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*This article discuss about India's first television drama Hum Log (which aired in 1984–85) and other filmy-dramas till 2024
*This article discuss about India's first television drama Hum Log (which aired in 1984–85) and other filmy-dramas till 2024
{{Short description|Soap operas written, produced, and filmed in India, with characters played by Indians}}
{{Short description|Soap operas written, produced, and filmed in India, with characters played by Indians}}
{{Short description|Soap operas written, produced, and filmed in India, with characters played by Indians}}
{{Distinguish|Bollywood}}
{{Distinguish|Bollywood}}
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{{Copy edit|for=grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling|date=December 2024}}
{{Copy edit|for=grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling|date=December 2024}}
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'''Indian television dramas''' (commonly referred to as '''Indian series''' or '''serials<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer? |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124033218/https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sakshipost}}</ref>''') are [[Drama (film and television)|dramatic]] [[Television show|television programs]] written, produced, and filmed in [[India]], featuring Indian actors in the lead roles, with episodes broadcast on [[Television in India|Indian television]].<ref>Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"</ref>
'''Indian television dramas''', often called '''Indian series''' or '''serials''', are scripted [[Television show|television programs]] made in [[India]], featuring Indian actors. These dramas are broadcast on Indian television networks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer? |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124033218/https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sakshipost}}</ref><ref>Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"</ref>


India's first television drama, titled ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985,<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> and concluded with 154 episodes. [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–08) became the first Indian television drama to surpass 1,000 episodes. The show entered the [[Limca Book of Records]] with 1,833 episodes.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–13), concluding with 3,200 episodes, was the first Indian series to produce over both 2,000 and 3,000 episodes, making it into the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–22) became the first Indian series to reach 4,000 episodes, ending its run on 1 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref> The television drama ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' (2009–present), with over 4,500 episodes, is the longest-running Hindi TV show in India, as well as the longest-running [[soap opera]], having aired for 15 years as of 2024.
India's first television drama, ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed both 2,000 and 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,500 episodes as of 2024, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and [[soap opera]], airing for 15 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref>


Indian series are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, though many incorporate a mix of the predominant regional language and English. These dramas are also broadcast in other parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Western Europe]], [[Southeastern Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America]], [[Latin America]], [[North Africa]], [[Southeast Africa]], and [[Francophone Africa]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref>
Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref>


==History and significant development in Indian television from 1984-2020==
== Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020) ==
India's first television [[drama]], [[Hum Log (TV series)|''Hum Log'']], aired in 1984–85 and concluded with 154 episodes.<ref name="Kohli2006">{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Vanita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hllyb6ymMy0C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA1 |title=The Indian Media Business |date=14 June 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761934691 |pages=1– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> At the time of its conclusion, it was the longest-running serial in [[Indian television]] history. ''Hum Log'' garnered an of 60 million viewers, with each episode running for approximately 25 minutes, with the series finale extending to approximately 55 minutes.<ref name="Gokulsing2004">{{cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC&pg=PA32 |title=Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas |publisher=Trentham Books |year=2004 |isbn=9781858563213 |pages=32– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Notably, at the end of each episode, veteran [[Hindi film]] actor [[Ashok Kumar]] engaged with the audience, discussing the ongoing story and situations through Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors portraying the characters and concluded his monologues with Indian language versions of the words "Hum Log."
''Hum Log'' was India's first television [[drama]], airing from 1984 to 1985 with a total of 154 episodes.<ref name="Kohli2006">{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Vanita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hllyb6ymMy0C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA1 |title=The Indian Media Business |date=14 June 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761934691 |pages=1– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> At the time, it was the longest-running serial in Indian television history. The show attracted around 60 million viewers, with each episode lasting about 25 minutes, except for the final episode, which was about 55 minutes long.<ref name="Gokulsing2004">{{cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC&pg=PA32 |title=Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas |publisher=Trentham Books |year=2004 |isbn=9781858563213 |pages=32– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Veteran [[Hindi film]] actor [[Ashok Kumar]] appeared at the end of each episode, where he discussed the story and situations using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors playing the characters and ended his monologues with variations of the phrase "Hum Log."


