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{{Short description|Indian caste}} | |||
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | ||
'''Sainthwar''', | The '''Sainthwar''', or '''Mall''',<ref>{{cite book |author=Subodh Kapoor |title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC&pg=PA413%7CYEAR%3D2002%7CPUBLISHER%3DCOSMO+PUBLICATIONS%7CISBN%3D978-81-7755-299-7%7CPAGES%3D413%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2FREF%3E |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo |isbn=978-81-7755-299-7 |page=413 }}</ref> is an [[Indian caste]] of peasants<ref name="Shahid_1995">{{cite book |author=Shahid Amin |title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |year=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08780-4 |page=33 |quote=Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi}}</ref> native to the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998">{{cite book |editor=Kumar Suresh Singh |title=India's Communities |volume=A-G |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |page=2163 }}</ref> Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or [[Other backward class]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> | ||
The Sainthwars are closely related to the [[Kurmi]]s,<ref name="Shahid_1995"/> and are sometimes described as a division of the Kurmi caste.<ref name="Paul_1987">{{cite book |editor1=Paul R. Brass |editor2=Francis Robinson |title=The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BJuAAAAMAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=Chanakya |isbn=9788170010265 }}</ref> Though Sainthwars deny the claim but in Census of 1881 Sainthwars were mentioned along with Kurmi in Oudh and Benaras.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blunt |first=Sir Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=Sainthwar |title=The Caste System of Northern India |date=2010 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jogendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlpLAAAAMAAJ&q=Jogendra+Nath+Bhattacharya+saithwar |title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems |date=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |language=en}}</ref> Sainthwar was earlier a Kurmi sub-caste. But due to the rise of the leading family (princely family of Padruna) it was classified as a separate caste in 1911.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blunt |first=Sir Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NenzO2grTOMC&q=editions:4DMMl3vnlrcC |title=The Caste System of Northern India |date=2010 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8205-495-0 |language=en}}</ref> The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the Kurmis.<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Paul_1987"/> | |||
The Sainthwars | The oral tradition of the Sainthwars traces their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero [[Lakshmana]].<ref name="KSS_OUP_1998"/> | ||
[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh|RPN Singh]] belongs to the Saithwar community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How RPN Singh fits into BJP's OBC plan in UP - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rpns-congress-exit-a-move-in-bjps-obc-plan/articleshow/89139720.cms|access-date=2022-01-28|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-rpn-singh-the-congress-leader-who-is-likely-to-join-bjp-ahead-of-up-assembly-polls |title=Who is RPN Singh? Know all about Congress heavyweight who joined BJP ahead of UP polls |newspaper=The Fress Press Journal |date=2022-01-25 |access-date=2022-08-10 }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]] | [[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Agricultural castes]] | |||
[[Category:Hindu communities]] | |||
Revision as of 17:56, 5 September 2025
The Sainthwar, or Mall,[1] is an Indian caste of peasants[2] native to the Uttar Pradesh state.[3] Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Sainthwars are classified as a "Backward" or Other backward class.[4]
The Sainthwars are closely related to the Kurmis,[2] and are sometimes described as a division of the Kurmi caste.[5] Though Sainthwars deny the claim but in Census of 1881 Sainthwars were mentioned along with Kurmi in Oudh and Benaras.[6][7] Sainthwar was earlier a Kurmi sub-caste. But due to the rise of the leading family (princely family of Padruna) it was classified as a separate caste in 1911.[8] The Sainthwars are known as "Mall" ("prosperous") as opposed to the Kurmis.[3] They are the dominant landholding caste in some districts of Uttar Pradesh.[5]
The oral tradition of the Sainthwars traces their ancestry to Chandraketu, a son of the legendary hero Lakshmana.[3]
Bharatiya Janata Party politician RPN Singh belongs to the Saithwar community and is a prominent leader from Eastern Uttar Pradesh.[9][10]
References
- ↑ Subodh Kapoor (2002). Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography. Cosmo. p. 413. ISBN 978-81-7755-299-7.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shahid Amin (1995). Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992. University of California Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-520-08780-4.
Sainthwar: a middle-ranking caste of 'industrious' peasants, closely related to the Kurmi
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kumar Suresh Singh, ed. (1998). India's Communities. Vol. A–G. Oxford University Press. p. 2163. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
- ↑ "National Commission for Backward Classes". www.ncbc.nic.in. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Paul R. Brass; Francis Robinson, eds. (1987). The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985: ideology, social structure, and political dominance. Chanakya. ISBN 9788170010265.
- ↑ Blunt, Sir Edward (2010). The Caste System of Northern India. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-8205-495-0.
- ↑ Bhattacharya, Jogendra Nath (1896). Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems. Thacker, Spink.
- ↑ Blunt, Sir Edward (2010). The Caste System of Northern India. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-8205-495-0.
- ↑ "How RPN Singh fits into BJP's OBC plan in UP - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
- ↑ "Who is RPN Singh? Know all about Congress heavyweight who joined BJP ahead of UP polls". The Fress Press Journal. 25 January 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.