield an essential oil known as oil of Davana. Several species yield [[essential oil]] and some are used as [[fodder]], some of them are a source of the [[anthelmintic]] chemical [[santonin]]. Davana blossoms are offered to [[Shiva]], the God of Transformation, by the devotees, and decorate his altar throughout the day. Oral administration of high doses aqueous/[[methanol]]ic extract from the aerial parts of the plants was observed to reduce blood glucose levels in glucose−fed [[hyperglycemic]] and [[alloxan]]-treated rabbits and rats.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 8778502 | year = 1996 | last1 = Subramoniam | first1 = A | last2 = Pushpangadan | first2 = P | last3 = Rajasekharan | first3 = S | last4 = Evans | first4 = DA | last5 = Latha | first5 = PG | last6 = Valsaraj | first6 = R | title = Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. On blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats | volume = 50 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–7 | journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology | doi=10.1016/0378-8741(95)01329-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jiménez-Estrada |first1=Manuel |last2=Huerta-Reyes |first2=Maira |last3=Tavera-Hernández |first3=Rosario |last4=Alvarado-Sansininea |first4=J. Javier |last5=Alvarez |first5=Ana Berenice |date=2021-05-13 |title=Contributions from Mexican Flora for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Molecules of Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H. Rob & Brettell |journal=Molecules |volume=26 |issue=10 |pages=2892 |doi=10.3390/molecules26102892 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=8153299 |pmid=34068304|doi-access=free }}</ref> Davana is rarely used in cooking, but in India it is sometimes used in herbal teas for flavor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Давана, бледная полынь, артемизия: всё о растении Artemisia pallens и его применении |url=https://artemisiapallens.ru/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=artemisiapallens.ru}}</ref> | ||
{{ | |||
The aroma of davana oil is described as fruity, berry, black currant, tropical fruit, dried fruit, apricot, and tagette.<ref>{{cite web |title=artemisia pallens herb oil |url=https://scentsandflavors.com/database/9dbb4a77-d52c-4747-a80f-660cfcc7daf3 |website=Scents and Flavors |publisher=Scents and Flavors |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> | |||
===Uses of Davana oil=== | ===Uses of Davana oil=== | ||
*Davana oil is used in making perfumes of sweet and fruity fragrances. | *Davana oil is used in making perfumes of sweet and fruity fragrances. | ||
*Davana leaves and stalks are used in making bouquets, garlands, fresh or dry flower arrangements. | *Davana leaves and stalks are used in making bouquets, garlands, fresh or dry flower arrangements. | ||
==Hinduism== | |||
Dauna leaves are found abundantly on the Wadi Ratnagiri Mountain, in the city of [[Kolhapur]]. The mountain is home to Shri [[Jyotiba Temple|Jotiba]]. The plant is exclusively used as an offering to this deity at this temple. | |||
Dhavana is also used in Rathothsavam of sri khadri Narasimha swami temple, kadiri. There people throw dhavanam on the Ratham, while moving through the maadaveedhulu. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:25, 27 March 2026
| Artemisia pallens | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| : | [[Template:Taxonomy/Artemisia]] |
| Species: | Template:Taxonomy/ArtemisiaA. pallens
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| Binomial name | |
| Template:Taxonomy/ArtemisiaArtemisia pallens | |
Artemisia pallens is an aromatic herb, in genus of small herbs or shrubs, xerophytic in nature. Commonly known as dhavanam from the Sanskrit name दमनक (damanaka), (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.). The flowers are racemose panicles, bear numerous small yellow flower heads or capitula, but the silvery white silky covering of down gives the foliage a grey or white appearance.
Dhavanam has alternate pinnasect leaves (leaf which is divided into opposite pairs of lobes cut almost to the midrib In narrow divisions) or palmatisect leaves (the green tissue is divided into several segments not fully separated At the base).
Cultivation[edit | edit source]
It is commercially cultivated for its fragrant leaves and flowers. It has two distinct morphological types, one in which the plants are short in stature and flowering sets in early, and the other in which plants are tall and flowering sets in later. It grows from seeds and cuttings and reaches maturity in four months. The plant is woody in the lower part of the stem, but with yearly branches. It is mostly grown in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.[citation needed]
Artemisia pallens is a preferred food for the larvae of a number of butterfly species.
Chemistry[edit | edit source]
Davanone, davan ether, davana furan and linalool are the major constituents of davana oil. Methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, farnesol, geranyl acetate, sesquiterpene lactones, and germacranolides are also found.[1] The amount of davanone and linalool decreased while those of (Z)− and (E)−methyl cinnamate, (E)−ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage. Five compounds, (Z)− and (E)−methyl cinnamates, (Z)− and (E)−ethyl cinnamates, and geranyl acetate, were identified for the first time in davana oil.[2]
Uses[edit | edit source]
The leaves and flowers yield an essential oil known as oil of Davana. Several species yield essential oil and some are used as fodder, some of them are a source of the anthelmintic chemical santonin. Davana blossoms are offered to Shiva, the God of Transformation, by the devotees, and decorate his altar throughout the day. Oral administration of high doses aqueous/methanolic extract from the aerial parts of the plants was observed to reduce blood glucose levels in glucose−fed hyperglycemic and alloxan-treated rabbits and rats.[3][4] Davana is rarely used in cooking, but in India it is sometimes used in herbal teas for flavor.[5]
The aroma of davana oil is described as fruity, berry, black currant, tropical fruit, dried fruit, apricot, and tagette.[6]
Uses of Davana oil[edit | edit source]
- Davana oil is used in making perfumes of sweet and fruity fragrances.
- Davana leaves and stalks are used in making bouquets, garlands, fresh or dry flower arrangements.
Hinduism[edit | edit source]
Dauna leaves are found abundantly on the Wadi Ratnagiri Mountain, in the city of Kolhapur. The mountain is home to Shri Jotiba. The plant is exclusively used as an offering to this deity at this temple.
Dhavana is also used in Rathothsavam of sri khadri Narasimha swami temple, kadiri. There people throw dhavanam on the Ratham, while moving through the maadaveedhulu.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Pujar, PP; Sawaikar, DD; Rojatkar, SR; Nagasampagi, BA (2000). "A new germacranolide from Artemisia pallens". Fitoterapia. 71 (5): 590–2. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00168-4. PMID 11449517.
- ↑ "Artemisia pallens - Davana". Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- ↑ Subramoniam, A; Pushpangadan, P; Rajasekharan, S; Evans, DA; Latha, PG; Valsaraj, R (1996). "Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. On blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 50 (1): 13–7. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(95)01329-6. PMID 8778502.
- ↑ Jiménez-Estrada, Manuel; Huerta-Reyes, Maira; Tavera-Hernández, Rosario; Alvarado-Sansininea, J. Javier; Alvarez, Ana Berenice (2021-05-13). "Contributions from Mexican Flora for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Molecules of Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H. Rob & Brettell". Molecules. 26 (10): 2892. doi:10.3390/molecules26102892. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 8153299. PMID 34068304.
- ↑ "Давана, бледная полынь, артемизия: всё о растении Artemisia pallens и его применении". artemisiapallens.ru. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
- ↑ "artemisia pallens herb oil". Scents and Flavors. Scents and Flavors. Retrieved 26 March 2026.