===Phases of Tele serials from 1985-2015===
===Phases of Tele serials from 1985-2015===
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! Years
! Years
! Themes
! Themes
! Types of serials
! Types of serials  
! Notes                                                                                                              
! Notes                                                                                                            
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1985-1990's
| style="text-align: center;" | 1985-1990's
| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
*Novel based and Novel type stories such as
* Novel based and Novel type stories such as
*Social issues
* [[Social issue]]s
*Social evils(social problem.)
* Social evils(social problem.)
*Social injustice and pain
* Social injustice and pain
*Social systems
* Social systems
*Civic issues
* Civic issues
*Crimes
* Crimes
*Income issue
* Income issue
*Classical arts (musical,dance)related dramas such as Noopur TV Series 1990–& Phoolwanti  
* Classical arts (musical,dance)related dramas such as Noopur TV Series 1990–& Phoolwanti
*Family loss  
* Family loss
|  
|
*[[Rajani (TV series)|Rajani]]
* [[Rajani (TV series)|Rajani]]
*[[Nukkad]]
* [[Nukkad]]
*[[Kissa Kathmandu Mein]]
* [[Kissa Kathmandu Mein]]
* [[Trishna (TV series)|Trishna]]
* [[Udaan (1989 TV series)|Udaan]]
|  
|
(Drama genres)
(Drama genres)
*Social drama  
* Social drama
*Novel type dramas
* Novel type dramas
**i) [[Trishna (TV series)|Trishna]] inspired by Jane Austen's 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice
** i) [[Trishna (TV series)|Trishna]] inspired by Jane Austen's 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice
**ii) [[Malgudi Days (TV series)]] based on R. K. Narayan’s 1943 work
** ii) [[Malgudi Days (TV series)]] based on R. K. Narayan's 1943 work
*Sitcom (Wagle Ki Duniya)from 1988 to 1990.
* Sitcom (Wagle Ki Duniya)from 1988 to 1990.
*Classic dramas
* Classic dramas
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1990's and Mid 1990s(1995,1996,1997)
| style="text-align: center;" | 1990's and Mid 1990s(1995,1996,1997)
| style="text-align: center;" |  
| style="text-align: center;" |
*Romantic Dramatic ,Emotional series,Friendships,Relationships  
* Romantic Dramatic ,Emotional series,Friendships,Relationships
*Particular Individual life story and perspective  
* Particular Individual life story and perspective
|  
|
*[[Doosra Keval]]
* [[Doosra Keval]]
*Aurat
* Aurat
*[[Shanti (TV series)|Shanti]]
* [[Shanti (TV series)|Shanti]]
*[[Junoon (1994 TV series)|Junoon]]
* [[Junoon (1994 TV series)|Junoon]]
*[[Hasratein]]
* [[Hasratein]]
*[[Tara (TV series)|Tara]]
* [[Tara (TV series)|Tara]]
*[[Swabhimaan]]
* [[Swabhimaan]]
*Beta
* Beta
*[[Sneha (TV series)|Sneha]]
* [[Sneha (TV series)|Sneha]]
*[[Ek Raja Ek Rani]]
* [[Ek Raja Ek Rani]]
*Waqt ki Raftar
* Waqt ki Raftar
*[[Itihaas (TV series)|Ithihaas]]
* [[Itihaas (TV series)|Ithihaas]]
*[[Thoda Hai Thode Ki Zaroorat Hai]]
* [[Thoda Hai Thode Ki Zaroorat Hai]]
|  
|
*First Romantic serial [[Phir Wahi Talash]]
* First Romantic serial [[Phir Wahi Talash]]
*[[Melodrama]] with intense plots, heightened emotion and Emotional dramas,[[Tragedy|Tragic-drama]],Legal Drama ([[Kanoon (TV series)|Kannoon]])
* [[Melodrama]] with intense plots, heightened emotion and Emotional dramas,[[Tragedy|Tragic-drama]],Legal Drama ([[Kanoon (TV series)|Kannoon]])
*[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum paanch]],[[Tu Tu Main Main]] well known comic drama
* [[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum paanch]],[[Tu Tu Main Main]] well known comic drama
*Family drama relationships  (story line based)which dealt with sensitive relationships strained relations,stigmatized Relationships
* Family drama relationships  (story line based)which dealt with sensitive relationships strained relations,stigmatized Relationships
*Family loss
* Family loss
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1998-2002
| style="text-align: center;" | 1998-2002
| style="text-align: center;" |  
| style="text-align: center;" |
*Rise and Popularity of Family Dramas  
* Rise and Popularity of Family Dramas
|  
|
*[[Kora Kagaz (TV series)|Kora kagaaz]]
* Sukanya
*[[Heena (TV series)|Heena]]
* [[Kora Kagaz (TV series)|Kora kagaaz]]
*[[Kanyadaan (1999 TV series)|Kanyadaan]]
* [[Heena (TV series)|Heena]]
*[[Kavita (TV series)|Kavita]]
* [[Kanyadaan (1999 TV series)|Kanyadaan]]
*[[Aashirwad (TV series)|AAshirwaad]]
* [[Kavita (TV series)|Kavita]]
*[[Dollar Bahu]]
* [[Aashirwad (TV series)|AAshirwaad]]
*[[Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye]]
* [[Dollar Bahu]]
*[[Rishtey (TV series)|Rishtey]]
*  Kasamm
*[[Babul Ki Duwayen Leti Jaa]]
* [[Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye]]
*[[Mehndi Tere Naam Ki]]
* [[Rishtey (TV series)|Rishtey]]
* [[Babul Ki Duwayen Leti Jaa]]
* [[Mehndi Tere Naam Ki]]
* [[Tu Kahe Agar]]
* [[Tu Kahe Agar]]
* [[Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii]]
* [[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]
| Rise after Family dramas popularity after [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]
| Rise after Family dramas popularity after [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]
*[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]] first Indian police procedural television series
* [[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]] first Indian police procedural television series
*[[Suraag – The Clue]] is an Indian television first detective-crime drama series  
* [[Suraag – The Clue]] is an Indian television first detective-crime drama series
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | After 2002&2003
| style="text-align: center;" | After 2002&2003-2008
| style="text-align: center;" |  
| style="text-align: center;" |
* Family Tv Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
* Family Tv Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
|  
|
*[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]
* [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]
*[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]
* [[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]
*Kyun Hota Hai Pyar
* Kyun Hota Hai Pyar
*[[Kutumb (TV series)|Kutumb]]
* [[Kutumb (TV series)|Kutumb]]
*[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]
* [[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]
*[[Dishayen]]
* [[Dishayen]]
*[[Tumhari Disha]]
* [[Tumhari Disha]]
*[[Kasamh Se]]
* [[Kasamh Se]]
*[[Sanjog Se Bani Sangini]]
|
*[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]
* In 2005 Integration episode(Mahasangam), Tv star Guest appearances ,Film actor Guest appearances for Promotion of film started to begin in serials <ref>{{Cite web|title=Big screen actors Sanjay Dutt and Sunil Shetty will soon appear on small screen to promote Apoorva Lakhia's forthcoming film Shootout At Lokhandwala|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanju-sunil-together-again/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 May 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=इतिहास रचने वाला सीरियल:'क्योंकि सास भी कभी बहू थी' को 20 साल पूरे, एकता बोलीं- गुजरात भूकंप के वक्त लोगों ने टीवी बाहर रख इसे देखा था
|  
|work=Dainik Bhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/ekta-kapoor-celebrates-20-years-of-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-127473578.html|date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> and reboot, spin off of more seasons were made for serial popularity.
*In 2005 Integration episode(Mahasangam), Tv star Guest appearances ,Film actor Guest appearances for Promotion of film started to begin in serials <ref>{{Cite web|title=Big screen actors Sanjay Dutt and Sunil Shetty will soon appear on small screen to promote Apoorva Lakhia's forthcoming film Shootout At Lokhandwala|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanju-sunil-together-again/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 May 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=इतिहास रचने वाला सीरियल:'क्योंकि सास भी कभी बहू थी' को 20 साल पूरे, एकता बोलीं- गुजरात भूकंप के वक्त लोगों ने टीवी बाहर रख इसे देखा था
* [[Sahara One]] launched novel based serial [[Sahib Biwi Gulam]] series is based on the 1953 Bengali novel [[Saheb Bibi Golam]] by [[Bimal Mitra]] which starred Actor [[Raveena Tandon]] was directed by [[Rituparno Ghosh]] with 104 episodes
|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/ekta-kapoor-celebrates-20-years-of-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-127473578.html|date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> and reboot, spin off of more seasons were made for serial popularity.
*[[Sahara One]] launched novel based serial [[Sahib Biwi Gulam]] series is based on the 1953 Bengali novel [[Saheb Bibi Golam]] by [[Bimal Mitra]] which starred Actor [[Raveena Tandon]] was directed by [[Rituparno Ghosh]] with 104 episodes
* Grihdaah Tv drama based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's epic novel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grihdaah ...A classic based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand.
* Grihdaah Tv drama based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's epic novel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grihdaah ...A classic based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand.
|url=https://www.samvaad.com/tv-production/grihdaah.htm }}</ref>
|url=https://www.samvaad.com/tv-production/grihdaah.htm }}</ref>
*[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]] which  was produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] inspired  on [[Saraswatichandra (novel)|Saraswatichandra]] by [[Govardhanram Tripathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|title=Saraswatichandra not a love story|website=Live Mint|date=30 March 2013 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328112036/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
* [[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]] which  was produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] inspired  on [[Saraswatichandra (novel)|Saraswatichandra]] by [[Govardhanram Tripathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|title=Saraswatichandra not a love story|website=Live Mint|date=30 March 2013 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328112036/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
*[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny|Karishma The Miracles Of Destiny]],[[Virrudh]],Shikwah had been critically acclaimed for its story and power packed performances.
* [[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny|Karishma The Miracles Of Destiny]],[[Virrudh]],Shikwah,[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]] had been critically acclaimed for its story and power packed performances.
*[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]],[[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi]],[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat – Thoda Jaadu, Thodi Nazaakat]] best sitcoms.
* [[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]],[[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi]],[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat – Thoda Jaadu, Thodi Nazaakat]] best sitcoms.
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2007-2015
| style="text-align: center;" | 2007-2015
| style="text-align: center;" |  
| style="text-align: center;" |
*More family dramas with  two  heroine leads with Contrasting personalities(Khatte Meethe) version
* In mid 2006 More family dramas came  with  two  heroine leads with (Khatte Meethe version) Contrasting personalities which became popular after [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]
*whereas in (2001-2008) past years serials dealt with [[Twin|twins]] and similar faces [[Doppelgänger]].
* whereas in (2001-2008) past years serials dealt with [[twin]]s and similar faces [[Doppelgänger]].
*This((Khatte Meethe version contrasting personality) trend took South TV serials after the remake of [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]] from 2013
* This((Khatte Meethe version contrasting personality) trend took South TV serials after the remake of [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]] from 2013
|  
*During mid 2006's love story serials like [[Sanjog Se Bani Sangini]], [[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere liye]],[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]],[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)|Ek Ladki Anjaani Si]],[[Kkavyanjali]],[[Jabb Love Hua]],[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]],[[Chand Ke Paar Chalo (TV series)|Chand Ke Paar Chalo]] [[Kya Dill Mein Hai]] which attracted only the specific audience younger generation at that time and could not extend long run .so the content makers started to develop  family dramas which included romance to cover the whole mass audience with all age groups (Middle aged and old).
*[[Kayamath]]
|
*[[Uttaran]]
*[[Lakshmi (2006 TV series)|Lakshmi]]
*[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]
* [[Kayamath]]
*[[Sasural Simar Ka]]
* [[Uttaran]]
*[[Deivam Thandha Veedu]] & Chandanamazha (Remake of Saath Nibhaana Saathiya)
* [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]
*[[Thalayanai Pookal]]
* [[Sasural Simar Ka]]
*[[Devathaiyai Kanden (TV series)|Devathaiyai Kanden]]
*[[Maharani (2009 TV series)|Maharani]]
*[[Swaragini – Jodein Rishton Ke Sur|Swaragini – Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]
* [[Deivam Thandha Veedu]] & Chandanamazha (Remake of Saath Nibhaana Saathiya)
*[[Sanjog (TV series)|Sanjog]]
* [[Thalayanai Pookal]]
|  
* [[Devathaiyai Kanden (TV series)|Devathaiyai Kanden]]
*'''More seasons are recreated in one serial
* [[Swaragini – Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]
(2008-16)Village people Dramas were very popular
|
*After the serial of [[Durgesh Nandinii]] and [[Balika Vadhu]] More tele serials popped up related to obstacles faced by  Rural life of residing people
*(2008-16)Village people Dramas were very popular
*[[Ganga Kii Dheej]],[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]],[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]],[[Do Saheliyaan... Kismat Ki Kathputaliyaan]],Main Baabul ke Des,Adhikaar ek kasam ek tapasya,[[Sanskaar Laxmi]],[[Tere Mere Sapne (TV series)|Tere Mere Sapne]],[[Waaris (2016 TV series)|Waaris]](2016 serial),[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]
* After the serial of [[Durgesh Nandinii]] and [[Balika Vadhu]] More tele serials popped up related to obstacles faced by  Rural life of residing people
* [[Ganga Kii Dheej]],[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]],[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]],[[Do Saheliyaan... Kismat Ki Kathputaliyaan]],Main Baabul ke Des,Adhikaar ek kasam ek tapasya,[[Sanskaar Laxmi]],[[Tere Mere Sapne (TV series)|Tere Mere Sapne]],[[Waaris (2016 TV series)|Waaris]](2016 serial),[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]].
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===Sudden growth & emerging trend during early 2000s===
=== Rapid Expansion and Emerging Trends in the Early 2000s ===
In 2002, [[StarPlus]] broadcast the period drama TV miniseries ''Asoka'', based on the [[Asoka (2001 film)|2001 film of the same name]], with a limited run of five episodes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Keep date with Asoka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226223107/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |archive-date=2018-02-26 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=indya.com - Asoka |url=http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414053116/http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |archive-date=2003-04-14 |access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref>
In 2002, [[StarPlus]] aired a period drama miniseries titled ''Asoka'', based on the [[Asoka (2001 film)|2001 film of the same name]]. The series had a limited run of five episodes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Keep date with Asoka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226223107/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |archive-date=2018-02-26 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=indya.com - Asoka |url=http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414053116/http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |archive-date=2003-04-14 |access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref>
 
During the late 2010s, the popularity of daytime dramas and noon slot dramas gradually declined, and today, there are no daytime dramas on any mainstream channels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Dopahar to call it a day, all shows to end on September 30 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/star-dopahar-to-call-it-a-day-all-shows-to-end-on-september-30-tv-news-4834240/ |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> Currently, the four major networks that air prime time television dramas with a nationwide following are Colors TV, Star Plus, Sony Entertainment Television, Sun TV, and Zee TV. In 2017 in order to expand viewership all networks are bringing noon slot and day time slot shows. Star Plus, one of the leading Hindi general entertainment channels, has reintroduced the afternoon slot<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Dopahar to bring again with four new shows |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/star-plus-to-reboot-afternoon-slot-with-4-new-shows/articleshow/57378471.cms?from=mdr|access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref> but ended after September 30, 2017
 
====Biographical dramas====
Biographical dramas based on historical figures also became popular, with notable examples such as ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'', ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'', ''[[Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]], [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|Rudramadevi]]'' bringing Indian history to life through television.


====Historical series====
By the late 2010s, the popularity of daytime and afternoon dramas had declined, and currently, no mainstream channels broadcast such programs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Dopahar to call it a day, all shows to end on September 30 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/star-dopahar-to-call-it-a-day-all-shows-to-end-on-september-30-tv-news-4834240/ |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> Today, the major networks with nationwide prime-time television dramas are [[Colors TV]], Star Plus, [[Sony Entertainment Television]], Sun TV, and [[Zee TV]]. In 2017, networks attempted to regain viewership by reintroducing shows in the afternoon and daytime slots. Star Plus briefly revived the afternoon slot, but it ended by September 30, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Dopahar to bring again with four new shows |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/star-plus-to-reboot-afternoon-slot-with-4-new-shows/articleshow/57378471.cms?from=mdr|access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
[[Porus (TV series)|''Porus'']], a [[historical drama]] based on the life of the Indian king [[Porus]], premiered on [[Sony Entertainment Television]] on 27 November 2017 and concluded on 13 November 2018. It is currently the most expensive show in Indian television history, with a budget exceeding 500 crores.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mathur |first1=Abhimanyu |title=India's most expensive TV show has bigger budget than Animal, Dunki, Fighter combined, no star; compared to Baahubali |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-india-s-most-expensive-tv-show-porus-budget-rs-500-crore-animal-dunki-fighter-vfx-compared-to-baahubali-sholay-3077085 |website=dnaindia.com |publisher=DNA India |access-date=6 Feb 2024}}</ref>


''[[21 Sarfarosh – Saragarhi 1897]]'',''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'',''[[Bharatvarsh (TV series)|Bharatvarsh]]'',''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]'',''[[Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani]]'' are Popular historical series.
==== Biographical dramas ====
Biographical dramas based on historical figures gained popularity on Indian television. Notable examples include ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'', ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'', ''[[Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]], [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|Rudramadevi]]''. These shows depicted significant moments and figures from Indian history.


====Crime dramas and Thriller series====
==== Historical Series ====
Crime dramas also became a staple of Indian television or TV. [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']] (1998–2018) followed a team of detectives from the Crime Investigation Department in [[Mumbai]] and became the longest-running crime TV series in [[India]], spanning 20 years. Other notable crime-thriller and professional series include, ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]'', ''[[Jasoos Vijay]]'', [[Special Squad (Indian TV series)|''Special Squad'']], ''[[Monica Mogre – Case Files]]'', [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']], [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']], [[24 (Indian TV series)|''24'']], [[CIF (TV series)|''CIF'']] and ''[[Zindagi Badal Sakta Hai Hadsaa]]''
[[Porus (TV series)|''Porus'']], a [[historical drama]] about the Indian king [[Porus]], aired on Sony Entertainment Television from 27 November 2017 to 13 November 2018. It is known as one of the most expensive shows in Indian television history, with a budget of over ₹500 crore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mathur |first1=Abhimanyu |title=India's most expensive TV show has bigger budget than Animal, Dunki, Fighter combined, no star; compared to Baahubali |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-india-s-most-expensive-tv-show-porus-budget-rs-500-crore-animal-dunki-fighter-vfx-compared-to-baahubali-sholay-3077085 |website=dnaindia.com |publisher=DNA India |access-date=6 Feb 2024}}</ref>


====Science fiction television series====
Other popular historical series include ''[[21 Sarfarosh – Saragarhi 1897]]'',''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'',''[[Bharatvarsh (TV series)|Bharatvarsh]]'',''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]'',''[[Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani]]''.
An Indian science fiction television series which was considered to be a famous late 1990s show called [[Captain Vyom]].


====Super hero shows====
==== Crime Dramas and Thriller Series ====
Some of the Superhero television shows were [[Shaktimaan]] and [[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha]] of late 1990's & early 2000's.
Crime dramas have been a staple of Indian television. [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']] (1998–2018) followed a team of detectives from Mumbai's Crime Investigation Department and became the longest-running crime show in India, airing for 20 years. Other notable crime and thriller series include ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]'', ''[[Jasoos Vijay]]'', [[Special Squad (Indian TV series)|''Special Squad'']], ''[[Monica Mogre – Case Files]]'', [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']], [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']], [[24 (Indian TV series)|''24'']], [[CIF (TV series)|''CIF'']], and ''[[Zindagi Badal Sakta Hai Hadsaa]]''.


====Fantasy television series====
==== Science Fiction Series ====
''[[Son Pari]]'',''[[Arslaan]]'',''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'',''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'',''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', Antariksh- Ek Amar Katha are one of the known Fantasy shows of 2000's. [[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]] show was one of the profound  television series of Sony SAB  from 2018 to 2021
[[Captain Vyom]], an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s.


====Comedy shows====
==== Superhero Shows ====
''[[Khushiyan]]'',''Soni Mahiwal'',''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]'',''[[Bhaskar Bharti]]'',''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]]'',''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]]'',''[[Maddam Sir]]'' were Best Comedy shows
Superhero shows like [[Shaktimaan]] and [[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha]] gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s.


====Comedy sitcoms====
==== Fantasy Series ====
''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum paanch]]'', ''Hum Saath Aaat Hain'', ''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]'',''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV series)|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]'',''[[Malini Iyer]]'',''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'',''[[Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu]]'',''Kadvee Khattee Meethi'',''[[Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi]]'',''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|FIR]]'', ''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]'',''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]'',''[[Chidiya Ghar]]'',''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]'',''[[Sumit Sambhal Lega]]'',''[[TV Biwi Aur Main]]'',''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo]]'' were successful Comic sitcoms
Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'',''[[Arslaan]]'',''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'',''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'',''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha were popular in the early 2000s. [[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]] aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 2018 to 2021.
''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]'' and ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'' are famous sitcoms and one of the longest-running television series in India.''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'',''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'',''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'' sitcoms continue to be considered some of the best sitcoms in India.


====Historical comedy drama====
==== Comedy Shows ====
[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]] which is a Popular historical comedy drama based on the life of the legendary Telugu poet [[Tenali Ramakrishna]] aired on [[Sony SAB]] on 11 July 2017
Popular comedy shows include ''[[Khushiyan]]'',''Soni Mahiwal'',''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]'',''[[Bhaskar Bharti]]'',''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]]'',''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]]'',''[[Maddam Sir]]''.


====Revenge series====
==== Comedy Sitcoms ====
Revenge-thriller series also gained attraction with ''Kasamm'', ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]'',''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3]]'', ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'', ''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]'', ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]'', and ''[[Beyhadh]]'' are among the most Well-known examples in this genre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 revenge dramas on Indian TV with dramatic twists; from Mouni Roy’s Naagin to Nakuul Mehta’s Ishqbaaz|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/top-5-revenge-dramas-on-indian-tv-with-dramatic-twists-from-mouni-roys-naagin-to-nakuul-mehtas-ishqbaaz-1338429|website=pinkvilla.com}}</ref>[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|Nagin - Vaadon Ki Agnipariksha]] played by Sayantani Ghosh was the earlier First popular Revenge related show launched in 2007 and telecasted  during Weekends.
Well-known sitcoms include ''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum paanch]]'', ''Hum Saath Aaat Hain'', ''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]'',''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV series)|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]'',''[[Malini Iyer]]'',''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'',''[[Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu]]'',''Kadvee Khattee Meethi'',''[[Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi]]'',''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|FIR]]'', ''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]'',''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]'',''[[Chidiya Ghar]]'',''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]'',''[[Sumit Sambhal Lega]]'',''[[TV Biwi Aur Main]]'',''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo]]'', ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]'', and ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''. Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'',''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'',''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' are still considered among the best in India.


====Fashion related series====
==== Historical Comedy Drama ====
''[[Main Banoongi Miss India]]'',''[[Lipstick (TV series)]]'' series are one of the best Fashion related series.
[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]], based on the life of the Telugu poet [[Tenali Ramakrishna]], aired on Sony SAB starting on 11 July 2017.


==== Flight attendant related series====
==== Revenge Series ====
''Air Hostess'' series launched on DD National Produced by Rupesh Gohil is one of the series related to Flight attendant <ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
Revenge-thriller shows such as Kasamm, ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]'',''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3]]'', ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'', ''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]'', ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]'', and ''[[Beyhadh]]'' gained significant attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 revenge dramas on Indian TV with dramatic twists; from Mouni Roy's Naagin to Nakuul Mehta's Ishqbaaz|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/top-5-revenge-dramas-on-indian-tv-with-dramatic-twists-from-mouni-roys-naagin-to-nakuul-mehtas-ishqbaaz-1338429|website=pinkvilla.com|date=12 August 2024 }}</ref> [[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|Nagin - Vaadon Ki Agnipariksha]], starring Sayantani Ghosh, was an earlier example of the genre and aired in 2007.


==== Aviator(Pilot) related series====
==== Fashion-Related Series ====
[[Airlines (Indian TV series)|Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan]] which was produced by [[Miditech]] with Actors [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir as main roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>
''[[Main Banoongi Miss India]]'',''[[Lipstick (TV series)]]'' were notable series focused on fashion.


====Aviation related series====
==== Flight Attendant and Aviation-Related Series ====
[[Saara Akaash]] and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'' related to Air forces.
Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan]], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include [[Saara Akaash]] and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'', centered on the air force.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>


====Legal dramatic series ====
==== Legal Drama Series ====
In 1993 [[DD Metro]] launched [[Kanoon (TV series)|Kanoon]] which was courtroom drama/crime series. with 111-episodes [[Hindi]] series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19931215-b-r-chopra-back-on-tv-with-courtroom-drama-811942-1993-12-15|title=B R Chopra back with courtroom drama|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> It was produced by [[B. R. Chopra]] and directed by his son [[Ravi Chopra]].
In 1993, [[DD Metro]] aired ''[[Kanoon (TV series)|Kanoon]]'', a courtroom drama with 111 episodes produced by [[B. R. Chopra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19931215-b-r-chopra-back-on-tv-with-courtroom-drama-811942-1993-12-15|title=B R Chopra back with courtroom drama|date=15 December 1993 |access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> Another notable legal drama was [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']] (2010–2016), which focused on a defense lawyer, Advocate K. D. Pathak, played by [[Ronit Roy]].


Another popular series, [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']] (2010–16), revolved around a defense lawyer, Advocate K. D. Pathak, played by Ronit Roy.
==== Army Training Academy-Related Series ====
''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]'' on SAB TV followed the story of six cadets at an Indian Army academy.


====Army Training Academy related series====
==== Social Dramas ====
[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]] aired on [[SAB TV]] is about the 6 cadets in an Indian Army academy face many obstacles, yet stand together.
Shows that addressed societal issues, such as ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' (child marriage), ''[[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]]'' (gender discrimination), ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]'' (societal prejudice), ''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai|Bidaai]]'' and ''[[Karuthamuthu]]'' (skin color bias), ''[[Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann]]'' (women's empowerment), ''Dahhej'' and ''Sthreedhanam'' (dowry), were widely viewed..<ref>{{Cite web |title=2,000 episodes on, 'Balika Vadhu' still questions societal norms|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/2-000-episodes-on-balika-vadhu-still-questions-societal-norms-115092401085_1.html|website=business-standard.com}}</ref>


====Social drama====
==== Mythological Series (2011–2020) ====
Serials addressing societal issues, such as child marriage, gender inequality, and dowry, include [[Balika Vadhu|Balika Vadhu (focused on child marriage)]],[[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]] (exploring gender discrimination), [[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]] ( dealing with societal prejudice), [[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai|Bidaai (highlighting skin color bias)]], [[Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann]] (centered on women's empowerment), and Dahhej (addressing the dowry system),Godh Bharai(Life of a childless couple who suffer in silence),[[Reth (TV series)|Reth]](battles the stigma despite being ostracised).<ref>{{Cite web |title=2,000 episodes on, 'Balika Vadhu' still questions societal norms|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/2-000-episodes-on-balika-vadhu-still-questions-societal-norms-115092401085_1.html|website=business-standard.com}}</ref>
''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' achieved record-breaking [[Target rating point|TRPs]] and became one of the most successful mythological dramas in India. Other popular mythological series include ''[[Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]'', ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013-2014), and ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakaali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-to-go-off-air-soon-pooja-sharma-saurabh-raaj-share-pictures-from-the-last-day-of-the-sets/articleshow/65130912.cms|title=Mahakaali to air off soon|website=The Times of India|date=25 July 2018 }}</ref>


====Mythological series from 2011 -2020====
==== Parental Conflict Series ====
*The famous Mythological series of 2011-2014 the Indian [[mythological]] [[drama]] ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' achieved a record-breaking [[Target rating point|TRP]] of 8.2 for a single episode, marking it as one of the highest-rated shows in its genre.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}The Best Actor in a Negative Role won by [[Mohit Raina]] [[Jalandhara|(Jalandhar)]] from Devon Ke Dev... Mahadev Serial at the 13th ITA Awards 2013.
Shows like ''[[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]'' and ''[[Maya (2012 TV series)|Maya]]'' explored the complexities of parental relationships but had shorter runs.
*[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]] show which started on 23 September –20 December 2019,where Raviz Thakur played the role of  [[Kali (demon)|khaliyug asura]] anti-character became prominent among the viewers.
*[[Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]] which is a [[Colors TV]] show had international reception and show gained a lot of popularity among audiences<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakaali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-to-go-off-air-soon-pooja-sharma-saurabh-raaj-share-pictures-from-the-last-day-of-the-sets/articleshow/65130912.cms|title=Mahakaali to air off soon|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]] one of the famous series in Star plus from 2013 to 2014
 
====Parental conflict series====
[[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]] & [[Maya (2012 TV series)|Maya]] these series were best series about parental conflict but ran for short span


==Evolution of TV serials from 2001-2020==
==Evolution of TV serials from 2001-2020==
===Best shows of 2000s to 2010s===
===Best shows of 2000s to 2010s===
Daytime family dramas, including noon slots and prime-time retelecasts during the daytime, were highly popular throughout the 2000s to 2010s
Daytime family dramas, including noon slots and prime-time retelecasts during the daytime, were highly popular throughout the 2000s to 2010s
*''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'': The series focuses on the wealthy Gujarati Virani family Tulsi Virani and her bold journey. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
* ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'': The series focuses on the wealthy Gujarati Virani family Tulsi Virani and her bold journey. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
*''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]'': The story about Parvati depicts how sometimes one must stand against her loved ones for certain situations. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
* ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]'': The story about Parvati depicts how sometimes one must stand against her loved ones for certain situations. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
*''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagi Kay]]'': The poignant love story of Prerna and Anurag and how they reconcile and help each other which creates misunderstandings in new relationships. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
* ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagi Kay]]'': The poignant love story of Prerna and Anurag and how they reconcile and help each other which creates misunderstandings in new relationships. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
*''[[Kaahin Kissii Roz]]'': The cold war of Shaina and Ramola. The battle of daughter-in-law Shaina digs out stepmother-in-law Ramola's past life which creates bitter enmity revenge. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
* ''[[Kaahin Kissii Roz]]'': The cold war of Shaina and Ramola. The battle of daughter-in-law Shaina digs out stepmother-in-law Ramola's past life which creates bitter enmity revenge. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
*''[[Kahiin to Hoga]]'': Loosely inspired of the work Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen; story about Kashish and her four sisters. Aired on [[Star Plus]]  
* ''[[Kahiin to Hoga]]'': Loosely inspired of the work Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen; story about Kashish and her four sisters. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
*''[[Behenein]]'': The story of four united sisters who go through their life after they lose parents. Aired on [[Star Plus]].
* ''[[Behenein]]'': The story of four united sisters who go through their life after they lose parents. Aired on [[Star Plus]].
* ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'': The story of contrasting different sisters Gopi and Rashi. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
* ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'': The story of contrasting different sisters Gopi and Rashi. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
* ''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]]'': Young, strong-minded woman, Pratigya Saxena who faces more abusive humiliation due to her straightforward attitude. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
* ''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]]'': Young, strong-minded woman, Pratigya Saxena who faces more abusive humiliation due to her straightforward attitude. Aired on [[Star Plus]]
*''[[Maryada: Lekin Kab Tak?]]'': 4 women in Jakhar mansion live with own dark secrets; yet pretend to be very fine happy and at certain moment they decide to fight it jointly. Aired on [[Star Plus]].
* ''[[Maryada: Lekin Kab Tak?]]'': 4 women in Jakhar mansion live with own dark secrets; yet pretend to be very fine happy and at certain moment they decide to fight it jointly. Aired on [[Star Plus]].
*''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)|Viraasat]]'': The love story of Rahul Lamba and Priyanka Kharbanda. Their married life gets affected by her brother-in-law Rishabh Lamba having envy and rivalry with his younger brother Rahul and fuelling business rivalry against Priyanka's elder brother Kunal Kharbanda which makes worst impact on their own families. Aired on [[Star Plus]]& shifted to [[STAR One]].  
* ''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)|Viraasat]]'': The love story of Rahul Lamba and Priyanka Kharbanda. Their married life gets affected by her brother-in-law Rishabh Lamba having envy and rivalry with his younger brother Rahul and fuelling business rivalry against Priyanka's elder brother Kunal Kharbanda which makes worst impact on their own families. Aired on [[Star Plus]]& shifted to [[STAR One]].
* ''Poovilangu'': The story of Thamarai who is educated and married to IT employee where she is made to put down and not given opportunity to work whereas husband who has extra marital relationship with colleague friend Ishwarya. Aired on [[Star Vijay]]
* ''Poovilangu'': The story of Thamarai who is educated and married to IT employee where she is made to put down and not given opportunity to work whereas husband who has extra marital relationship with colleague friend Ishwarya. Aired on [[Star Vijay]]
*''[[Roja Kootam (TV series)|Roja Kootam]]:'' 5 women friends who stay in apartment having different experiences loosely inspired by desperate housewives. Aired on [[Star Vijay]]
* ''[[Roja Kootam (TV series)|Roja Kootam]]:'' 5 women friends who stay in apartment having different experiences loosely inspired by desperate housewives. Aired on [[Star Vijay]]
*''[[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]]'': Rani Mittal a rich girl who gets married into a poor family and struggles to adjust. Aired on [[Sahara One]]
* ''[[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]]'': Rani Mittal a rich girl who gets married into a poor family and struggles to adjust. Aired on [[Sahara One]]
* ''[[Ganga Kii Dheej]]'': The story revolves around an isolated ostracized young girl named Pakhi saved by Agantuk is bound to marry him forgetting her lover, Shivom. Aired on [[Sahara One]]  
* ''[[Ganga Kii Dheej]]'': The story revolves around an isolated ostracized young girl named Pakhi saved by Agantuk is bound to marry him forgetting her lover, Shivom. Aired on [[Sahara One]]
* ''[[Kkusum]]'': This show is about Kkusum Deshmukh. Aired on[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
* ''[[Kkusum]]'': This show is about Kkusum Deshmukh. Aired on[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
*''[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]'': Thriller series are Popular dramas of 2000's. Aired on[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
* ''[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]'': Thriller series are Popular dramas of 2000's. Aired on[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
*''[[Maayka]]'': Story about two surviving soni and mahi who lost their parents in accident. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
* ''[[Maayka]]'': Story about two surviving soni and mahi who lost their parents in accident. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''[[Kasamh Se]]:'' 3 sisters Bani, Piya, Rano taking care of each other gets affected by circumstances and their unity is affected. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
* ''[[Kasamh Se]]:'' 3 sisters Bani, Piya, Rano taking care of each other gets affected by circumstances and their unity is affected. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]'': The story of 3 people Vidya, Sagar, Sindoora. Sindoora, who has greedy attitude, prefers to control business and property, pushes her brother Sagar and sister-in-law Vidya to grave difficulty. This series was immensely popular and maintained a strong viewership. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
* ''[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]'': The story of 3 people Vidya, Sagar, Sindoora. Sindoora, who has greedy attitude, prefers to control business and property, pushes her brother Sagar and sister-in-law Vidya to grave difficulty. This series was immensely popular and maintained a strong viewership. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''[[Koshish – Ek Aashaa]]'': Series about Kajal married to mentally challenged person. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
* ''[[Koshish – Ek Aashaa]]'': Series about Kajal married to mentally challenged person Neeraj. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'': Shankar Pratapsingh who works in criminal world with uncontrollable temper. His head Rudra Pratapsingh wishes to utilise his anger for his field. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
* ''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'': Shankar Pratapsingh who works in criminal world with uncontrollable temper. His head Rudra Pratapsingh wishes to utilise his anger for his field. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''[[Dishayen]]'': A tale of twin sisters Neha & Nikita deceived and trapped in own lie. Aired on [[DD National]]
* ''[[Dishayen]]'': A tale of twin sisters Neha & Nikita deceived and trapped in own lie. Aired on [[DD National]]
* ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'': Ambitious woman Abhi who is envied by her Ex-husband Baskar and shares bitter Rivalry towards her corporate malpractice half-brother Adhitya. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Tv]]
* ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'': Ambitious woman Abhi who is envied by her Ex-husband Baskar and shares bitter Rivalry towards her corporate malpractice half-brother Adhitya. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Tv]]
*[[Thendral]]: The story about Tulasi how she strives to pursue her education, and her life turns beautiful after she finds supportive husband Tamizh. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Tv]]
* [[Thendral]]: The story about Tulasi how she strives to pursue her education, and her life turns beautiful after she finds supportive husband Tamizh. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Tv]]
 
*[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]:Dr. Simran Mathur, a renowned gynecologist who  marries a man Abhimanyu Saxena a.k.a. Abhi (Dr. Simran's husband) ten years younger than herself and how she is trapped in pungent criticism
*[[Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii]]:story of two childhood friends, Tanushree and Sonia and has misunderstanding friendship breaksafter they  discover that they are both married to the same man, Harsh
==Other diverse dramas==
==Other diverse dramas==
=== Noon slots ===
=== Noon slots ===
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===Concept related serials===
===Concept related serials===
==== Parenting related shows====
====Parenting related shows====
Though these serials had stipulated run but it had strong emotional theme related to parent hood.Few tele-series were created with a focus on parenthood and the complexities of parent-child relationships, such as
Though these serials had stipulated run but it had strong emotional theme related to parent hood.Few tele-series were created with a focus on parenthood and the complexities of parent-child relationships, such as
 
* ''[[Basera (2009 TV series)|Basera]]'' (How old couples are treated with disregard)
*''[[Basera (2009 TV series)|Basera]]'' (How old couples are treated with disregard)  
* ''[[Thalattu (TV series)|Thalattu]]''(Separation of mother and son through circumstances)
*''[[Thalattu (TV series)|Thalattu]]''(Separation of mother and son through circumstances)
* ''[[Tera Yaar Hoon Main]]'' (Father's longing to receive son's affection)
*''[[Tera Yaar Hoon Main]]'' (Father's longing to receive son's affection)
* ''Sautela''(Father and son emotional bond),  
* ''Sautela''(Father and son emotional bond),
* ''[[Mere Papa Hero Hiralal]]'' (Father and daughter bond)
* ''[[Mere Papa Hero Hiralal]]'' (Father and daughter bond)  
* ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]'',Parvarrish – Season 2 (Struggles of upbringing which explored the struggles of parents and their evolving dynamics with children).
*''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]'',Parvarrish – Season 2 (Struggles of upbringing which explored the struggles of parents and their evolving dynamics with children).
* ''Thangamana purushan(season 2)'' (A person whose wife is mentally sick for losing her child therefore searches his child which is adopted in some other family )
*''Thangamana purushan(season 2)'' (A person whose wife is mentally sick for losing her child therefore searches his child which is adopted in some other family )
* ''Santaan ''(challenges of a parent)&''Swaran Ghar''(Parents face struggle to provide the best things for their children) dealt with emotional challenges and experiences of a parent.
*''Santaan ''(challenges of a parent)&''Swaran Ghar''(Parents face struggle to provide the best things for their children) dealt with emotional challenges and experiences of a parent.
* ''[[Sasneham (TV series)|Sasneham]] ''(The story of mothers and fathers in oldage home.)


====Sports related shows====
====Sports related shows====
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==== Shows Had Portrayed related to work place rivalry & toxicity ====
==== Shows Had Portrayed related to work place rivalry & toxicity ====
*''Kokila Enge Pogiraal'' which was a Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV from 1999 to 2000 and produced under the banner by [[Sivaji Productions]] revolves around the life of Kokila played by Actor[[Easwari Rao]] who works in office as employee where she develops rivalry through evil colleague who is a rich business man and she gets framed for wrong reasons in fake case  but actually was done by same  colleague with the influence of a politician and help of a lawyer as they want to escape the case.
* ''Kokila Enge Pogiraal'' which was a Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV from 1999 to 2000 and produced under the banner by [[Sivaji Productions]] revolves around the life of Kokila played by Actor[[Easwari Rao]] who works in office as employee where she develops rivalry through evil colleague who is a rich business man and she gets framed for wrong reasons in fake case  but actually was done by same  colleague with the influence of a politician and help of a lawyer as they want to escape the case.
*''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]'' season2 which had portrayed toxic work place cultures for few episodes as Gauri ([[Pallavi Subhash]]) as single mother who  works in her deceased husband's Takeover partnership Firm  which was acquired by distant brother in law Moksh(Arbaaz Ali Khan)
* ''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]'' season2 which had portrayed toxic work place cultures for few episodes as Gauri ([[Pallavi Subhash]]) as single mother who  works in her deceased husband's Takeover partnership Firm  which was acquired by distant brother in law Moksh(Arbaaz Ali Khan)
*The season 3 of [[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi|Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3]] where Sanjana played by Actor[[Sana Amin Sheikh]] as Negative lead where she works in Dev's communication business company as a  Self-proclaimed fake interior decorator & Plagiarist designer.
* The season 3 of [[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi|Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3]] where Sanjana played by Actor[[Sana Amin Sheikh]] as Negative lead where she works in Dev's communication business company as a  Self-proclaimed fake interior decorator & Plagiarist designer.
*''[[Deivamagal|Deivamagal serial]]'' had Actor Rekha Krishnappa played the role of Gayathri anniyar as Autocratic authoritarian Hotel supervisor possessing Superiority complex attitude
* ''[[Deivamagal|Deivamagal serial]]'' had Actor Rekha Krishnappa played the role of Gayathri anniyar as Autocratic authoritarian Hotel supervisor possessing Superiority complex attitude


==== Shows Had Portrayed related to [[Office humor]] ====
==== Shows Had Portrayed related to [[Office humor]] ====
one of the best series related to workplace humor  
one of the best series related to workplace humor
*[[Rishta.com]] series (A show about Partners who run matrimonial agency)
* [[Rishta.com]] series (A show about Partners who run matrimonial agency)
*[[Office (TV series)|office]] series (A show about friendships of four employees in their company.)
* [[Office (TV series)|office]] series (A show about friendships of four employees in their company.)
*[[Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan]] (A show about 4 people who work in Advertising Agency)
* [[Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan]] (A show about 4 people who work in Advertising Agency)


====Business rivalry related shows====
====Business rivalry related shows====
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===Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi===
===Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi===
Home TV channel aired Foreign [[East Asia]]dramas in Hindi from 1996-1999 after 1999 the channel was closed.
Home TV channel aired Foreign [[East Asia]]dramas in Hindi from 1996-1999 after 1999 the channel was closed.


In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] had syndicated diverse shows from various countries including Brazil, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and Ukraine and dubbed in Hindi. That was the turning point where viewers made different choices to watch shows from various countries.
In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] had syndicated diverse shows from various countries including Brazil, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and Ukraine and dubbed in Hindi. That was the turning point where viewers made different choices to watch shows from various countries.


From 2015, the Hindi television industry has been striving to create new contents due to OTT platform saturation and other foreign TV dramas & Asian dramas.  
From 2015, the Hindi television industry has been striving to create new contents due to OTT platform saturation and other foreign TV dramas & Asian dramas.


==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)==
==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)==
Presently, ''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]'', ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]'',''[[Pashminna – Dhaage Mohabbat Ke]]'',''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]'' ''[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]]'',''[[Tera Mera Saath Rahe]]'',''[[Hamari Wali Good News]]'',''[[Kahaan Hum Kahaan Tum]]'' are one of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positve response from the audience
Presently, ''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]'', ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]'',''[[Pashminna – Dhaage Mohabbat Ke]]'',''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]'' ''[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]]'',''[[Tera Mera Saath Rahe]]'',''[[Hamari Wali Good News]]'',''[[Kahaan Hum Kahaan Tum]]'', ''[[Gouri Shankaram]],[[Kaathodu Kaathoram]],[[Koodevide (TV series)|Koodevide]]'' are one of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience


''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]'',''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]'',''[[Chellamma (TV series)|Chellamma]]''
''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]'',''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]'',''[[Chellamma (TV series)|Chellamma]]''
[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]] are one of the popular dramas.
[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]] are one of the popular dramas.


''[[Anupamaa]]'', ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]'',''[[Tu Chal Pudha]]'',''[[Sreemoyee]]'',''[[Sevvanthi (TV series)|Sevvanthi]]'', ''[[Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii]]'', ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]'',''Bas Itna Sa Khwaab'',''[[Intinti Gruhalakshmi]]'',''[[Maddam Sir]]'', ''Corporate Sarpanch'', ''[[Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan]]'', ''[[Dheere Dheere Se (TV series)|Dheere Dheere Se]]'', ''[[Main Hoon Aparajita]]'',''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]'' are one of the different kind of  shows based on Women protagonist centric.''[[Ekk Nayi Pehchaan]]'' a Women protagonist centric show which was dubbed in regional languages and was remade in Telugu Version as Maa Atta Bangaram.
''[[Anupamaa]]'', ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]'',''[[Tu Chal Pudha]]'',''[[Sreemoyee]]'',''[[Sevvanthi (TV series)|Sevvanthi]]'', ''[[Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii]]'', ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]'',''Bas Itna Sa Khwaab'',''[[Intinti Gruhalakshmi]]'',''[[Maddam Sir]]'', ''Corporate Sarpanch'', ''[[Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan]]'', ''[[Dheere Dheere Se (TV series)|Dheere Dheere Se]]'', ''[[Main Hoon Aparajita]]'',''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]'',''[[Kudumbavilakku]],[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]] ,[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]'' are one of the different kind of  shows based on Women protagonist centric.''[[Ekk Nayi Pehchaan]]'' a Women protagonist centric show which was dubbed in regional languages and was remade in Telugu Version as Maa Atta Bangaram.


== Indian television series inspired from films==
==Indian television series inspired from films==
*[[Naamkarann]] was inspired by the 1998 [[Bollywood]] film [[Zakhm]], it was based on the life of filmmaker [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
* [[Naamkarann]] was inspired by the 1998 [[Bollywood]] film [[Zakhm]], it was based on the life of filmmaker [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
*[[Dil Se Dil Tak]] was loosely based on the 2001 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/spoilers/colors-dil-se-dil-tak-to-recreate-chori-chori-chupke-chupke-movies-scene/2017/06/21|title=Colors' Dil Se Dil Tak to recreate Chori Chori Chupke Chupke movies scene|date=21 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dil-se-dil-tak-promo-2-jasmin-bhasin-will-remind-you-of-preity-zinta-from-chori-chori-chupke-chupke/|title=Dil Se Dil Tak promo 2: Jasmin Bhasin will remind you of Preity Zinta from Chori Chori Chupke Chupke|date=31 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[Dil Se Dil Tak]] was loosely based on the 2001 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/spoilers/colors-dil-se-dil-tak-to-recreate-chori-chori-chupke-chupke-movies-scene/2017/06/21|title=Colors' Dil Se Dil Tak to recreate Chori Chori Chupke Chupke movies scene|date=21 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dil-se-dil-tak-promo-2-jasmin-bhasin-will-remind-you-of-preity-zinta-from-chori-chori-chupke-chupke/|title=Dil Se Dil Tak promo 2: Jasmin Bhasin will remind you of Preity Zinta from Chori Chori Chupke Chupke|date=31 December 2016}}</ref>
*Another adaptation was [[Seeta Aur Geeta (TV series)|''Seeta Aur Geeta'']], was based on the popular [[Bollywood]] film [[Seeta Aur Geeta|of the same name]] (1972), written by [[Salim–Javed]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pereira |first=Priyanka |date=8 June 2009 |title=Lookalike |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/lookalike/472855/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2008 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta to be back |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/seeta-aur-geeta-to-be-back/story-Ab3UgYPTo2RY833Ux9cQKI.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2009 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta hit home - DELI - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Seeta-Aur-Geeta-hit-home/article15938416.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Seeta Aur Geeta' a TV show |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-seeta-aur-geeta-a-tv-show-1216163 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The two in one girl |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-two-in-one-girl/cid/625133 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>
* Another adaptation was [[Seeta Aur Geeta (TV series)|''Seeta Aur Geeta'']], was based on the popular [[Bollywood]] film [[Seeta Aur Geeta|of the same name]] (1972), written by [[Salim–Javed]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pereira |first=Priyanka |date=8 June 2009 |title=Lookalike |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/lookalike/472855/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2008 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta to be back |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/seeta-aur-geeta-to-be-back/story-Ab3UgYPTo2RY833Ux9cQKI.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2009 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta hit home - DELI - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Seeta-Aur-Geeta-hit-home/article15938416.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Seeta Aur Geeta' a TV show |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-seeta-aur-geeta-a-tv-show-1216163 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The two in one girl |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-two-in-one-girl/cid/625133 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>
*[[Bhaskar Bharti]] is an Indian fantasy comedy-drama television series loosely inspired by from the Hindi film [[Mr Ya Miss]]
* [[Bhaskar Bharti]] is an Indian fantasy comedy-drama television series loosely inspired by from the Hindi film [[Mr Ya Miss]]
*There was speculation the negative role essayed as Maya dangerously obsessive lover from original first season of [[Beyhadh]] loosely based on that of role of Isha Diwan played by Actor Kajol in [[Gupt: The Hidden Truth]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Beyhadh based on Gupt? |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/is-jennifer-wingets-beyhadh-inspired-by-kajols-gupt-806942/ |website=bollywoodlife.com}}</ref>
* There was speculation the negative role essayed as Maya dangerously obsessive lover from original first season of [[Beyhadh]] loosely based on that of role of Isha Diwan played by Actor Kajol in [[Gupt: The Hidden Truth]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Beyhadh based on Gupt? |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/is-jennifer-wingets-beyhadh-inspired-by-kajols-gupt-806942/ |website=bollywoodlife.com|date=3 October 2016 }}</ref>
*[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]] is a supernatural television series produced [[Balaji Telefilms]]by Ekta Kapoor inspired by [[Twilight (2008 film)|Twilight]]
* [[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]] is a supernatural television series produced [[Balaji Telefilms]]by Ekta Kapoor inspired by [[Twilight (2008 film)|Twilight]]
*[[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]] was inspired from the film [[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Indian shows inspired from films |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/entertainment/television/naagin-dil-se-dil-tak-10-indian-television-shows-inspired-by-bollywood-films-1713263408768|website=dnaindia.com}}</ref>
* [[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]] was inspired from the film [[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Indian shows inspired from films |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/entertainment/television/naagin-dil-se-dil-tak-10-indian-television-shows-inspired-by-bollywood-films-1713263408768|website=dnaindia.com}}</ref>
*[[Love U Zindagi|Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde]] is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]] is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]''.
* [[Love U Zindagi|Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde]] is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]] is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]''.


==Web impact ==
==Web impact==
===South===
===South===
In [[World Wide Web|‎Web platform]] esp in South language mainly Tamil web content makers create tele-based web series or make parody manner which creates million of views  
In [[World Wide Web|‎Web platform]] esp in South language mainly Tamil web content makers create tele-based web series or make parody (slight humour) manner which creates million of views  
*''Kodumakkari chitthi''by Tamil Village Stories web channel
*''Kodumakkari chitthi'' by Tamil Village Stories web channel
*''Karma serial''Season1 & Season2 by Bombay Chanakya's FastFlix later reaired in Sankara TV
*''Karma serial'' season1 and season 2 by Bombay Chanakya's FastFlix later reaired in Sankara TV
* ''Serial VS Reality'' Webisode by Araathi web channel enacted by Big boss fame Actor Youtuber [[Poornima Ravi]].
* ''Serial VS Reality'' Webisode by Araathi web channel enacted by Big boss fame Actor-Youtuber [[Poornima Ravi]].


== Social impact ==
== Social impact ==
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A 2007 study examining the introduction of cable television in rural [[India]] revealed that it led to "significant decreases in the reported acceptability of [[Domestic violence in India|domestic violence towards women]] and [[Abortion in India|son preference]], as well as increases in women's autonomy and decreases in fertility." The study also provided "suggestive evidence that exposure to cable television increases [[Education in India|school enrollment]] for younger children, possibly through the increased participation of women in household decision-making."<ref>Jensen, Robert & Oster, Emily Oster (August 2007). ''"[http://www.nber.org/papers/w13305 The Power of TV: Cable Television and Women's Status in India.]"'' [[Quarterly Journal of Economics]], MIT Press. Vol. 124(3) pp. 1057-1094.</ref><ref>Munshi, Shoma (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=agw0m5m9oS8C Prime Time Soap Operas on Indian Television]. Routledge, New Delhi. {{ISBN|978-0-415-55377-3}}. pp. 200.</ref>
A 2007 study examining the introduction of cable television in rural [[India]] revealed that it led to "significant decreases in the reported acceptability of [[Domestic violence in India|domestic violence towards women]] and [[Abortion in India|son preference]], as well as increases in women's autonomy and decreases in fertility." The study also provided "suggestive evidence that exposure to cable television increases [[Education in India|school enrollment]] for younger children, possibly through the increased participation of women in household decision-making."<ref>Jensen, Robert & Oster, Emily Oster (August 2007). ''"[http://www.nber.org/papers/w13305 The Power of TV: Cable Television and Women's Status in India.]"'' [[Quarterly Journal of Economics]], MIT Press. Vol. 124(3) pp. 1057-1094.</ref><ref>Munshi, Shoma (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=agw0m5m9oS8C Prime Time Soap Operas on Indian Television]. Routledge, New Delhi. {{ISBN|978-0-415-55377-3}}. pp. 200.</ref>


==Television rating point and rankings ==
==Television rating point and rankings==
After 2000's Indian television serials are based on [[Television Rating Point|Target rating point]]  as an indicator and benchmark  that signifies a TV programme's success & measures people's interests/viewership .<ref>{{cite web |title=Most watched shows of the week The latest TRP rankings revealed "Anupamaa" continued to dominate the top spot|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/most-watched-tv-shows-of-week-anupamaa-maintains-top-spot-kanwar-dhillon-neha-harsoras-udne-ki-aasha-surpasses-ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin-and-yeh-rishta/articleshow/112202697.cms}}</ref> Story line changes based on TRP and sometimes most of the serials have to wrap up soon with quick end due to decrease in the level of TRP's.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeete Hain Jiske Liye taken off air|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/why-smita-bansal-feels-cheated/articleshow/2283206.cms}}</ref>
After 2000's Indian television serials are based on [[Television Rating Point|Target rating point]]  as an indicator and benchmark  that signifies a TV programme's success & measures people's interests/viewership .<ref>{{cite web |title=Most watched shows of the week The latest TRP rankings revealed "Anupamaa" continued to dominate the top spot|work=The Times of India |date=August 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/most-watched-tv-shows-of-week-anupamaa-maintains-top-spot-kanwar-dhillon-neha-harsoras-udne-ki-aasha-surpasses-ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin-and-yeh-rishta/articleshow/112202697.cms}}</ref> Story line changes based on TRP and sometimes most of the serials have to wrap up soon with quick end due to decrease in the level of TRP's.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeete Hain Jiske Liye taken off air|work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2007 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/why-smita-bansal-feels-cheated/articleshow/2283206.cms}}</ref>


TRPs are calculated using the denominator as the Total Number of People in the Target Audience, and the numerator as the Number of People Who Watched the Program in the Target Audience  multiplied by 100.TRP's can also be calculated  
TRPs are calculated using the denominator as the Total Number of People in the Target Audience, and the numerator as the Number of People Who Watched the Program in the Target Audience  multiplied by 100.TRP's can also be calculated
*TRP = (Number of viewers in the sample audience / Total target audience) * 100.<ref>{{cite web |title=themediaant.com|url=https://www.themediaant.com/calculators/television/television-rating-point-calculator}}</ref>
* TRP = (Number of viewers in the sample audience / Total target audience) * 100.<ref>{{cite web |title=themediaant.com|url=https://www.themediaant.com/calculators/television/television-rating-point-calculator}}</ref>


== International reception ==
== International reception ==
=== Afghanistan ===
=== Afghanistan ===
Indian soap operas gained immense popularity in [[Afghanistan]] during the 2000s, building on the pre-existing popularity of Bollywood cinema in the region. In 2006, a [[Reuters]] article highlighted the airing of ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'', dubbed into [[Dari]], captivating a broad audience.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian soap opera mesmerises Afghanistan |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/indian-soap-opera-mesmerises-afghanistan-1.237349}}</ref>
Indian soap operas gained immense popularity in [[Afghanistan]] during the 2000s, building on the pre-existing popularity of Bollywood cinema in the region. In 2006, a [[Reuters]] article highlighted the airing of ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'', dubbed into [[Dari]], captivating a broad audience.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian soap opera mesmerises Afghanistan |date=18 May 2006 |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/indian-soap-opera-mesmerises-afghanistan-1.237349}}</ref>


{{blockquote|Men, women, young, and old—anyone with access to television—became enthralled by the family drama.}}
{{blockquote|Men, women, young, and old—anyone with access to television—became enthralled by the family drama.}}
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Indian TV dramas have become so popular in Pakistan that mainstream newspapers, such as the Pakistan Tribune, often feature articles about the shows.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 January 2012 |title=10 things I hate about Indian soaps |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/319826/10-things-i-hate-about-indian-soaps/ |access-date=13 January 2015 |publisher=Tribune.com.pk}}</ref> Many viewers have resorted to satellite connections to enjoy uninterrupted coverage of Indian programs.<ref>{{cite web |author=Rob Crilly in Islamabad |date=3 October 2010 |title=Pakistanis snap up Satellite dishes for Indian soaps |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8040017/Pakistanis-snap-up-Satellite-dishes-for-Indian-soaps.html |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
Indian TV dramas have become so popular in Pakistan that mainstream newspapers, such as the Pakistan Tribune, often feature articles about the shows.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 January 2012 |title=10 things I hate about Indian soaps |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/319826/10-things-i-hate-about-indian-soaps/ |access-date=13 January 2015 |publisher=Tribune.com.pk}}</ref> Many viewers have resorted to satellite connections to enjoy uninterrupted coverage of Indian programs.<ref>{{cite web |author=Rob Crilly in Islamabad |date=3 October 2010 |title=Pakistanis snap up Satellite dishes for Indian soaps |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8040017/Pakistanis-snap-up-Satellite-dishes-for-Indian-soaps.html |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>


Despite the historical anti-Indian sentiment in Pakistan and the fact that the two countries have fought [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|four wars over a span of about 50 years]], Indian TV shows and Bollywood have led to a shift in perception, with many ordinary Pakistanis viewing India and Indians more favorably. Indian tourists visiting Pakistan have noted that people tend to be particularly friendly when they discover that the visitor is from [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Serial Lovers - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/Serial-Lovers/articleshow/10888106.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403094215/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-27/special-report/30446463_1_serials-karachi-pakistanis |archive-date=3 April 2013 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
Despite the historical anti-Indian sentiment in Pakistan and the fact that the two countries have fought [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|four wars over a span of about 50 years]], Indian TV shows and Bollywood have led to a shift in perception, with many ordinary Pakistanis viewing India and Indians more favorably. Indian tourists visiting Pakistan have noted that people tend to be particularly friendly when they discover that the visitor is from [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Serial Lovers - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/Serial-Lovers/articleshow/10888106.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403094215/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-27/special-report/30446463_1_serials-karachi-pakistanis |archive-date=3 April 2013 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 November 2011 }}</ref>


On October 27, 2018, the Supreme Court of Pakistan reinstated the ban on Indian content on local channels. Channels such as ''[[Filmazia]]'' and ''[[Urdu1]]'' subsequently shut down Indian content for a period.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-27 |title=Pakistan bans Indian TV channels |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46003662 |access-date=2018-10-28 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Baloch |first=Shafi |date=2018-10-27 |title=SC reinstates ban on airing of Indian content on TV channels |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1441739 |access-date=2018-10-28 |work=DAWN.COM |language=en-US}}</ref>
On October 27, 2018, the Supreme Court of Pakistan reinstated the ban on Indian content on local channels. Channels such as ''[[Filmazia]]'' and ''[[Urdu1]]'' subsequently shut down Indian content for a period.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-27 |title=Pakistan bans Indian TV channels |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46003662 |access-date=2018-10-28 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Baloch |first=Shafi |date=2018-10-27 |title=SC reinstates ban on airing of Indian content on TV channels |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1441739 |access-date=2018-10-28 |work=DAWN.COM |language=en-US}}</ref>
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===Africa===
===Africa===
[[Tu Tevha Tashi]] the Marathi daily soap dubbed into English as 'Never Too Late for Love’ for African viewers & aired on Zee Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Marathi TV serial dubbed for African viewers leaves netizens in splits.|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/marathi-tv-serial-dubbed-african-viewers-netizens-in-splits-9413575/|website=indianexpress.com}}</ref>
[[Tu Tevha Tashi]] the Marathi daily soap dubbed into English as 'Never Too Late for Love' for African viewers & aired on Zee Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Marathi TV serial dubbed for African viewers leaves netizens in splits.|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/marathi-tv-serial-dubbed-african-viewers-netizens-in-splits-9413575/|website=indianexpress.com}}</ref>


=== Other countries ===
=== Other countries ===
Trueth
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